From Gene to Protein—Transcription and Translation
... Transcription uses the information in a gene in the DNA to make a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. DNA is a polymer of four types of nucleotides, G, C, A and T, and RNA is a polymer of four corresponding types of nucleotides, G, C, A and U (instead of T). During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymeras ...
... Transcription uses the information in a gene in the DNA to make a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. DNA is a polymer of four types of nucleotides, G, C, A and T, and RNA is a polymer of four corresponding types of nucleotides, G, C, A and U (instead of T). During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymeras ...
PART I
... of RNAs containing the appropriate 3' dinucleotide adjacent to the poly A tail.The product is then PCR amplified in the presence of 33P-dATP and a known primer. Of these first-strand cDNAs, only a fraction serve as appropriate templates for separate PCR reactions containing a known arbitrary primer. ...
... of RNAs containing the appropriate 3' dinucleotide adjacent to the poly A tail.The product is then PCR amplified in the presence of 33P-dATP and a known primer. Of these first-strand cDNAs, only a fraction serve as appropriate templates for separate PCR reactions containing a known arbitrary primer. ...
Role of Aminoalcoholphosphotransferases 1 and 2
... Arabidopsis AAPT1 and AAPT2 are 88% identical in amino acid sequences and share ;30% sequence identity with yeast and mammalian CPT and EPT. Both AAPTs are predicted to possess eight transmembrane domains. The AAPTs, CPTs, and EPTs from animals and yeast all share a highly conserved region, which is ...
... Arabidopsis AAPT1 and AAPT2 are 88% identical in amino acid sequences and share ;30% sequence identity with yeast and mammalian CPT and EPT. Both AAPTs are predicted to possess eight transmembrane domains. The AAPTs, CPTs, and EPTs from animals and yeast all share a highly conserved region, which is ...
Role of Aminoalcoholphosphotransferases 1 and 2 in Phospholipid
... Arabidopsis AAPT1 and AAPT2 are 88% identical in amino acid sequences and share ;30% sequence identity with yeast and mammalian CPT and EPT. Both AAPTs are predicted to possess eight transmembrane domains. The AAPTs, CPTs, and EPTs from animals and yeast all share a highly conserved region, which is ...
... Arabidopsis AAPT1 and AAPT2 are 88% identical in amino acid sequences and share ;30% sequence identity with yeast and mammalian CPT and EPT. Both AAPTs are predicted to possess eight transmembrane domains. The AAPTs, CPTs, and EPTs from animals and yeast all share a highly conserved region, which is ...
The Drosophila FoxP gene is necessary for operant self
... gene did not lead to alterations of the gross brain anatomy, nor to an impairment in operant world-learning, i.e., color-learning, compared to control flies. However, both fly strains were impaired in operant self-learning, i.e., yaw-torque learning without any environmental predictors. Neither the ...
... gene did not lead to alterations of the gross brain anatomy, nor to an impairment in operant world-learning, i.e., color-learning, compared to control flies. However, both fly strains were impaired in operant self-learning, i.e., yaw-torque learning without any environmental predictors. Neither the ...
Click
... only one isoform per gene levels welltranscript as total read counts observed for Reads each (fragments) • coverage Assume 1-1(left) readasto correspondence. transcript (middle) and FPKM-normalized read counts (right). (b) Reads are now short, one transcript generates many fragments. ...
... only one isoform per gene levels welltranscript as total read counts observed for Reads each (fragments) • coverage Assume 1-1(left) readasto correspondence. transcript (middle) and FPKM-normalized read counts (right). (b) Reads are now short, one transcript generates many fragments. ...
A Research Strategy to Understand the Mechanisms that Govern
... have been cloned from several plant species. The transcriptional levels of these genes were analyzed via hybridizationand PCR-based analyses. A gene whose expression level differs drastically between white and colored tissues is likely a target for pigment biosynthesis regulation. When no target gen ...
... have been cloned from several plant species. The transcriptional levels of these genes were analyzed via hybridizationand PCR-based analyses. A gene whose expression level differs drastically between white and colored tissues is likely a target for pigment biosynthesis regulation. When no target gen ...
Yeobeyondgenome_final
... • ISREs have positional biases, are enriched in tissue-specific genes, and overlap with ESS. • ISREs alter splice site choice in vitro. • Some ISREs resemble known sites of known alt splicing factors. • A fraction of ISREs are proximal to alternative exons. • ISREs can be utilized to analyze splicin ...
... • ISREs have positional biases, are enriched in tissue-specific genes, and overlap with ESS. • ISREs alter splice site choice in vitro. • Some ISREs resemble known sites of known alt splicing factors. • A fraction of ISREs are proximal to alternative exons. • ISREs can be utilized to analyze splicin ...
Supplemental Data
... different macroarray membranes in two independent experiments. The Pearson correlation of signal intensities obtained from both membranes is shown. (B) Gene regulation induced by Bgh attack was compared in two independent inoculation experiments by using the barleyPGRC1 macroarray. First leaves of I ...
... different macroarray membranes in two independent experiments. The Pearson correlation of signal intensities obtained from both membranes is shown. (B) Gene regulation induced by Bgh attack was compared in two independent inoculation experiments by using the barleyPGRC1 macroarray. First leaves of I ...
Long Noncoding RNA as a Regulator for Transcription
... same gene have been observed in various loci. It could be a general mechanism that the transcripts from the alternative promoters have a regulatory role in transcription of the promoter. ...
... same gene have been observed in various loci. It could be a general mechanism that the transcripts from the alternative promoters have a regulatory role in transcription of the promoter. ...
An Arabidopsis Mutant with a Reduced Leve1 of cabl40 RNA 1s a
... DMA Gel Blot Analysis of the let Mutant a crossover between the marker and let. Analysis of F3 lines showed close linkage of let to the brevipedicellus (bp) marker on chromosome 4. The F3 progeny from 55 individual F2 bp lines from W8 (bp, eceriferum-2 [cer2], apetala-2 [ap2]) x let demonstrated tha ...
... DMA Gel Blot Analysis of the let Mutant a crossover between the marker and let. Analysis of F3 lines showed close linkage of let to the brevipedicellus (bp) marker on chromosome 4. The F3 progeny from 55 individual F2 bp lines from W8 (bp, eceriferum-2 [cer2], apetala-2 [ap2]) x let demonstrated tha ...
Policy for sample drop-off and storage in the DNA Analysis Facility
... Freezer” located in 305 HSRF. cDNA samples should be in a box (not an open rack) and clearly labeled with the user’s name, the Investigator’s name and the date. These should be placed on the shelf in front of or near to the Investigator’s Probe/Primer box. These samples will be returned to the door ...
... Freezer” located in 305 HSRF. cDNA samples should be in a box (not an open rack) and clearly labeled with the user’s name, the Investigator’s name and the date. These should be placed on the shelf in front of or near to the Investigator’s Probe/Primer box. These samples will be returned to the door ...
Ribosome reinitiation at leader peptides increases translation of
... Leader genes play a critical role in gene expression not only in prokaryotes but also in certain protozoans including trypanosomes. In this case, a short RNA with a 5'-cap is joined to an independently transcribed proteincoding RNA as a result of trans-splicing [9]. Long RNAs initially lacking the 5 ...
... Leader genes play a critical role in gene expression not only in prokaryotes but also in certain protozoans including trypanosomes. In this case, a short RNA with a 5'-cap is joined to an independently transcribed proteincoding RNA as a result of trans-splicing [9]. Long RNAs initially lacking the 5 ...
About OMICS Group
... Summary of small RNA expression Total of 618 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected between Brassica hexaploid and its parents. More differentially expressed miRNAs with larger differences in expression existed between Brassica hexaploid and B. rapa, which is consistent with the progenitor ...
... Summary of small RNA expression Total of 618 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected between Brassica hexaploid and its parents. More differentially expressed miRNAs with larger differences in expression existed between Brassica hexaploid and B. rapa, which is consistent with the progenitor ...
Biochemistry
... RNA synthesis is called the template strand(also known as the sense strand). The DNA strand complementary to the template, the nontemplate strand, or coding strand (also called the informational or antisense strand). Since the template strand and the coding strand are complementary, and since the te ...
... RNA synthesis is called the template strand(also known as the sense strand). The DNA strand complementary to the template, the nontemplate strand, or coding strand (also called the informational or antisense strand). Since the template strand and the coding strand are complementary, and since the te ...
SnapShot: Control of Flowering in Arabidopsis
... of SOC1, which encodes a MADS box transcription factor. SOC1 activation occurs rapidly when plants are shifted from short days to long days, but SOC1 responds to other floral induction pathways as well. For example, it is activated by GA and aging but repressed by vernalization and ambient temperatu ...
... of SOC1, which encodes a MADS box transcription factor. SOC1 activation occurs rapidly when plants are shifted from short days to long days, but SOC1 responds to other floral induction pathways as well. For example, it is activated by GA and aging but repressed by vernalization and ambient temperatu ...
Lecture 2
... Proteolysis control of signaling Signal transduction leads to destabilization of a repressor of the response or stabilization of a response activator. This is accomplished via secundary modification (phosphorylation or dephosphorylation) of the target protein that leads to or prevents its detection ...
... Proteolysis control of signaling Signal transduction leads to destabilization of a repressor of the response or stabilization of a response activator. This is accomplished via secundary modification (phosphorylation or dephosphorylation) of the target protein that leads to or prevents its detection ...
Biology: Life on Earth
... exons, which code for the amino acids of a protein (medium blue), and intervening sequences called introns (dark blue), which do not. The promoter (light blue) determines where RNA polymerase will begin transcription. Figure 10-7a Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. ...
... exons, which code for the amino acids of a protein (medium blue), and intervening sequences called introns (dark blue), which do not. The promoter (light blue) determines where RNA polymerase will begin transcription. Figure 10-7a Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. ...
Identification, characterization, and expression profiling of salt
... 1997). Three protein/protein complexes exist for this purpose: the plasma membrane (H+)-ATPase (P-ATPase) and two vacuolar transport systems, an (H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), and a pyrophosphatase (PPiase). The plant P-ATPase is represented by a gene family with more than 10 members, encoding proteins of ...
... 1997). Three protein/protein complexes exist for this purpose: the plasma membrane (H+)-ATPase (P-ATPase) and two vacuolar transport systems, an (H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), and a pyrophosphatase (PPiase). The plant P-ATPase is represented by a gene family with more than 10 members, encoding proteins of ...
The Origin of the Jingwei Gene and the Complex Modular Structure
... Jingwei (jgw) is the first gene found to be of sufficiently recent origin in Drosophila to offer insights into the origin of a gene. While its chimerical gene structure was partially resolved as including a retrosequence of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), the structure of its non-Adh parental gene, the ...
... Jingwei (jgw) is the first gene found to be of sufficiently recent origin in Drosophila to offer insights into the origin of a gene. While its chimerical gene structure was partially resolved as including a retrosequence of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), the structure of its non-Adh parental gene, the ...
Slide 1
... RNA interference (iRNA) detects foreign double stranded RNA (some viruses) Triggers cleavage to form small interfering RNAs (siRNA) Bind RISC and target foreign RNA for degradation ...
... RNA interference (iRNA) detects foreign double stranded RNA (some viruses) Triggers cleavage to form small interfering RNAs (siRNA) Bind RISC and target foreign RNA for degradation ...
Operon Info_pGLO pre lab
... A repressible operon is one that is usually on; binding of a repressor to the operator shuts off transcription The trp operon is a repressible operon An inducible operon is one that is usually off; a molecule called an inducer inactivates the repressor and turns on transcription ...
... A repressible operon is one that is usually on; binding of a repressor to the operator shuts off transcription The trp operon is a repressible operon An inducible operon is one that is usually off; a molecule called an inducer inactivates the repressor and turns on transcription ...
- Wiley Online Library
... silencing complex (RISC); blue ribbon)] (d & e). The dFmrp–mRNP complex could be transported (f) into dendrites after the dFmrpmRNP has been assembled into a large transport complex which is shown with details in the dashed square. Once transported into the postsynaptic region, both complexes can be ...
... silencing complex (RISC); blue ribbon)] (d & e). The dFmrp–mRNP complex could be transported (f) into dendrites after the dFmrpmRNP has been assembled into a large transport complex which is shown with details in the dashed square. Once transported into the postsynaptic region, both complexes can be ...
![[PDF]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008788913_1-0239359bbacadebf550a902d94baa87e-300x300.png)
[PDF]
... silencing complex (RISC); blue ribbon)] (d & e). The dFmrp–mRNP complex could be transported (f) into dendrites after the dFmrpmRNP has been assembled into a large transport complex which is shown with details in the dashed square. Once transported into the postsynaptic region, both complexes can be ...
... silencing complex (RISC); blue ribbon)] (d & e). The dFmrp–mRNP complex could be transported (f) into dendrites after the dFmrpmRNP has been assembled into a large transport complex which is shown with details in the dashed square. Once transported into the postsynaptic region, both complexes can be ...
Genome-scale CRISPR pooled screens
... cell line using a genome-scale library targeting approximately 18,000 genes with approximately 65,000 sgRNAs [3]. This BRAF gain-of-function mutation is found in more than 50% of malignant melanomas, and vemurafenib, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved BRAF inhibitor, was shown to induce ap ...
... cell line using a genome-scale library targeting approximately 18,000 genes with approximately 65,000 sgRNAs [3]. This BRAF gain-of-function mutation is found in more than 50% of malignant melanomas, and vemurafenib, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved BRAF inhibitor, was shown to induce ap ...
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Only after these apparently unrelated processes were fully understood did it become clear that they all described the RNAi phenomenon. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which they published in 1998.Two types of small ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules – microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) – are central to RNA interference. RNAs are the direct products of genes, and these small RNAs can bind to other specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons. It also influences development.The RNAi pathway is found in many eukaryotes, including animals, and is initiated by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into short double-stranded fragments of ~20 nucleotide siRNAs. Each siRNA is unwound into two single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), the passenger strand and the guide strand. The passenger strand is degraded and the guide strand is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The most well-studied outcome is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, the catalytic component of the RISC complex. In some organisms, this process spreads systemically, despite the initially limited molar concentrations of siRNA.RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest. RNAi may be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. The pathway is also used as a practical tool in biotechnology, medicine and insecticides.