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student - Shawnee Science
student - Shawnee Science

... there is a reunion of an end section onto a chromosome that is not homologous. Likewise, there can be an orphaned end section that does not reattach to any chromosome. The genes on such orphans are functionally lost. Sometimes, __________________________ of one or more genes are produced when a DNA ...
Proposal for 431 531 - Oregon State University
Proposal for 431 531 - Oregon State University

... implications for evolution and agriculture. By articulating the key difference in between species in terms of genome architecture, the implications of ploidy level and ploidy manipulations will be illustrated. ...
Proposal for 431 531 - Oregon State University
Proposal for 431 531 - Oregon State University

... implications for evolution and agriculture. By articulating the key difference in between species in terms of genome architecture, the implications of ploidy level and ploidy manipulations will be illustrated. ...
File
File

Ch 14- 17 Unit Test - Akron Central Schools
Ch 14- 17 Unit Test - Akron Central Schools

... • A) activation of the XIST gene on the X chromosome that will become the Barr body • B) activation of the BARR gene on one X chromosome, which then becomes inactive • C) inactivation of the XIST gene on the X chromosome derived from the male parent • D) attachment of methyl (CH3) groups to the X ch ...
What is DNA? - Livingstone High School
What is DNA? - Livingstone High School

Comparative Genomic Hybridization for
Comparative Genomic Hybridization for

... large variety of genes may be amplified during cancer initiation and progression. In 5 of the 11 cell lines, more than one locus was amplified. Two or three separate loci on the same chromosome were amplified in four cell lines, which suggests a spatial clustering of chromosomal locations that under ...
DNA mimicry by proteins - Biochemical Society Transactions
DNA mimicry by proteins - Biochemical Society Transactions

... ocr: an inhibitor of type I DNA R/M (restriction and modification) enzymes The oldest studied example of a DNA mimic protein is the gene 0.3 protein, also known as ocr for ‘overcome classical restriction’, expressed immediately by bacteriophage T7 upon infection of Escherichia coli [3]. The ocr prote ...
Ch 14- Human Heredity
Ch 14- Human Heredity

... Turner’s Syndrome • This is a sex chromosomal disorder associated with females. • Nondisjunction causes offspring to inherit only one X chromosome (genotype = XO). • Resulting female is sterile due to underdeveloped sex organs. ...
Introduction to Medical Genetics
Introduction to Medical Genetics

... Sex of transmitting parent important Some more unstable from father, others from mother ...
Jeopardy
Jeopardy

... anti-codon look like for that 3 base code? ...
Algebra 1 - Edublogs
Algebra 1 - Edublogs

... pairs at birth to 3,000 base pairs as people age and as low as 1,500 in elderly people. Another recent study divided people into two groups based on telomere lengths and found that the people with longer telomeres lived five years longer than those with shorter telomeres. A related study found that ...
GLP 021 - University of Newcastle
GLP 021 - University of Newcastle

... NaOH such that the concentration of DNA is 0.2 - 0.3 µg / µl. Typically add 300 600µl of 8mM NaOH to DNA isolated from 107 cells or 50 -70 mg of tissue. Resuspending in weak base is HIGHLY recommended since isolated DNA does not resuspend well in water or in Tris buffers. the pH of the 8mM NaOH is o ...
ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2 blog2012
ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2 blog2012

... • Before we can produce organism’s with desired traits, we must first sequence DNA. • What do we call the process of sequencing DNA? – DNA Fingerprinting ...
Genetics Unit Syllabus 2016
Genetics Unit Syllabus 2016

Midterm Study Guide Spring_key - Ms Williams
Midterm Study Guide Spring_key - Ms Williams

Life Science Assessment
Life Science Assessment

... the DNA inside the nucleus into the cytoplasm. This genetic messenger is called ribonucleic acid or RNA. During protein synthesis, messenger RNA copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries it into the cytoplasm. One the code has been carried into the cytoplasm, transfer RNA brin ...
Supplementary Materials: Immobilization of Genetically
Supplementary Materials: Immobilization of Genetically

... Rong Li, Jian Sun, Yaqi Fu, Kun Du, Mengsha Cai, Peijun Ji and Wei Feng  1. Gene Constructions and Cloning for an Elastin‐Like Polypeptide (ELP)  A  20‐repeat  polypeptide  of  Val‐Pro‐Gly‐Xaa‐Gly  was  synthesized  in  PUC57  plasmid  by  the  Genewiz  company  (Suzhou,  China).  (VPGXG)20  was  us ...
Answer Key
Answer Key

... has different chromosome numbers is produced by meiosis is produced by mitosis results from sexual reproduction ...
Meiosis = nuclear division that reduces chromosome
Meiosis = nuclear division that reduces chromosome

... Meiosis = nuclear division that reduces chromosome number by half  sex cell division  gametes = sperm & egg (ovum) (plural = ova)  results in 4 haploid cells  sperm (23) + egg (23)  zygote (46) = fertilized egg  you have exactly ½ of your Dad’s chromosomes and ½ of your Mom’s  puberty = stage ...
RrYy - Lemon Bay High School
RrYy - Lemon Bay High School

... cells. • four genetically different haploid cells. • four genetically identical haploid cells. • two genetically different diploid cells. ...
1 Lecture 24 – Bacterial genetics I. Prokaryotes – an overview A
1 Lecture 24 – Bacterial genetics I. Prokaryotes – an overview A

... 1. # recombinants increases with time 2. for each, is a time before which no recombinants 3. intercept with x-axis is time of entry 4. # recombinants reaches max, which decreases as TOE increases G. F’ plasmid 1. F may excise from Hfr 2. sometimes excision imprecise, plasmid includes chromosomal seq ...
Genetics and Genomics in Medicine Chapter 6 Questions Multiple
Genetics and Genomics in Medicine Chapter 6 Questions Multiple

... a) An miRNA is initially composed of two RNA strands, a passenger strand that will be destroyed and a complementary RNA, the guide strand, that is required for it to work. b) an active miRNA regulates target protein-coding genes by binding to complementary sequences in the mRNA c) A single miRNA nor ...
Total genomic DNA of non-treated and DHPA
Total genomic DNA of non-treated and DHPA

... respectively. GMC GT500-L DNA standard (Genomac; orange peaks) was added to fluorescently labeled products of selective amplification (green peaks) and after denaturation, ss DNA fragments were separated using ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer. Obtained data were aligned and visualized using GeneMarke ...
Worksheet 6 - Iowa State University
Worksheet 6 - Iowa State University

... 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  515-294-6624  [email protected]  http://www.si.iastate.edu ...
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Extrachromosomal DNA



Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA that is found outside of the nucleus of a cell. It is also referred to as extranuclear DNA or cytoplasmic DNA. Most DNA in an individual genome is found in chromosomes but DNA found outside of the nucleus also serves important biological functions.In prokaryotes, nonviral extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in plasmids whereas in eukaryotes extrachromosomal DNA is primarily found in organelles. Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research of replication because it is easy to identify and isolate.Extrachromosomal DNA was found to be structurally different from nuclear DNA. Cytoplasmic DNA is less methylated than DNA found within the nucleus. It was also confirmed that the sequences of cytoplasmic DNA was different from nuclear DNA in the same organism, showing that cytoplasmic DNAs are not simply fragments of nuclear DNA.In addition to DNA found outside of the nucleus in cells, infection of viral genomes also provides an example of extrachromosomal DNA.
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