Calvin Cycle
... 8 large catalytic subunits (L, 477 residues, blue, cyan) 8 small subunits (S, 123 residues, shown in red). Some bacteria contain only the large subunit, with the smallest functional unit being a homodimer, L2. Roles of the small subunits have not been clearly defined. There is some evidence that ...
... 8 large catalytic subunits (L, 477 residues, blue, cyan) 8 small subunits (S, 123 residues, shown in red). Some bacteria contain only the large subunit, with the smallest functional unit being a homodimer, L2. Roles of the small subunits have not been clearly defined. There is some evidence that ...
Light-Dependent Iron Transport into Isolated Barley Chloroplasts
... Time course of Fe absorption by chloroplasts under dark and light—A chloroplast suspension (0.5 ml) was transferred into 2 ml Eppendorf tubes kept on ice. Each sample was supplied with 59Fe(III)-epiHMA stock solution to give a final concentration of 0.062 mM. The tubes were then placed in 25 ml tran ...
... Time course of Fe absorption by chloroplasts under dark and light—A chloroplast suspension (0.5 ml) was transferred into 2 ml Eppendorf tubes kept on ice. Each sample was supplied with 59Fe(III)-epiHMA stock solution to give a final concentration of 0.062 mM. The tubes were then placed in 25 ml tran ...
Characterization of the snowy cotyledon 1 mutant of Arabidopsis
... 4 week-old plants about 80% chlorophyll of the wild-type level was detected, indicating that the true leaves of the mutant plant still have a slightly reduced pigment content and that the observed phenotype was not restricted to cotyledons. The same differences in pigment concentration could also be ...
... 4 week-old plants about 80% chlorophyll of the wild-type level was detected, indicating that the true leaves of the mutant plant still have a slightly reduced pigment content and that the observed phenotype was not restricted to cotyledons. The same differences in pigment concentration could also be ...
Protein Targeting into the Complex Plastid of Cryptophytes
... 2002), thereby leading to a preprotein with the ability to reach the stroma of the plastid with an N-terminal transit peptide only (Cavalier-Smith 2003). For crossing the periplastidal membrane of complex plastids (PPM) with four surrounding membranes, two models are discussed, a vesicle shuttling m ...
... 2002), thereby leading to a preprotein with the ability to reach the stroma of the plastid with an N-terminal transit peptide only (Cavalier-Smith 2003). For crossing the periplastidal membrane of complex plastids (PPM) with four surrounding membranes, two models are discussed, a vesicle shuttling m ...
Factors Affecting synonymous codon Usage Bias in chloroplast
... that a plot of Nc versus GC3s could be used effectively to explore the codon usage variation among the genes.28 He argued that the comparison of actual distribution of genes, with the expected distribution under no selection could be indicative if codon usage bias of genes have some other influences ...
... that a plot of Nc versus GC3s could be used effectively to explore the codon usage variation among the genes.28 He argued that the comparison of actual distribution of genes, with the expected distribution under no selection could be indicative if codon usage bias of genes have some other influences ...
binding domains demonstrated in a plant split
... or pea Toc33 (designated psToc34) and Toc159 are purified as soluble recombinant proteins from bacteria, they exist in a concentration-dependent equilibrium between the monomeric and dimeric state (Reddick et al., 2007; Yeh et al., 2007). This observation and the crystal structures available for Ara ...
... or pea Toc33 (designated psToc34) and Toc159 are purified as soluble recombinant proteins from bacteria, they exist in a concentration-dependent equilibrium between the monomeric and dimeric state (Reddick et al., 2007; Yeh et al., 2007). This observation and the crystal structures available for Ara ...
Transport of proteins into and across the thylakoid membrane
... Energy-transducing membranes, such as the bacterial plasma membrane, mitochondrial inner membrane and the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, should not even permit leakage of protons. To achieve this, cells have needed to overcome three major hurdles. First, the substrate protein ...
... Energy-transducing membranes, such as the bacterial plasma membrane, mitochondrial inner membrane and the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, should not even permit leakage of protons. To achieve this, cells have needed to overcome three major hurdles. First, the substrate protein ...
Characterization of Chloroplast Division Using the Arabidopsis
... plants. To our knowledge, this is the first time the chloroplast division mechanism has been described in wild-type Arabidopsis. Chloroplast division in Arabidopsis occurs by binary fission following a sequence of changes very similar to those previously observed in wheat chloroplasts (Leech et al., ...
... plants. To our knowledge, this is the first time the chloroplast division mechanism has been described in wild-type Arabidopsis. Chloroplast division in Arabidopsis occurs by binary fission following a sequence of changes very similar to those previously observed in wheat chloroplasts (Leech et al., ...
Processing of a Wheat Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein
... purified to homogeneity, however, and a different enzyme may be responsible for processing pre-plastocyanin to the intermediate form. The amino acids at the junction of the transit and mature peptides are not the same for the various proteins imported into the chloroplast (for review see reference 3 ...
... purified to homogeneity, however, and a different enzyme may be responsible for processing pre-plastocyanin to the intermediate form. The amino acids at the junction of the transit and mature peptides are not the same for the various proteins imported into the chloroplast (for review see reference 3 ...
Why have organelles retained genomes?
... but some of the resulting proteins are too hydrophobic to be imported across the double membranes surrounding plastids and mitochondria16,17. Another proposal is that idiosyncratic base or codon usage might prevent nuclear expression of some organellar genes, locking them in organelles18. However, o ...
... but some of the resulting proteins are too hydrophobic to be imported across the double membranes surrounding plastids and mitochondria16,17. Another proposal is that idiosyncratic base or codon usage might prevent nuclear expression of some organellar genes, locking them in organelles18. However, o ...
Chloroplasts at work during plant innate immunity
... The chloroplast is a vital component of photosynthetic cells in cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants, since it is the organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts are large plant cell organelles bounded by a double-celled composite membrane with an intermembrane space, called the c ...
... The chloroplast is a vital component of photosynthetic cells in cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants, since it is the organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts are large plant cell organelles bounded by a double-celled composite membrane with an intermembrane space, called the c ...
Biogenesis and origin of thylakoid membranes
... Thylakoids are photosynthetically active membranes found in Cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. It is likely that they originated in photosynthetic bacteria, probably in close connection to the occurrence of photosystem II and oxygenic photosynthesis. In higher plants, chloroplasts develop from undiffer ...
... Thylakoids are photosynthetically active membranes found in Cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. It is likely that they originated in photosynthetic bacteria, probably in close connection to the occurrence of photosystem II and oxygenic photosynthesis. In higher plants, chloroplasts develop from undiffer ...
PBIO*3110 – Crop Physiology Lecture #8 Leaf Photosynthesis II
... chloroplast has a strong feedback effect on the light reactions of photosynthesis, since it restricts ATP formation (photophosphorylation). Reduction of the activation state of RubisCO is also observed under these conditions, consistent with the reduced rate of the dark reactions. When such a P ...
... chloroplast has a strong feedback effect on the light reactions of photosynthesis, since it restricts ATP formation (photophosphorylation). Reduction of the activation state of RubisCO is also observed under these conditions, consistent with the reduced rate of the dark reactions. When such a P ...
Identification of editing positions in the ndhB transcript from maize
... for editing site VI where in maize chloroplasts a CCA (Pro) to CUA (Leu) transition occurs whereas the homologous Oenothera and wheat mitochondrial editing sites show an UCC (Ser) to UUC (Phe) transition (see also following section and Figure 7C and E). Thus, inspite of the homology of these editing ...
... for editing site VI where in maize chloroplasts a CCA (Pro) to CUA (Leu) transition occurs whereas the homologous Oenothera and wheat mitochondrial editing sites show an UCC (Ser) to UUC (Phe) transition (see also following section and Figure 7C and E). Thus, inspite of the homology of these editing ...
the diversity of plastid - University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
... several taxa of marine mollusks and at least one phylum of parasitic protists. The members of the plastid family play pivotal roles in photosynthesis, amino acid and lipid synthesis, starch and oil storage, fruit and flower coloration, gravity sensing, stomatal functioning, and environmental percept ...
... several taxa of marine mollusks and at least one phylum of parasitic protists. The members of the plastid family play pivotal roles in photosynthesis, amino acid and lipid synthesis, starch and oil storage, fruit and flower coloration, gravity sensing, stomatal functioning, and environmental percept ...
The Primary Structure of a 4.0-kDa Photosystem I Polypeptide
... PS 1 particles were prepared from barley (Hordeum uulgare L,cv. Sval0fs Bonus), and the PSI-I polypeptide was isolated from PS I particles as described previously (1, 13). Enzymatic cleavage of the PSI-I polypeptide with pepsin was Photosystem I (PS I)’ in plants and cyanobacteriacatalyzes the photo ...
... PS 1 particles were prepared from barley (Hordeum uulgare L,cv. Sval0fs Bonus), and the PSI-I polypeptide was isolated from PS I particles as described previously (1, 13). Enzymatic cleavage of the PSI-I polypeptide with pepsin was Photosystem I (PS I)’ in plants and cyanobacteriacatalyzes the photo ...
Comparison of transcriptional changes to chloroplast and
... Genes encoding chloroplast, mitochondrial or peroxisome proteins were selected based on publicly available information based on mass-spectrometry, Green Fluorescent Protein-targeting assays, and subcellular localization prediction algorithms. The list for mitochondria was taken from a previous study ...
... Genes encoding chloroplast, mitochondrial or peroxisome proteins were selected based on publicly available information based on mass-spectrometry, Green Fluorescent Protein-targeting assays, and subcellular localization prediction algorithms. The list for mitochondria was taken from a previous study ...
BIOSYNTHESIS IN ISOLATED ACETABULARIA CHLOROPLASTS I
... plast isolates, (b) the incubation time and condit i o n s - agitation should be minimal and the H C O g supply must not become limiting; and (c) the time of day at which the isolation is b e g u n - - there seems to be a circadian rhythm even in the isolate, and beginning the isolation 3-4 hr after ...
... plast isolates, (b) the incubation time and condit i o n s - agitation should be minimal and the H C O g supply must not become limiting; and (c) the time of day at which the isolation is b e g u n - - there seems to be a circadian rhythm even in the isolate, and beginning the isolation 3-4 hr after ...
Article On the Complexity of Chloroplast RNA
... psaA-i gene in the chloroplast (fig. 2A, supplementary figs. S2 and S3, Supplementary Material online). All the transformants were capable of photoautotrophic growth on minimal medium and were not sensitive to higher light intensities, in contrast to the parental splicing mutants which do not grow ...
... psaA-i gene in the chloroplast (fig. 2A, supplementary figs. S2 and S3, Supplementary Material online). All the transformants were capable of photoautotrophic growth on minimal medium and were not sensitive to higher light intensities, in contrast to the parental splicing mutants which do not grow ...
Artificial Photosynthesis - The Mars Homestead Project
... ribulose biphosphate carboxylase reaction to form 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). This enzyme is stimulated by three different changes that result from illumination of chloroplasts: 1. Increase in pH. When chloroplasts are illuminated, H+ ions are transported from the stroma into the thylakoids, resulting ...
... ribulose biphosphate carboxylase reaction to form 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). This enzyme is stimulated by three different changes that result from illumination of chloroplasts: 1. Increase in pH. When chloroplasts are illuminated, H+ ions are transported from the stroma into the thylakoids, resulting ...
Knocking Down of Isoprene Emission Modiies the
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Representative micrographs of chloroplasts from IE and NE specimens are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The typical elliptic shape of mesophyll chloroplasts was more oval in NE than in IE specimens (Fig. 3). The mesophyll cells of IE leaves are characterize ...
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Representative micrographs of chloroplasts from IE and NE specimens are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The typical elliptic shape of mesophyll chloroplasts was more oval in NE than in IE specimens (Fig. 3). The mesophyll cells of IE leaves are characterize ...
RASPBERRY3 Gene Encodes a Novel Protein Important for Embryo
... Plant Physiology, June 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 691–705, www.plantphysiol.org © 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists ...
... Plant Physiology, June 2002, Vol. 129, pp. 691–705, www.plantphysiol.org © 2002 American Society of Plant Biologists ...
CHAPTER 15 Non-Mendelian Inheritance
... a. Many are circular, double-stranded and supercoiled (Figure 15.1). Linear genomes occur in mitochondria of some protozoa and fungi. b. GC content of mtDNA often differs from nuclear DNA, allowing separation by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. c. Mitochondrial DNA lacks histone-like proteins. ...
... a. Many are circular, double-stranded and supercoiled (Figure 15.1). Linear genomes occur in mitochondria of some protozoa and fungi. b. GC content of mtDNA often differs from nuclear DNA, allowing separation by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. c. Mitochondrial DNA lacks histone-like proteins. ...