RNA polyadenylation and decay in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
... significant homology are shown as patterned boxes, with catalytic subdomains designated accordingly (26). The N‐terminus of the plant proteins includes sequences shown in Arabidopsis and predicted in other plants to constitute a chloroplast TP (27). In addition, the plant proteins contain N‐terminal ...
... significant homology are shown as patterned boxes, with catalytic subdomains designated accordingly (26). The N‐terminus of the plant proteins includes sequences shown in Arabidopsis and predicted in other plants to constitute a chloroplast TP (27). In addition, the plant proteins contain N‐terminal ...
Effects of Sulphur Dioxide on Biochemical Activity and
... that of the distal tissue (Fig. i). In contrast, the young, actively growing tissue maintained fairly active chloroplasts even at high concentrations of SO2. The Hill reaction activity ...
... that of the distal tissue (Fig. i). In contrast, the young, actively growing tissue maintained fairly active chloroplasts even at high concentrations of SO2. The Hill reaction activity ...
Calvin Cycle
... 8 large catalytic subunits (L, 477 residues, blue, cyan) 8 small subunits (S, 123 residues, shown in red). Some bacteria contain only the large subunit, with the smallest functional unit being a homodimer, L2. Roles of the small subunits have not been clearly defined. There is some evidence that ...
... 8 large catalytic subunits (L, 477 residues, blue, cyan) 8 small subunits (S, 123 residues, shown in red). Some bacteria contain only the large subunit, with the smallest functional unit being a homodimer, L2. Roles of the small subunits have not been clearly defined. There is some evidence that ...
Multiple Sequence Motifs in the Rubisco Small
... Figure 1. Protein import of RbcS-tp:GFP and E1a-tp:GFP in wild-type and ppi2 mutant protoplasts. A, Sequences of RbcS-tp and E1a-tp. TP cleavage sites were predicted by TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000) and indicated by arrowheads. B, Images of RbcStp:GFP and E1a-tp:GFP. Protoplasts from wild-type ...
... Figure 1. Protein import of RbcS-tp:GFP and E1a-tp:GFP in wild-type and ppi2 mutant protoplasts. A, Sequences of RbcS-tp and E1a-tp. TP cleavage sites were predicted by TargetP (Emanuelsson et al., 2000) and indicated by arrowheads. B, Images of RbcStp:GFP and E1a-tp:GFP. Protoplasts from wild-type ...
Mutations in a Signal Sequence for the Thylakoid Membrane Identify
... Poynton, 1980), but the insertion mechanism has not been described. It is apparent, therefore, that many distinct mechanisms for protein insertion and translocation exist, and different mechanisms often exist within one organism or organelle. The outer and inner envelope of the chloroplast surrounds ...
... Poynton, 1980), but the insertion mechanism has not been described. It is apparent, therefore, that many distinct mechanisms for protein insertion and translocation exist, and different mechanisms often exist within one organism or organelle. The outer and inner envelope of the chloroplast surrounds ...
Analysis of clones carrying repeated DNA sequences in two YAC
... First, a set of overlapping cosmid clones has been assembled into 750 contigs covering 90-95% of the genome (Hauge et a/., 1991). Second, efforts are underway to construct overlapping YAC contigs for the five Arabidopsis chromosomes. The three YAC libraries commonly in use are the EG (Grill and Some ...
... First, a set of overlapping cosmid clones has been assembled into 750 contigs covering 90-95% of the genome (Hauge et a/., 1991). Second, efforts are underway to construct overlapping YAC contigs for the five Arabidopsis chromosomes. The three YAC libraries commonly in use are the EG (Grill and Some ...
Antibiotic use and abuse: A threat to mitochondria and chloroplasts
... (mtDNA and cpDNA), a vestige of the bacterial DNA, which encodes for only a few polypeptides, tRNAs and rRNAs [1, 3, 4]. Furthermore, both mitochondria and chloroplasts have bacterial-type ribosomes that are distinct from the 80S ribosomes in the cytoplasm; for instance, all chloroplasts contain 70S ...
... (mtDNA and cpDNA), a vestige of the bacterial DNA, which encodes for only a few polypeptides, tRNAs and rRNAs [1, 3, 4]. Furthermore, both mitochondria and chloroplasts have bacterial-type ribosomes that are distinct from the 80S ribosomes in the cytoplasm; for instance, all chloroplasts contain 70S ...
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging of Individual Algal Cells: Effects
... the three stages (control in Figure 4). However, differences in the amount of decrease of φPSII values were found between these stages after the herbicide treatment; in younger algae, the decrease was higher than in mature algae. This result indicates that the photosynthetic response of the algae to ...
... the three stages (control in Figure 4). However, differences in the amount of decrease of φPSII values were found between these stages after the herbicide treatment; in younger algae, the decrease was higher than in mature algae. This result indicates that the photosynthetic response of the algae to ...
Carbonic anhydrases in plants and algae
... a-, b-and g-CA. Animals have only the a-carbonic anhydrase type of carbonic anhydrase, but they contain multiple isoforms of this carbonic anhydrase. In contrast, higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria may contain members of all three CA families. Analysis of the Arabidopsis database reveals at leas ...
... a-, b-and g-CA. Animals have only the a-carbonic anhydrase type of carbonic anhydrase, but they contain multiple isoforms of this carbonic anhydrase. In contrast, higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria may contain members of all three CA families. Analysis of the Arabidopsis database reveals at leas ...
Molecular Characterisation of the 76 kDa Iron
... the mitochondrial respiratory chain vary in their locations between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in different organisms, whereas genes for a homologous multisubunit complex in chloroplasts have to date only been found on the plastid genome. In potato (Solatium tuberosum L.), the gene coding ...
... the mitochondrial respiratory chain vary in their locations between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in different organisms, whereas genes for a homologous multisubunit complex in chloroplasts have to date only been found on the plastid genome. In potato (Solatium tuberosum L.), the gene coding ...
Regulation of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase and
... Recent m easurem ents o f the endogenous acyl-acyl carrier protein pool sizes d u rin g stead y -state fatty acid synthesis by isolated spinach ch lo ro p lasts [18] dem onstrated the well know n light d ep e n d en ce o f fatty acid synthesis from acetate [ 1 -3 ] at th e level of its thioester int ...
... Recent m easurem ents o f the endogenous acyl-acyl carrier protein pool sizes d u rin g stead y -state fatty acid synthesis by isolated spinach ch lo ro p lasts [18] dem onstrated the well know n light d ep e n d en ce o f fatty acid synthesis from acetate [ 1 -3 ] at th e level of its thioester int ...
Bioinformatics Tools Review ()
... the sequence above. Click on the link gi|1498054|gb|U64437.1|ZMU64437 (Zea mays novel protein mRNA, complete cds) to see the nucleotide sequence file. The sequence file is in Genbank format. Note that the accession number is U64437 and this sequence is an mRNA sequence. The nucleotide sequence U644 ...
... the sequence above. Click on the link gi|1498054|gb|U64437.1|ZMU64437 (Zea mays novel protein mRNA, complete cds) to see the nucleotide sequence file. The sequence file is in Genbank format. Note that the accession number is U64437 and this sequence is an mRNA sequence. The nucleotide sequence U644 ...
Regulation of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase and Acetyl
... Recent m easurem ents o f the endogenous acyl-acyl carrier protein pool sizes d u rin g stead y -state fatty acid synthesis by isolated spinach ch lo ro p lasts [18] dem onstrated the well know n light d ep e n d en ce o f fatty acid synthesis from acetate [ 1 -3 ] at th e level of its thioester int ...
... Recent m easurem ents o f the endogenous acyl-acyl carrier protein pool sizes d u rin g stead y -state fatty acid synthesis by isolated spinach ch lo ro p lasts [18] dem onstrated the well know n light d ep e n d en ce o f fatty acid synthesis from acetate [ 1 -3 ] at th e level of its thioester int ...
Assembly of the Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Antenna in the Green
... cell by an as-yet-unknown mechanism (Tetali et al., 2007; Mitra and Melis, 2010). The product of the ALB3.1 gene, called ALB3 in higher plants, is a homolog of YidC of Escherichia coli, an inner membrane protein that facilitates incorporation of transmembrane proteins by the so-called signal recogni ...
... cell by an as-yet-unknown mechanism (Tetali et al., 2007; Mitra and Melis, 2010). The product of the ALB3.1 gene, called ALB3 in higher plants, is a homolog of YidC of Escherichia coli, an inner membrane protein that facilitates incorporation of transmembrane proteins by the so-called signal recogni ...
Organellar DNA Polymerases Gamma I and II in
... cause a deleterious insertion mutation. All of these factors combine for an extremely low rate of gene transfer (Blanchard and Lynch 2000). However, the process of endosymbiosis occurred around one billion years ago and has had time to transfer most of the organellar genomes to the nucleus. After t ...
... cause a deleterious insertion mutation. All of these factors combine for an extremely low rate of gene transfer (Blanchard and Lynch 2000). However, the process of endosymbiosis occurred around one billion years ago and has had time to transfer most of the organellar genomes to the nucleus. After t ...
The Biochemical Machinery of Plastid Envelope
... Plastids rely mostly on the nucleus for their development, and the coordination between the expression of plastid and nuclear genes requires an exchange of information between the nucleus and the organelle. Envelope membranes at the border between plastids and the cytosol play a role in this coordin ...
... Plastids rely mostly on the nucleus for their development, and the coordination between the expression of plastid and nuclear genes requires an exchange of information between the nucleus and the organelle. Envelope membranes at the border between plastids and the cytosol play a role in this coordin ...
Plant Chloroplasts and Other Plastids
... pathway, which is only present in photosynthetic organisms and some eubacteria but not in mammals. It uses triose phosphates and pyruvate to form DOXP, which is then the starter molecule for a variety of isoprenoids such as carotenoids, phytol (the hydrophobic membrane anchor of the chlorophyll mole ...
... pathway, which is only present in photosynthetic organisms and some eubacteria but not in mammals. It uses triose phosphates and pyruvate to form DOXP, which is then the starter molecule for a variety of isoprenoids such as carotenoids, phytol (the hydrophobic membrane anchor of the chlorophyll mole ...
Roles of Arabidopsis PARC6 in Coordination of
... As described previously (Glynn et al., 2009), PARC6 (At3g19180) is predicted to bear two TMDs: TMD1 (amino acids 357–377) and TMD2 (amino acids 574– 596; Fig. 1A, top). To analyze PARC6 topology, we carried out in vitro chloroplast import and fractionation assays on wild-type PARC6 from Arabidopsis ...
... As described previously (Glynn et al., 2009), PARC6 (At3g19180) is predicted to bear two TMDs: TMD1 (amino acids 357–377) and TMD2 (amino acids 574– 596; Fig. 1A, top). To analyze PARC6 topology, we carried out in vitro chloroplast import and fractionation assays on wild-type PARC6 from Arabidopsis ...
1. (a) cells if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (b) tail 1
... it has no chloroplasts or no chlorophyll (ii) ...
... it has no chloroplasts or no chlorophyll (ii) ...
Transport of proteins across mitochondrial membranes
... the mitochondria. Newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins carry specific "addressing signals" or "targeting signals." In most cases these signals are present as amino-terminal peptide extensions, also called "prepeptides," which are cleaved off by the mitochondrial processing peptidase in the matri ...
... the mitochondria. Newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins carry specific "addressing signals" or "targeting signals." In most cases these signals are present as amino-terminal peptide extensions, also called "prepeptides," which are cleaved off by the mitochondrial processing peptidase in the matri ...
Efficient high light acclimation involves rapid
... and cell death induction. In addition to information exchange between plastids and the nucleus, the mitochondrion is now being recognized as an equally important player in anterograde and retrograde control of the three genetic compartments of plant cells (Schwarzländer and Finkemeier, 2013) (Fig. 1 ...
... and cell death induction. In addition to information exchange between plastids and the nucleus, the mitochondrion is now being recognized as an equally important player in anterograde and retrograde control of the three genetic compartments of plant cells (Schwarzländer and Finkemeier, 2013) (Fig. 1 ...
The ultrastructure of chilling stress
... chilling stress is no exception. There are many factors such as light intensity, relative humidity and the inherent sensitivity of the plant to chilling that interact and may either enhance the effect or act as protection against injury. Indeed, it is arguably next to impossible to control for all o ...
... chilling stress is no exception. There are many factors such as light intensity, relative humidity and the inherent sensitivity of the plant to chilling that interact and may either enhance the effect or act as protection against injury. Indeed, it is arguably next to impossible to control for all o ...
Kratsch, H.A . and R.R. Wise. 2000. The ultrastructure of chilling stress. Plant, Cell Environment 23: 337-350.
... chilling stress is no exception. There are many factors such as light intensity, relative humidity and the inherent sensitivity of the plant to chilling that interact and may either enhance the effect or act as protection against injury. Indeed, it is arguably next to impossible to control for all o ...
... chilling stress is no exception. There are many factors such as light intensity, relative humidity and the inherent sensitivity of the plant to chilling that interact and may either enhance the effect or act as protection against injury. Indeed, it is arguably next to impossible to control for all o ...
REVIEW - The Journal of Cell Biology
... A. OUTER MEMBRANE" The purified outer membrane, which accounts for ~ 4 % of the total mitochondrial proteins, contains ~ 5 0 % (wt/wt) lipids and 50% (wt/wt) proteins (cf. references 35 and 40). A number of enzymatic activities are associated with the outer membranes (cf. references 35 and 40). One ...
... A. OUTER MEMBRANE" The purified outer membrane, which accounts for ~ 4 % of the total mitochondrial proteins, contains ~ 5 0 % (wt/wt) lipids and 50% (wt/wt) proteins (cf. references 35 and 40). A number of enzymatic activities are associated with the outer membranes (cf. references 35 and 40). One ...
Protein translocation pathways across the inner and outer
... biogenesis of all β-barrel proteins of outer membrane ,whereas Mdm10 and SAMholo complex play a selective role in β-barrel biogenesis as they promote assembly of Tom40, but not porin. Tom7, a conserved subunit of TOM complex functions antagonistically to Mdm10 in the biogenesis of Tom40 and porin, s ...
... biogenesis of all β-barrel proteins of outer membrane ,whereas Mdm10 and SAMholo complex play a selective role in β-barrel biogenesis as they promote assembly of Tom40, but not porin. Tom7, a conserved subunit of TOM complex functions antagonistically to Mdm10 in the biogenesis of Tom40 and porin, s ...