Basic Principles of Transcription and Translation
... The discovery of ribozymes rendered obsolete the belief that all biological catalysts were proteins Three properties of RNA enable it to function as an enzyme It can form a three-dimensional structure because of its ability to base pair with itself Some bases in RNA contain functional groups ...
... The discovery of ribozymes rendered obsolete the belief that all biological catalysts were proteins Three properties of RNA enable it to function as an enzyme It can form a three-dimensional structure because of its ability to base pair with itself Some bases in RNA contain functional groups ...
Protein Synthesis powerpoint
... • Splicing itself may regulate the passage of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. • One clear benefit of split genes is to enable a one gene to encode for more than one polypeptide. ...
... • Splicing itself may regulate the passage of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. • One clear benefit of split genes is to enable a one gene to encode for more than one polypeptide. ...
workshop - Dr Amy Yasko
... cultures. Following treatments with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 10-100 microM, 2 days exposure, 2 days recovery), either alone or in combination with the BH(4) precursor L-sepiapterin (SEP, 20 microM), or the BH(4) synthesis inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP, 5 mM), toxic effects we ...
... cultures. Following treatments with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 10-100 microM, 2 days exposure, 2 days recovery), either alone or in combination with the BH(4) precursor L-sepiapterin (SEP, 20 microM), or the BH(4) synthesis inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP, 5 mM), toxic effects we ...
Genetic Biomarkers of Aging Drosophila Melanogaster Daria Solodovnikova
... The aim of the work was to find genes which can be used as reliable markers of aging in different strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Since aging is related to the changes in mitochondrial processes, mitochondrial genes or related genes involved in energy metabolism were chosen. The purpose of this ...
... The aim of the work was to find genes which can be used as reliable markers of aging in different strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Since aging is related to the changes in mitochondrial processes, mitochondrial genes or related genes involved in energy metabolism were chosen. The purpose of this ...
C2005/F2401 Key to Exam #3
... that cannot make lysine. In other words, you want bacteria that can grow without added lysine. You would need replica plating if you wanted to select the bacteria that can’t make lysine. D. Answers: D-1. A B. examinus promotor; D-2, on the plasmid. Explanations (2 pts each). D-1. The same gene canno ...
... that cannot make lysine. In other words, you want bacteria that can grow without added lysine. You would need replica plating if you wanted to select the bacteria that can’t make lysine. D. Answers: D-1. A B. examinus promotor; D-2, on the plasmid. Explanations (2 pts each). D-1. The same gene canno ...
Virus induced gene silencing, a post transcriptional gene silencing
... Improvements of virus-induced gene silencing Gene specific silencing via VIGS system is now used for diverse monocot and dicot plant species. Therefore, a number of viral-derived vectors have been developed (Table 1) and many procedures have been optimized by the researchers. TRV system was efficien ...
... Improvements of virus-induced gene silencing Gene specific silencing via VIGS system is now used for diverse monocot and dicot plant species. Therefore, a number of viral-derived vectors have been developed (Table 1) and many procedures have been optimized by the researchers. TRV system was efficien ...
Abstract
... library that was constructed from the heat-tolerant tomato by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH). Thus, Clone 5 and Clone 29 (LwWun1) were selected from the heat-tolerant tomato (CL5915) based on the results of Northern blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ...
... library that was constructed from the heat-tolerant tomato by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH). Thus, Clone 5 and Clone 29 (LwWun1) were selected from the heat-tolerant tomato (CL5915) based on the results of Northern blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ...
Ch 15 Clicker Question
... B. Use RT-PCR to measure what proteins are present. C. Use a radioactive probe that binds only to certain mRNAs. D. Use a fluorescent probe that records DNA replication. E. Use a fluorescent probe that binds to only certain mRNAs. ...
... B. Use RT-PCR to measure what proteins are present. C. Use a radioactive probe that binds only to certain mRNAs. D. Use a fluorescent probe that records DNA replication. E. Use a fluorescent probe that binds to only certain mRNAs. ...
Gene7-10
... activating transcription. 4. The ability of the repressor protein to bind to its operator is regulated by a small molecule. ...
... activating transcription. 4. The ability of the repressor protein to bind to its operator is regulated by a small molecule. ...
Module 1 - Bioinformatics.ca
... – Alternative splicing, RNA editing, etc. Module 1 – Introduction to RNA sequencing ...
... – Alternative splicing, RNA editing, etc. Module 1 – Introduction to RNA sequencing ...
Day 2 Western blotting
... dithiothreitol /DTT). Proteins solubilised in SDS bind the detergent uniformly along their length to a level of 1.4g SDS/g protein. This creates a charge/mass ratio which is consistent between proteins. For this reason, separation on a polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS occurs by mass alone, ...
... dithiothreitol /DTT). Proteins solubilised in SDS bind the detergent uniformly along their length to a level of 1.4g SDS/g protein. This creates a charge/mass ratio which is consistent between proteins. For this reason, separation on a polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS occurs by mass alone, ...
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... Zw3 stabilizes Arm, allowing it to translocate to the nucleus. In the nucleus, Arm partners Pan, and activates target genes (including engrailed). A similar pathway is found in vertebrate cells (components named in blue). ...
... Zw3 stabilizes Arm, allowing it to translocate to the nucleus. In the nucleus, Arm partners Pan, and activates target genes (including engrailed). A similar pathway is found in vertebrate cells (components named in blue). ...
Relative Gene Expression Workflow
... nucleotides. If you suspect that samples may contain unequal amounts of these, such that A260 readings may prove inaccurate, consider quantifying using a fluorometer and an RNA-binding dye such as RiboGreen®. 2 In order to minimize the chance that different samples will reverse transcribe at differe ...
... nucleotides. If you suspect that samples may contain unequal amounts of these, such that A260 readings may prove inaccurate, consider quantifying using a fluorometer and an RNA-binding dye such as RiboGreen®. 2 In order to minimize the chance that different samples will reverse transcribe at differe ...
Introduction to RNA sequencing
... – Alternative splicing, RNA editing, etc. Module 1 – Introduction to RNA sequencing ...
... – Alternative splicing, RNA editing, etc. Module 1 – Introduction to RNA sequencing ...
03oligomicroarray
... • GeneChips are oligonucleotide arrays. • Each gene (more accurately sequence of interest or feature) is represented by multiple short (25-nucleotide) oligo probes. • Some GeneChips include probes for around 60,000 genes. • mRNA that has been extracted from a biological sample can be labeled (dyed) ...
... • GeneChips are oligonucleotide arrays. • Each gene (more accurately sequence of interest or feature) is represented by multiple short (25-nucleotide) oligo probes. • Some GeneChips include probes for around 60,000 genes. • mRNA that has been extracted from a biological sample can be labeled (dyed) ...
video slide
... • Only a small fraction of DNA codes for proteins, rRNA, and tRNA • A significant amount of the genome may be transcribed into noncoding RNAs • Noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression at two points: mRNA translation and chromatin ...
... • Only a small fraction of DNA codes for proteins, rRNA, and tRNA • A significant amount of the genome may be transcribed into noncoding RNAs • Noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression at two points: mRNA translation and chromatin ...
9/17/08 Transcript I
... You have the template strand of DNA going from 3' to 5' direction and the growing strand of RNA is synthesized 5' to 3'. So the direction of synthesis is 5' to 3'. There is no primer required, but you do need this template. The incoming nucleotide, there is an attack of this 3' OH to the alpha ...
... You have the template strand of DNA going from 3' to 5' direction and the growing strand of RNA is synthesized 5' to 3'. So the direction of synthesis is 5' to 3'. There is no primer required, but you do need this template. The incoming nucleotide, there is an attack of this 3' OH to the alpha ...
Microarray data analysis
... For Affymetrix chips, need total RNA (about 5 ug) Confirm purity by running agarose gel Measure a260/a280 to confirm purity, quantity One of the greatest sources of error in microarray experiments is artifacts associated with RNA isolation; ...
... For Affymetrix chips, need total RNA (about 5 ug) Confirm purity by running agarose gel Measure a260/a280 to confirm purity, quantity One of the greatest sources of error in microarray experiments is artifacts associated with RNA isolation; ...
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Chapter 28 DNA Replication
... At least 15% of all genetic diseases have been associated with mutations that affect RNA splicing. Moreover, the same pre-mRNA can be spliced differently in various cell types, at different stages of development, or in response to other biological signals. (Alternative Splicing) In addition, individ ...
... At least 15% of all genetic diseases have been associated with mutations that affect RNA splicing. Moreover, the same pre-mRNA can be spliced differently in various cell types, at different stages of development, or in response to other biological signals. (Alternative Splicing) In addition, individ ...
Full Text - Briefings in Functional Genomics
... endonucleolytic cleavage (slicing) and/or (ii) translational repression of a target mRNA. The importance of miRNA-mediated regulation is evident by the severe pleiotropic phenotypes in miRNA-deEcient mutants [10–13]. The miRNA-binding sites in target RNAs usually have an extensive sequence complemen ...
... endonucleolytic cleavage (slicing) and/or (ii) translational repression of a target mRNA. The importance of miRNA-mediated regulation is evident by the severe pleiotropic phenotypes in miRNA-deEcient mutants [10–13]. The miRNA-binding sites in target RNAs usually have an extensive sequence complemen ...
- Wiley Online Library
... of CeTOR ⁄ let-363 does not further extend the lifespans of dietary restricted worms, and the lifespans of mutant flies with low dTOR activity are extended only modestly under conditions of nutrient limitation, suggesting the beneficial effect of DR is, at least in part, mediated by TOR (Kapahi et a ...
... of CeTOR ⁄ let-363 does not further extend the lifespans of dietary restricted worms, and the lifespans of mutant flies with low dTOR activity are extended only modestly under conditions of nutrient limitation, suggesting the beneficial effect of DR is, at least in part, mediated by TOR (Kapahi et a ...
DCW11, Down-Regulated Gene 11 in CW-Type
... DCW11 is involved in pollen germination DCW11 encodes PP2C targeted to mitochondria. The function of DCW11 or an ortholog of Arabidopsis has not yet been elucidated. We have analyzed the expressional and functional characters of DCW11 in wild-type rice. Knockdown of DCW11 resulted in reduced seed se ...
... DCW11 is involved in pollen germination DCW11 encodes PP2C targeted to mitochondria. The function of DCW11 or an ortholog of Arabidopsis has not yet been elucidated. We have analyzed the expressional and functional characters of DCW11 in wild-type rice. Knockdown of DCW11 resulted in reduced seed se ...
DNA Before Proteins? Recent Discoveries in
... whether RNA can perform this function will be a formidable task. Alternatively, information could be stored in a more stable genomic polymer, which would also increase the genomic length maximum. For example, Poole et al. (2000) proposed a model by which RNA genomes could be stabilized through methy ...
... whether RNA can perform this function will be a formidable task. Alternatively, information could be stored in a more stable genomic polymer, which would also increase the genomic length maximum. For example, Poole et al. (2000) proposed a model by which RNA genomes could be stabilized through methy ...
Recognition of an Essential Adenine at a Protein
... (1) stacking interactions can rival hydrogen bonds in proteinRNA complexes and (2) the recognition of a single base by a combination of hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions is required for the stability of a high-affinity RNA-protein complex. We have studied the RNA complex of a 101 amino acid p ...
... (1) stacking interactions can rival hydrogen bonds in proteinRNA complexes and (2) the recognition of a single base by a combination of hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions is required for the stability of a high-affinity RNA-protein complex. We have studied the RNA complex of a 101 amino acid p ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.