Lecture 4-5 Outline
... Differential gene expression: e.g. of 30,000 genes in a typical mammalian cell, only about 5,000 are being transcribed at any time. Which 5000 depends on the cell type. Some are housekeeping genes, all cells transcribe them; some are specific to cell function, such as red blood cells where 95% of pr ...
... Differential gene expression: e.g. of 30,000 genes in a typical mammalian cell, only about 5,000 are being transcribed at any time. Which 5000 depends on the cell type. Some are housekeeping genes, all cells transcribe them; some are specific to cell function, such as red blood cells where 95% of pr ...
Protein Synthesis Review Concepts • Protein synthesis occurs in two
... Concepts • Protein synthesis occurs in two stages: transcription and translation • Transcription is the process in which information is copied from DNA to RNA • Translation is the process in which information from RNA codes for amino acids • Cells with the same DNA can specialize by expressing only ...
... Concepts • Protein synthesis occurs in two stages: transcription and translation • Transcription is the process in which information is copied from DNA to RNA • Translation is the process in which information from RNA codes for amino acids • Cells with the same DNA can specialize by expressing only ...
Eukaryotic Transcription
... • Spliceosomes consist of a variety of proteins and several small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) that recognize the splice sites • RNA splicing can lead to genetic diversity ...
... • Spliceosomes consist of a variety of proteins and several small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) that recognize the splice sites • RNA splicing can lead to genetic diversity ...
Biology Chapter 11- Gene Expression Miss Ventrone
... Much more ______________ than prokaryotes _________________________ Contain genetic information within the ________________ Structure of Eukaryotic Genes ____________________ site of _______________ ___________________ in DNA and RNA **Some portions remain ____________________ coiled in ____ ...
... Much more ______________ than prokaryotes _________________________ Contain genetic information within the ________________ Structure of Eukaryotic Genes ____________________ site of _______________ ___________________ in DNA and RNA **Some portions remain ____________________ coiled in ____ ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... Example: lac operon in E. coli, control genes that code for proteins that break down lactose for food • Lac operons are turned on by lactose and turned ...
... Example: lac operon in E. coli, control genes that code for proteins that break down lactose for food • Lac operons are turned on by lactose and turned ...
DNA Test Review
... 3. If a DNA molecule has the sequence TACGAACCC, what would be the complimentary mRNA sequence? 4. The process by which a DNA molecule is copied is called _____. 5. What is a codon? 6. What are the types of RNA? 7. Messenger RNA is formed in the process of _____. 8. What happens during translation a ...
... 3. If a DNA molecule has the sequence TACGAACCC, what would be the complimentary mRNA sequence? 4. The process by which a DNA molecule is copied is called _____. 5. What is a codon? 6. What are the types of RNA? 7. Messenger RNA is formed in the process of _____. 8. What happens during translation a ...
Gene Expression - the Biology Department
... – DNA sequences that serve as attachments sites for the DNAbinding proteins that regulate the initiation of transcription. ...
... – DNA sequences that serve as attachments sites for the DNAbinding proteins that regulate the initiation of transcription. ...
Chapter 16-17 review sheet
... Chapter 16: ALL Chapter 17: ALL 1. This is a question – Draw out the process of transcription and translation in a cell and use text where necessary to explain drawings. Make sure every aspect is made clear from gene to folded protein including energy sources. Make sure the following words are inclu ...
... Chapter 16: ALL Chapter 17: ALL 1. This is a question – Draw out the process of transcription and translation in a cell and use text where necessary to explain drawings. Make sure every aspect is made clear from gene to folded protein including energy sources. Make sure the following words are inclu ...
Chromatin Structure and Gene Regulation
... • Almost all cells of an organism have an identical genome, but only certain genes are expressed in each type of cell – Differential gene expression – cause of expression of different genes by cells with the same genome ...
... • Almost all cells of an organism have an identical genome, but only certain genes are expressed in each type of cell – Differential gene expression – cause of expression of different genes by cells with the same genome ...
DNA Replication - Texas Tech University
... Do not bind directly onto DNA Usually too weak to act on their own ...
... Do not bind directly onto DNA Usually too weak to act on their own ...
Protein Synthesis - science4warriors
... with in the cell. • The first thing that needs to happen is for DNA to be copied into RNA. (transcription) • Now the RNA contains the coded information for making proteins. ...
... with in the cell. • The first thing that needs to happen is for DNA to be copied into RNA. (transcription) • Now the RNA contains the coded information for making proteins. ...
pdb-d.eng.uiowa.edu
... May end up closer due to bending Typically more global regulatory elements, tissue or time specific ...
... May end up closer due to bending Typically more global regulatory elements, tissue or time specific ...
trp operon – a repressible system
... Gene regulation in eukaryotes is more complex than it is in prokaryotes because of: – the larger amount of DNA – the organization of chromatin – larger number of chromosomes – spatial separation of transcription and translation – mRNA processing – RNA stability – cellular differentiation in eukar ...
... Gene regulation in eukaryotes is more complex than it is in prokaryotes because of: – the larger amount of DNA – the organization of chromatin – larger number of chromosomes – spatial separation of transcription and translation – mRNA processing – RNA stability – cellular differentiation in eukar ...
Central Dogma.pptx
... To make a protein (phenotype) the mRNA is translated with the help of the ribosome (rRNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA) which carries amino acids to the mRNARibosome complex. ...
... To make a protein (phenotype) the mRNA is translated with the help of the ribosome (rRNA) and tRNA (transfer RNA) which carries amino acids to the mRNARibosome complex. ...
AP Biology
... 18. What are key differences between an inducible system and a repressible system in prokaryotic gene expression? ...
... 18. What are key differences between an inducible system and a repressible system in prokaryotic gene expression? ...
biology quiz chapter 12
... 4. If there are 64 possible codons and only 20 amino acids what has to be true? 5. Why does mRNA have to carry DNA’s message to the Ribosomes? 6. What two things are attached to tRNA? 7. Where in the cell does transcription occur? 8. Where in the cell does translation occur? 9. What are three possib ...
... 4. If there are 64 possible codons and only 20 amino acids what has to be true? 5. Why does mRNA have to carry DNA’s message to the Ribosomes? 6. What two things are attached to tRNA? 7. Where in the cell does transcription occur? 8. Where in the cell does translation occur? 9. What are three possib ...
Document
... The enzyme RNA polymerase opens the DNA strands and synthesizes an RNA complementary to only one of the DNA strands. ...
... The enzyme RNA polymerase opens the DNA strands and synthesizes an RNA complementary to only one of the DNA strands. ...
BIOL 222 - philipdarrenjones.com
... A) After transcription, a 3' poly-A tail and a 5' cap are added to mRNA. B) Translation of mRNA can begin before transcription is complete. C) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region to begin transcription. D) mRNA is synthesized in the 3' 5' direction. E) The final mRNA transcript is the exac ...
... A) After transcription, a 3' poly-A tail and a 5' cap are added to mRNA. B) Translation of mRNA can begin before transcription is complete. C) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region to begin transcription. D) mRNA is synthesized in the 3' 5' direction. E) The final mRNA transcript is the exac ...
Protein Synthesis SG
... 22. In what ways are mutations helpful, harmful or have no effect? Give specific examples. 23. In what way does protein synthesis ensure that the protein is correctly made? 24. What forms can a viral genome take? 25. Describe the lytic and lysogenic infection cycles. Compare & contrast how they allo ...
... 22. In what ways are mutations helpful, harmful or have no effect? Give specific examples. 23. In what way does protein synthesis ensure that the protein is correctly made? 24. What forms can a viral genome take? 25. Describe the lytic and lysogenic infection cycles. Compare & contrast how they allo ...
Code DNA!
... This is the process of copying DNA to RNA. The process of nuclear division in cells that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. ...
... This is the process of copying DNA to RNA. The process of nuclear division in cells that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. ...
Sentence Synthesis Instructions RNA polymerase Instructions, cont
... Sentence Synthesis Modeling Transcription and Translation ...
... Sentence Synthesis Modeling Transcription and Translation ...
Know your molecules organizer
... to prevent shortening during replication Recognizes splice sites and combines with proteins to form spliceosomes RNA molecules that function as enzymes Editing complex containing “snurps” that removes introns and splices together exons Binds to the promoter and adds ribonucleotides during transcript ...
... to prevent shortening during replication Recognizes splice sites and combines with proteins to form spliceosomes RNA molecules that function as enzymes Editing complex containing “snurps” that removes introns and splices together exons Binds to the promoter and adds ribonucleotides during transcript ...
2009 WH Freeman and Company
... • Intron removal, mRNA processing, and transcription take place at the same site in the nucleus. • Self-splicing introns happen in some rRNA genes in protists and in mitochondria genes in fungi. • There are alternative processing pathways for ...
... • Intron removal, mRNA processing, and transcription take place at the same site in the nucleus. • Self-splicing introns happen in some rRNA genes in protists and in mitochondria genes in fungi. • There are alternative processing pathways for ...
Slide 1
... fragment of interest can be inserted directly into an expression vector. If RT-PCR was done with generic (non-specific) primers, then a cDNA library can be created and probed against known or predicted sequences. ...
... fragment of interest can be inserted directly into an expression vector. If RT-PCR was done with generic (non-specific) primers, then a cDNA library can be created and probed against known or predicted sequences. ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.