Genome-scale CRISPR pooled screens
... cell line using a genome-scale library targeting approximately 18,000 genes with approximately 65,000 sgRNAs [3]. This BRAF gain-of-function mutation is found in more than 50% of malignant melanomas, and vemurafenib, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved BRAF inhibitor, was shown to induce ap ...
... cell line using a genome-scale library targeting approximately 18,000 genes with approximately 65,000 sgRNAs [3]. This BRAF gain-of-function mutation is found in more than 50% of malignant melanomas, and vemurafenib, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved BRAF inhibitor, was shown to induce ap ...
1. Introduction Organisms are made up of the sum of their genes and
... α-helical structure (Takagaki et al., 1992). In 2005 Deka and colleagues could show that during RNA binding the helix is unfolded. As the DSE is only weakly conserved, they suggested that an increased flexibility of the protein chain is necessary to bind multiple related RNA sequences. The C-termina ...
... α-helical structure (Takagaki et al., 1992). In 2005 Deka and colleagues could show that during RNA binding the helix is unfolded. As the DSE is only weakly conserved, they suggested that an increased flexibility of the protein chain is necessary to bind multiple related RNA sequences. The C-termina ...
Oocyte-Specific Expression of Growth/Differentiation Factor-9
... proteins, which are capable of inducing de novo cartilage and bone formation and appear to be essential for normal skeletal development during mammalian embryogenesis (13-l 8); and giiai cell-derived neurotrophic factor, which can promote the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (19). The biolo ...
... proteins, which are capable of inducing de novo cartilage and bone formation and appear to be essential for normal skeletal development during mammalian embryogenesis (13-l 8); and giiai cell-derived neurotrophic factor, which can promote the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (19). The biolo ...
Arabidopsis AtCAP-C Disruption of the SMC4 gene,
... characterization of a RAD18-like SMC protein that plays a role in recombinational DNA repair. Three different SMC genes are represented by titan mutants, which derive their name from the dramatic enlargement of endosperm nuclei (Tzafrir et al. 2002). ttn 3, encoding an SMC2 protein, exhibits aberrant ...
... characterization of a RAD18-like SMC protein that plays a role in recombinational DNA repair. Three different SMC genes are represented by titan mutants, which derive their name from the dramatic enlargement of endosperm nuclei (Tzafrir et al. 2002). ttn 3, encoding an SMC2 protein, exhibits aberrant ...
Supplementary Table S1: Published information about
... mutations affecting the RhoA signaling pathway also interact genetically with mutations in the Stubble-stubbloid (Sbsbd) locus, suggesting that RhoA and Sb-sbd act in a common pathway during leg morphogenesis mRNA levels of SER3 appear to be negatively regulated by cAMP and along with SER1 and SER2 ...
... mutations affecting the RhoA signaling pathway also interact genetically with mutations in the Stubble-stubbloid (Sbsbd) locus, suggesting that RhoA and Sb-sbd act in a common pathway during leg morphogenesis mRNA levels of SER3 appear to be negatively regulated by cAMP and along with SER1 and SER2 ...
Different types of microarrays
... expression profiles (++ / -- , fold change). • Find groups of experiments (tissues) with similar expression profiles (++ / -- genes). • Find genes that explain observed differences among tissues (feature selection), and new pathways. ...
... expression profiles (++ / -- , fold change). • Find groups of experiments (tissues) with similar expression profiles (++ / -- genes). • Find genes that explain observed differences among tissues (feature selection), and new pathways. ...
Protein Synthesis
... ribosome, showing its overall shape. The eukaryotic ribosome is roughly similar. A ribosomal subunit is an aggregate of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins. ...
... ribosome, showing its overall shape. The eukaryotic ribosome is roughly similar. A ribosomal subunit is an aggregate of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins. ...
Full-Text PDF
... interacted with a Cas9 endonuclease and guided the enzyme to a specific DNA sequence through DNA–RNA hybridization [67,68]. Next, the targeted DNA underwent blunt-ended and double-stranded breakage by Cas9. This mechanism is called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/C ...
... interacted with a Cas9 endonuclease and guided the enzyme to a specific DNA sequence through DNA–RNA hybridization [67,68]. Next, the targeted DNA underwent blunt-ended and double-stranded breakage by Cas9. This mechanism is called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/C ...
Polypeptide Synthesis - Fairfax Senior High School
... Exons: code for aa, because they are expressed Once mRNA is processed, where do it go? What happens to the mRNA molecule after processing ...
... Exons: code for aa, because they are expressed Once mRNA is processed, where do it go? What happens to the mRNA molecule after processing ...
Triphosphatase Related to the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
... et al., 1996; Fauman and Saper, 1996). These ‘‘inactive’’ domains may in fact have other substrates that have not yet been recognized. The C. elegans capping enzyme triphosphatase is most closely related to the baculovirus protein BVP (Sheng and Charbonneau, 1993). This protein has been experimental ...
... et al., 1996; Fauman and Saper, 1996). These ‘‘inactive’’ domains may in fact have other substrates that have not yet been recognized. The C. elegans capping enzyme triphosphatase is most closely related to the baculovirus protein BVP (Sheng and Charbonneau, 1993). This protein has been experimental ...
Toll-7
... -RNAi is thought to work through the processing of dsRNA into 21-23 bp fragments of small interfering RNA (siRNA) -Catalyze the cleavage of the complementary mRNA -Cause a functional loss of Toll-7 ...
... -RNAi is thought to work through the processing of dsRNA into 21-23 bp fragments of small interfering RNA (siRNA) -Catalyze the cleavage of the complementary mRNA -Cause a functional loss of Toll-7 ...
a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction protocol for symb
... isolation using a high-salt precipitation step involving the addition of 250 μL of a salt solution (0.8 m Na citrate, 1.2 m NaCl) before the addition of 250 μL of isopropanol. The RNA was eluted in 30 μL DEPC-treated water. After the aqueous phase was removed from each sample and processed for RNA ( ...
... isolation using a high-salt precipitation step involving the addition of 250 μL of a salt solution (0.8 m Na citrate, 1.2 m NaCl) before the addition of 250 μL of isopropanol. The RNA was eluted in 30 μL DEPC-treated water. After the aqueous phase was removed from each sample and processed for RNA ( ...
Dynamics of the trp Operon
... The five genes are transcribed as a single mRNA molecule, allowing their expression to be controlled coordinately. There is one promoter. Within the promoter is an operator. Tryptophan repressor can bind to operator and deny access to RNA polymerase. ...
... The five genes are transcribed as a single mRNA molecule, allowing their expression to be controlled coordinately. There is one promoter. Within the promoter is an operator. Tryptophan repressor can bind to operator and deny access to RNA polymerase. ...
Effects of 6-Thioguanine on RNA Biosynthesis in Regenerating Rat
... the specific mRNA molecules for these proteins or by affect ing the synthesis of the specific mRNA's themselves. The punine antimetabolite has been shown to be incorporated into both RNA and DNA (8, 9, 15, 17), but it is the incorpora tion into DNA to which cytotoxicity has been attributed (see, INT ...
... the specific mRNA molecules for these proteins or by affect ing the synthesis of the specific mRNA's themselves. The punine antimetabolite has been shown to be incorporated into both RNA and DNA (8, 9, 15, 17), but it is the incorpora tion into DNA to which cytotoxicity has been attributed (see, INT ...
Functional dissection of the baculovirus late expression factor
... In this study, we performed a detailed deletion analysis of LEF-8, the largest subunit of the AcMNPV DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex, in order to define domains important for expression from a late viral promoter. Sitespecific mutagenesis analysis of the C-terminal motif sequence within LEF-8, w ...
... In this study, we performed a detailed deletion analysis of LEF-8, the largest subunit of the AcMNPV DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex, in order to define domains important for expression from a late viral promoter. Sitespecific mutagenesis analysis of the C-terminal motif sequence within LEF-8, w ...
DNA/RNA Set - MIT Edgerton Center
... with the Edgerton Center’s Sets. This teaching method is most effective when proteins are taught before DNA, as we highly recommend. ...
... with the Edgerton Center’s Sets. This teaching method is most effective when proteins are taught before DNA, as we highly recommend. ...
DNA/RNA Set - Edgerton Center
... with the Edgerton Center’s Sets. This teaching method is most effective when proteins are taught before DNA, as we highly recommend. ...
... with the Edgerton Center’s Sets. This teaching method is most effective when proteins are taught before DNA, as we highly recommend. ...
Epigenetics: Histone Modification III
... Paper to discuss Thursday (Sept.25th) Ooi, S.K., Qiu, C., Bernstein, E., Li, K., Jia, D., Yang, Z., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., Lin, S.P., Allis, C.D., Cheng, X., and Bestor, T.H. (2007). DNMT3L connects unmethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 to de novo methylation of DNA. Nature 448, 714-717. ...
... Paper to discuss Thursday (Sept.25th) Ooi, S.K., Qiu, C., Bernstein, E., Li, K., Jia, D., Yang, Z., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., Lin, S.P., Allis, C.D., Cheng, X., and Bestor, T.H. (2007). DNMT3L connects unmethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 to de novo methylation of DNA. Nature 448, 714-717. ...
10858_2015_9967_MOESM1_ESM
... in order to assess the generality of the approach. For transcriptions, standard primers were used to focus on homogeneity effects caused by DMSO and not 2’-O-methylation of the primers. For this study, we chose A/U rich sequences, which caused severe amounts of non-DNA-templated nucleotide addition ...
... in order to assess the generality of the approach. For transcriptions, standard primers were used to focus on homogeneity effects caused by DMSO and not 2’-O-methylation of the primers. For this study, we chose A/U rich sequences, which caused severe amounts of non-DNA-templated nucleotide addition ...
Crick (1958) companion
... one who wrote more feature articles for Scientific American (eight between 1954 and 1992) than he did. The importance of proteins You should recognize the main outline of Crick's argument here – it's the same that began our course! Proteins do the work, and the genetic material determines their sy ...
... one who wrote more feature articles for Scientific American (eight between 1954 and 1992) than he did. The importance of proteins You should recognize the main outline of Crick's argument here – it's the same that began our course! Proteins do the work, and the genetic material determines their sy ...
RNA transcription and mRNA processing
... groups; (2) DNA is complexed with many proteins and is highly compacted, and therefore must be “unwound” to expose its promoters; (3) transcription occurs in a separate compartment (the nucleus) from translation, most of which occurs in the cytoplasm; and (4) initially transcription results in a pre ...
... groups; (2) DNA is complexed with many proteins and is highly compacted, and therefore must be “unwound” to expose its promoters; (3) transcription occurs in a separate compartment (the nucleus) from translation, most of which occurs in the cytoplasm; and (4) initially transcription results in a pre ...
Overexpression of miR165 Affects Apical
... species and, of them, many putative target genes have been predicted (Dugas and Bartel 2004, Kidner and Martienssen 2005a, Zhang et al. 2006). It has been shown that miRNAs are first transcribed by RNA polymerase II to produce pri-miRNAs, which are then processed by DICER-like proteins and other com ...
... species and, of them, many putative target genes have been predicted (Dugas and Bartel 2004, Kidner and Martienssen 2005a, Zhang et al. 2006). It has been shown that miRNAs are first transcribed by RNA polymerase II to produce pri-miRNAs, which are then processed by DICER-like proteins and other com ...
Companion to Crick
... SQ21. Of course the genetic code we're familiar with was unknown when Crick wrote this article. But look at it (e.g. on the course web site, Resources and Links). How would you characterize it with respect to length, overlapping, and degeneracy? SQ22. How could you modify our genetic code so that it ...
... SQ21. Of course the genetic code we're familiar with was unknown when Crick wrote this article. But look at it (e.g. on the course web site, Resources and Links). How would you characterize it with respect to length, overlapping, and degeneracy? SQ22. How could you modify our genetic code so that it ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.