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2008 Academic Challenge BIOLOGY TEST
2008 Academic Challenge BIOLOGY TEST

... a. Sickle cell anemia may be described by anemia, poor circulation, or sickle shaped red blood cells. b. Huntington’s disease is characterized by benign tumors that occur under the skin or deeper. c. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by mucus build up in the lungs. d. An individual with Phenylketonur ...
DNA Packing
DNA Packing

... 2. Recombinant DNA technology/ Genetically Modified organisms – Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA sequences from two different sources: ...
Variation and Inheritance
Variation and Inheritance

... individuals of the same species by collecting and analysing data and know that variation may be due to environmental or genetic causes. Understand that variation may be continuous or discontinuous. ...
pdb-d.eng.uiowa.edu
pdb-d.eng.uiowa.edu

... The sequence of a gene may change much faster than the order of the genes May be a very useful confirmation or hint of the function of a gene ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... the image that the mouse still died, indicating that something other than protein was the transforming agent. DNase which destroys DNA--notice from the image that the mouse lived, indicating that DNA is required for the transformation event. ...
DNA - Mrs. Barrett`s Biology Site
DNA - Mrs. Barrett`s Biology Site

... Understand the process of translation that leads to the formation of a new protein Know that the shape of a protein determines its function Outline the steps in protein synthesis Discuss the role of mRNA Be familiar with complimentary bases in the formation of mRNA Know that proteins are made in the ...
Chapter 2 - rci.rutgers.edu
Chapter 2 - rci.rutgers.edu

... - The amount of DNA grows exponentially as it doubles with every cycle. - Reverse transcription: is a procedure for reversing, in a laboratory, the process of transcription. It is accomplished by isolating mRNA and using it as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA, for short) strand, so ...
Genetic Profiling using Short Tandem Repeat Analysis
Genetic Profiling using Short Tandem Repeat Analysis

PPT: Mitosis, Meiosis, DNA, PS
PPT: Mitosis, Meiosis, DNA, PS

... different ...
Chapter 31: Epigenetic Effects Are Inherited
Chapter 31: Epigenetic Effects Are Inherited

Concerning mitochondrial DNA:
Concerning mitochondrial DNA:

... A. All offspring of two individuals with autosomal recessive disorder will be affected. B. Genetic counselling for members of affected families is based on the assumption that mutation rates are high C. The risk of having the disorder for the niece or nephew of an affected person is between one quar ...
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2nd-9-weeks-study-guide-for-2016

... 21. Who was the first person to see single celled organisms? 22. What 3 things did Leeuwenhoek first to see or discover? 23. What are 3 organs found in animals? 24. What are 3 organs found in plants? 25. What is the relationship among cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems? 26. What is the funct ...
Chapter 17- Transcription and Translation
Chapter 17- Transcription and Translation

... B) What region of the DNA do general transcription factors bind to? C) What is an activator protein (specific transcription factor)? D) What region of the DNA do the activator proteins bind to? E) How is the binding of transcription factors and activator proteins impacted by the how tightly DNA is b ...
Assignment 2
Assignment 2

... d. The genotype given is not informative enough to conclude the risk. Answer: c – will remain unaffected The disease results from a mutation of on the gene A and not B. Hence II-3 which does not contain the allele for A gene is normal Q4: What two enzymes are needed to produce recombinant DNA? a. en ...
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Genetics Review Sheet
Genetics Review Sheet

... Resources: Class notes, Flow Chart, practice notes from sentence activity. Outline the process of protein synthesis- what are the steps that occur? Where does protein synthesis start in the cell? Where is the protein actually made? What does mRNA stand for? What does tRNA stand for? Translate DNA in ...
Epigenetics Glossary FINAL
Epigenetics Glossary FINAL

... Gamete: A reproductive germ cell -- an egg cell in the female or sperm in the male. Reproductive germ cells are haploid, i.e., they carry only 23 chromosomes (only one chromosome from each of the 23 pairs) Gene Expression: Most commonly this term refers to the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) usin ...
rights reserved. AP Biology Living System and Genetic Information
rights reserved. AP Biology Living System and Genetic Information

... B. A single strand of DNA is transported to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. C. RNA polymerase uses a single strand of DNA as a template to form mRNA. D. Amino acids are assembled in the order determined by the order of bases on one of the strands. ...
Chapter 27 How Humans Evolved Visual Understanding 1. Figure
Chapter 27 How Humans Evolved Visual Understanding 1. Figure

... discoveries of ancestral species need to be found and classified to allow a complete mapping of the evolution of our species. ...
Passarge, E. Taschenatlas der Genetik
Passarge, E. Taschenatlas der Genetik

... The author is Professor emeritus and Director at Institute of Human Genetics, Univerity of Essen, Germany. First German edition occurred in print in 1994. English, French, Japanese, Chinese, Italian and Turkish editions followed in 1995-2003. Portuguese, Polish and Spanish translations are to be pri ...
Platform Partition in Translational Medicine Data
Platform Partition in Translational Medicine Data

... Hogg M, Grujic ZM, Baker M, Demirci S, Guillozet AL, Sweet AP, et al. The L266V tau mutation is associated with frontotemporal dementia and Picklike 3R and 4R tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 2003;106(4):323-36 http://myhealth-guide.org/glioblastoma-multiforme-pathology-andpictures/613 ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... transferred accurately to these new cells – The instructions encoded in DNA play a major role in determining how your body operates – A child’s life depends on the accurate transmission of genetic information from his or her parents – DNA is the molecular basis of reproduction. – DNA is required for ...
Organic Compounds Worksheet
Organic Compounds Worksheet

... 16. Where do you find phospholipids? ____________________________________ 17. Where is cellulose found? ___________________________________________ 18. What is the problem with cellulose for animals? __________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 19. What ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition

... Always has the same volume DNA is much denser than protein More DNA in phage, denser phage Extra DNAs that can inactivate a gene by inserting into it were the first transposons discovered in bacteria • These transposons are called insertion sequences (ISs) ...
Epigenetics and Inheritance
Epigenetics and Inheritance

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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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