Genes involved in asexual sporophyte development in Ceratopteris
... genes that increase in transcription in gametophytes during this commitment time. By comparing the Gene Ontology terms mapped to this cDNA library with that of the gametophyte transcriptome of the homosporous fern Pteridium aquilinum, I discovered that the C. richardii apogamy library is enriched in ...
... genes that increase in transcription in gametophytes during this commitment time. By comparing the Gene Ontology terms mapped to this cDNA library with that of the gametophyte transcriptome of the homosporous fern Pteridium aquilinum, I discovered that the C. richardii apogamy library is enriched in ...
Identification of the mRNA targets of tRNA
... Translation is the most resource- and energy-consuming process in the cell, and is therefore highly regulated by a range of protein trans factors in response to environment and nutrient availability (16–22). However, while it is clear that tRNA concentration can regulate the translation rate of indi ...
... Translation is the most resource- and energy-consuming process in the cell, and is therefore highly regulated by a range of protein trans factors in response to environment and nutrient availability (16–22). However, while it is clear that tRNA concentration can regulate the translation rate of indi ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
... • All 3 genes are transcribed together producing 1 mRNA, a polycistronic message that starts from a single promoter – Each cistron, or gene, has its own ribosome binding site – Each cistron can be translated by separate ribosomes that bind independently of each other ...
... • All 3 genes are transcribed together producing 1 mRNA, a polycistronic message that starts from a single promoter – Each cistron, or gene, has its own ribosome binding site – Each cistron can be translated by separate ribosomes that bind independently of each other ...
Pax8, a murine paired box gene expressed in the developing
... developmental control are affected. However, a number of developmental mutants have been identified in Drosophila (Lewis, 1978; Niisslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, 1980), facilitating the isolation of the corresponding genes (for review see Akam, 1987). A complex network of molecular interactions leadi ...
... developmental control are affected. However, a number of developmental mutants have been identified in Drosophila (Lewis, 1978; Niisslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, 1980), facilitating the isolation of the corresponding genes (for review see Akam, 1987). A complex network of molecular interactions leadi ...
Operon review
... Explain how the regulation of eukaryotic genes is different in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes. ...
... Explain how the regulation of eukaryotic genes is different in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes. ...
PDF
... In insects, the precise timing of molting and metamorphosis is strictly guided by a principal steroid hormone, ecdysone. Among the multiple conversion steps for synthesizing ecdysone from dietary cholesterol, the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to 5ketodiol, the so-called ‘Black Box’, is thought ...
... In insects, the precise timing of molting and metamorphosis is strictly guided by a principal steroid hormone, ecdysone. Among the multiple conversion steps for synthesizing ecdysone from dietary cholesterol, the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to 5ketodiol, the so-called ‘Black Box’, is thought ...
Expression of Allene Oxide Synthase Determines - Bio
... leaves and fruits, AOS mRNA was not detectable under non-inducing conditions, such as in the absence of wounding or elicitors. Contrary to this, there was a basal level of constitutive expression of the flax AOS under non-inducing conditions in all plant organs (Harms et al., 1998). A similar consti ...
... leaves and fruits, AOS mRNA was not detectable under non-inducing conditions, such as in the absence of wounding or elicitors. Contrary to this, there was a basal level of constitutive expression of the flax AOS under non-inducing conditions in all plant organs (Harms et al., 1998). A similar consti ...
PHANTASTICA Regulates Development of the Adaxial Mesophyll in
... for PHAN orthologs in negative regulation of class I KNOX genes. The leaf phenotypes of the rs2 mutant in maize and the as1 mutant in Arabidopsis in fact have a striking resemblance to those resulting from KNOX overexpression in those species (Lincoln et al., 1994; Schneeberger et al., 1995; Chuck e ...
... for PHAN orthologs in negative regulation of class I KNOX genes. The leaf phenotypes of the rs2 mutant in maize and the as1 mutant in Arabidopsis in fact have a striking resemblance to those resulting from KNOX overexpression in those species (Lincoln et al., 1994; Schneeberger et al., 1995; Chuck e ...
Inhibition of Wound-Induced Accumulation of
... expression can be prevented by SA or aspirin (Doherty et al., 1988; Peña-Cortés et al., 1993; Doares et al., 1995). Previous results have shown that SA or aspirin inhibit the conversion of 13-HPLA to 12-oxo-PDA, thereby inhibiting the signal pathway by blocking the synthesis of JA (PeñaCortés et ...
... expression can be prevented by SA or aspirin (Doherty et al., 1988; Peña-Cortés et al., 1993; Doares et al., 1995). Previous results have shown that SA or aspirin inhibit the conversion of 13-HPLA to 12-oxo-PDA, thereby inhibiting the signal pathway by blocking the synthesis of JA (PeñaCortés et ...
Statistical analysis of atomic contacts at RNA– protein
... and instructions for data manipulation were incorporated in the C host language. Although this system is old, it is still up to date for the functions it provides. The database and the update programs may be easily implemented using any other RDBMS which can be coupled with a host language. Statisti ...
... and instructions for data manipulation were incorporated in the C host language. Although this system is old, it is still up to date for the functions it provides. The database and the update programs may be easily implemented using any other RDBMS which can be coupled with a host language. Statisti ...
A global picture of tRNA genes in plant genomes
... For each of the six genomes included in our survey, we determined the number of tDNAs and tRNA pseudogenes as well as the number of organellar tRNA genes inserted into the nuclear genomes (Table 1). We cannot exclude the possibility that a few of the transferred organellar tRNA genes became function ...
... For each of the six genomes included in our survey, we determined the number of tDNAs and tRNA pseudogenes as well as the number of organellar tRNA genes inserted into the nuclear genomes (Table 1). We cannot exclude the possibility that a few of the transferred organellar tRNA genes became function ...
Transcriptional Attenuation
... Transcriptional attenuation might, in the broadest sense, include any phenomenon that reduces the extent or rate of transcription. In studies of bacterial gene regulation, however, it has acquired a more restricted definition and is used to describe a mechanism in which the level of transcriptional ...
... Transcriptional attenuation might, in the broadest sense, include any phenomenon that reduces the extent or rate of transcription. In studies of bacterial gene regulation, however, it has acquired a more restricted definition and is used to describe a mechanism in which the level of transcriptional ...
A nested deletion approach to generate Cre deleter mice with
... enzyme, which, consequently would not work efficiently on all cells expressing the transgene. Altogether, the CreDel3 mice seemed to be better candidates to be used as deleter mice than their relatives CreDel0mice. These mice nevertheless did not completely fullfill our expectations based upon the a ...
... enzyme, which, consequently would not work efficiently on all cells expressing the transgene. Altogether, the CreDel3 mice seemed to be better candidates to be used as deleter mice than their relatives CreDel0mice. These mice nevertheless did not completely fullfill our expectations based upon the a ...
Mechanisms of translational regulation in bacteria
... Consequently, the genetic code is degenerate: Except for tryptophan and methionine, the amino acids are encoded by two, four or six different so called synonymous codons. Hence an organism can tune the codon sequence according to its needs without changing the amino acid sequence of the expressed pr ...
... Consequently, the genetic code is degenerate: Except for tryptophan and methionine, the amino acids are encoded by two, four or six different so called synonymous codons. Hence an organism can tune the codon sequence according to its needs without changing the amino acid sequence of the expressed pr ...
Descriptions of Banbury Conference
... The highly productive discussions focused attention on the role of FMRP as a mRNA binding protein and upon the likelihood that the phenotype of FXS reflects where and if the mRNAs that FMRP are translated within the neuron (or other cell). Of particular interest were the first reports, independently ...
... The highly productive discussions focused attention on the role of FMRP as a mRNA binding protein and upon the likelihood that the phenotype of FXS reflects where and if the mRNAs that FMRP are translated within the neuron (or other cell). Of particular interest were the first reports, independently ...
Kallikrein-like prorenin-converting enzymes in inbred
... at the molecular level is not clear at all and requires further investigation. We are currently analyzing the promoter region of PRCE C (mK9) of BPH and BPN strains of mice for its sequence and DNA binding proteins. The increased expression of PRCE C (mK9) in BPH mice raises the possibility of its i ...
... at the molecular level is not clear at all and requires further investigation. We are currently analyzing the promoter region of PRCE C (mK9) of BPH and BPN strains of mice for its sequence and DNA binding proteins. The increased expression of PRCE C (mK9) in BPH mice raises the possibility of its i ...
The murine homologue of HIRA, a DiGeorge
... We examined the evolutionary conservation of HIRA by hybridization of radiolabeled probe hD (from the 4 kb insert of one of our human HIRA cDNA clones) (Fig. 1B) to a blot containing EcoRI digested genomic DNA from various species. The probe hybridizes to homologous sequences in the DNA of all menti ...
... We examined the evolutionary conservation of HIRA by hybridization of radiolabeled probe hD (from the 4 kb insert of one of our human HIRA cDNA clones) (Fig. 1B) to a blot containing EcoRI digested genomic DNA from various species. The probe hybridizes to homologous sequences in the DNA of all menti ...
RT2 Profiler™ PCR Arrays: Pathway
... levels are measured by gene-specific RT2 qPCR Primer Assays optimized for simultaneous use in the PCR Array System. RT2 qPCR Primer Assays are key components in the PCR Array System. Each qPCR assay on the array is uniquely designed for use in SYBR Green real-time PCR analysis. The assay design crit ...
... levels are measured by gene-specific RT2 qPCR Primer Assays optimized for simultaneous use in the PCR Array System. RT2 qPCR Primer Assays are key components in the PCR Array System. Each qPCR assay on the array is uniquely designed for use in SYBR Green real-time PCR analysis. The assay design crit ...
Epigenetic inheritance of acquired traits through sperm RNAs and
... is transferred to the other. The transvection phenomenon in mice was first noticed during transgene manipulation38–40. In these cases, induced DNA methylation on one allele (triggered by transgene manipulations at this allele) was transferred to the other allele, the genotype of which remained wild ...
... is transferred to the other. The transvection phenomenon in mice was first noticed during transgene manipulation38–40. In these cases, induced DNA methylation on one allele (triggered by transgene manipulations at this allele) was transferred to the other allele, the genotype of which remained wild ...
RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays: Pathway-focused gene
... guaranteed when RT2 SYBR Green qPCR Mastermixes are used as part of the complete RT2 Profiler PCR Array System protocol. ...
... guaranteed when RT2 SYBR Green qPCR Mastermixes are used as part of the complete RT2 Profiler PCR Array System protocol. ...
Studies on the structure and function of 16S ribosomal RNA using
... are unpaired in the model and unreactive under native conditions but reactive under quasi-secondary conditions. We find 57 such residues that show this behaviour. (iii) An unexpectedly stable structure has been identified in the region between positions 109 and 279, where many residues remain unreac ...
... are unpaired in the model and unreactive under native conditions but reactive under quasi-secondary conditions. We find 57 such residues that show this behaviour. (iii) An unexpectedly stable structure has been identified in the region between positions 109 and 279, where many residues remain unreac ...
"Frontmatter". In: Plant Genomics and Proteomics
... has been generated by investigating the most amenable systems for understanding that particular process. However, many of these models are not well characterized in other respects and have relatively few genomics resources, such as sequence data and extensive mutant collections, associated with them ...
... has been generated by investigating the most amenable systems for understanding that particular process. However, many of these models are not well characterized in other respects and have relatively few genomics resources, such as sequence data and extensive mutant collections, associated with them ...
Biology 164 Laboratory Genetic Mutants of the Prodigiosin
... pathway due to a mutation in one or more of the genes coding for enzymes which carry out steps in the pathway. Auxotroph strains have been produced by irradiating wild-type cells with x-rays or ultraviolet light. Sometimes mutations arise naturally in wild-type populations but this is very infrequen ...
... pathway due to a mutation in one or more of the genes coding for enzymes which carry out steps in the pathway. Auxotroph strains have been produced by irradiating wild-type cells with x-rays or ultraviolet light. Sometimes mutations arise naturally in wild-type populations but this is very infrequen ...
Transcriptomic analysis reveals metabolic switches and
... These stages have been defined initially by morphological characteristics (Chagas, 1909) and, as expected, they imply changes at the cellular level, including surface composition and energy metabolism. Specifically, while epimastigotes are highly active in catabolism and anabolism related pathways, ...
... These stages have been defined initially by morphological characteristics (Chagas, 1909) and, as expected, they imply changes at the cellular level, including surface composition and energy metabolism. Specifically, while epimastigotes are highly active in catabolism and anabolism related pathways, ...
PAX6 mRNA Transcript Analysis in Various Ocular/Non
... insertion allows the carboxy terminal sub-region of the paired domain to recognize a novel DNA sequence. PAX6 contains an alternative mRNA splice-site which allows to regulate the restricted set of genes depends on the mRNA splicing. These two major forms of the protein, PAX6 and PAX6 (5a) are highl ...
... insertion allows the carboxy terminal sub-region of the paired domain to recognize a novel DNA sequence. PAX6 contains an alternative mRNA splice-site which allows to regulate the restricted set of genes depends on the mRNA splicing. These two major forms of the protein, PAX6 and PAX6 (5a) are highl ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.