CHEM1405 2003-J-2 June 2003 • Draw the Lewis structure for sulfur
... configuration and hydrogen, i.e. what is the value of x in the formula CHx? Explain. CH2 i.e. x = 2. The bonds would form using the unpaired electrons in the p orbitals. These orbitals would overlap with the 1s orbitals of the H atoms. As there are only 2 unpaired electrons, only 2 bonds would form. ...
... configuration and hydrogen, i.e. what is the value of x in the formula CHx? Explain. CH2 i.e. x = 2. The bonds would form using the unpaired electrons in the p orbitals. These orbitals would overlap with the 1s orbitals of the H atoms. As there are only 2 unpaired electrons, only 2 bonds would form. ...
KUT 101/2 – General Chemistry Practical I
... • Preparation of Na2S2O3 solution and standardizing it • Determination of the oxidizing capacity of an unknown liquid bleach • Preparation of Cu(NO)3 and performing basic laboratory procedures • Reduction of copper with zinc • Preparation of ∼ 0.100 M NaOH and standardizing it. • Analysis of an unkn ...
... • Preparation of Na2S2O3 solution and standardizing it • Determination of the oxidizing capacity of an unknown liquid bleach • Preparation of Cu(NO)3 and performing basic laboratory procedures • Reduction of copper with zinc • Preparation of ∼ 0.100 M NaOH and standardizing it. • Analysis of an unkn ...
How to Assign Oxidation Numbers
... • The oxidation state is zero for any element in its free state. • The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is the electric charge on the ion. All group IA elements form ions with a single positive charge, group IIA elements form 2+ ions and the halogens form –1 ions. • Fluorine always has an oxidatio ...
... • The oxidation state is zero for any element in its free state. • The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is the electric charge on the ion. All group IA elements form ions with a single positive charge, group IIA elements form 2+ ions and the halogens form –1 ions. • Fluorine always has an oxidatio ...
Name - TeacherWeb
... Molecular Orbitals One model of molecular bonding pictures a molecular orbital that is a combination of individual atomic orbitals. A bonding orbital can be occupied by a pair of electrons. In a sigma (σ) bond, the molecular orbital is symmetrical around the axis connecting two atomic nuclei. In a p ...
... Molecular Orbitals One model of molecular bonding pictures a molecular orbital that is a combination of individual atomic orbitals. A bonding orbital can be occupied by a pair of electrons. In a sigma (σ) bond, the molecular orbital is symmetrical around the axis connecting two atomic nuclei. In a p ...
File
... molecule (such as H2O, NH3, or HCl) The small molecule is said to be “condensed out” of the reaction. The monomer molecules bond at the site where atoms are removed from their functional groups. To form a condensation polymer, the monomer molecules must each have at least two functional groups, one ...
... molecule (such as H2O, NH3, or HCl) The small molecule is said to be “condensed out” of the reaction. The monomer molecules bond at the site where atoms are removed from their functional groups. To form a condensation polymer, the monomer molecules must each have at least two functional groups, one ...
Because of the polar structure of water, many ionic and polar
... atoms is almost, but not quite enough for 1 atom to pull electrons away from the other atom. Thus, the atoms end up sharing electrons and this is how both atoms fill their outermost shells. When have 2 atoms sharing a pair of electrons then a covalent body is formed. Covalent bonds are stronger than ...
... atoms is almost, but not quite enough for 1 atom to pull electrons away from the other atom. Thus, the atoms end up sharing electrons and this is how both atoms fill their outermost shells. When have 2 atoms sharing a pair of electrons then a covalent body is formed. Covalent bonds are stronger than ...
Cellular Respiration notes HONORS
... to form FADH2 5. The 4C from step 4 releases an H atom to regenerate oxaloacetic acid, which keeps the Krebs cycle operating. The H atom reduces NAD+ to NADH ...
... to form FADH2 5. The 4C from step 4 releases an H atom to regenerate oxaloacetic acid, which keeps the Krebs cycle operating. The H atom reduces NAD+ to NADH ...
Figure 2-5
... Formed when two different atoms share electrons in the outer atomic orbitals Each atom can make a characteristic number of bonds (e.g., carbon is able to form 4 covalent bonds) Covalent bonds in biological systems are typically single (one shared electron pair) or double (two shared electron pairs) ...
... Formed when two different atoms share electrons in the outer atomic orbitals Each atom can make a characteristic number of bonds (e.g., carbon is able to form 4 covalent bonds) Covalent bonds in biological systems are typically single (one shared electron pair) or double (two shared electron pairs) ...
Presentation - Chem Rxns - stpats-sch3u-sem1-2013
... Change in odour Formation of gas/solid Release/absorption of heat ...
... Change in odour Formation of gas/solid Release/absorption of heat ...
Light RXNS: 1. What is the key event that starts off light reactions? 2.
... 2. What is consumed in the energy investment phase of and what is produced in the energy production phase of glycolysis (per glucose molecule)? 3. What is the carbon product of glycolysis? 4. Write out ...
... 2. What is consumed in the energy investment phase of and what is produced in the energy production phase of glycolysis (per glucose molecule)? 3. What is the carbon product of glycolysis? 4. Write out ...
Chapter 1
... *Notes-The Law of Conservation of Mass dictates that chemical equations must be balanced because atoms are never _____lost__or _____gained__in a chemical reaction. ...
... *Notes-The Law of Conservation of Mass dictates that chemical equations must be balanced because atoms are never _____lost__or _____gained__in a chemical reaction. ...
Title - Iowa State University
... 3. Which of the following statements about catalysts is false? a. A catalyst will speed up the rate of a reaction. b. Catalysts are used in very many commercially important chemical reactions. c. Catalytic converters are examples of heterogeneous catalysts. d. A catalyst can cause a nonspontaneous r ...
... 3. Which of the following statements about catalysts is false? a. A catalyst will speed up the rate of a reaction. b. Catalysts are used in very many commercially important chemical reactions. c. Catalytic converters are examples of heterogeneous catalysts. d. A catalyst can cause a nonspontaneous r ...
Cellular Respiration Name: Period: ______ Date: 1. Define cellular
... 28. Where does the Krebs Cycle take place? ______________________________________________________________ 29. The Krebs cycle is also known as __________________________________________________________ 30. Complete the steps to the Krebs Cycle: 1. The Krebs cycle begins when ________________________ ...
... 28. Where does the Krebs Cycle take place? ______________________________________________________________ 29. The Krebs cycle is also known as __________________________________________________________ 30. Complete the steps to the Krebs Cycle: 1. The Krebs cycle begins when ________________________ ...
Fermentation and Cellular Respiration 1. Define: Glycolysis
... but some organisms use other compounds. Heterofermentative – The term heterofermentative applies to organisms that produce a variety of end products (more than one) as the result of their fermentation activities. For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces both ethanol and CO2 during its fermenta ...
... but some organisms use other compounds. Heterofermentative – The term heterofermentative applies to organisms that produce a variety of end products (more than one) as the result of their fermentation activities. For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces both ethanol and CO2 during its fermenta ...
Atomic Structure (Bohr or Planetary Model)
... organic molecules of the body react with one another • Written symbolically with chemical equations – relative amounts of reactants (starting chemicals) and products (finishing chemicals) – number and type of reacting substances, and products produced • C6H12O6 + 6O2 Æ 6H2O + 6CO2 • Chemical reactio ...
... organic molecules of the body react with one another • Written symbolically with chemical equations – relative amounts of reactants (starting chemicals) and products (finishing chemicals) – number and type of reacting substances, and products produced • C6H12O6 + 6O2 Æ 6H2O + 6CO2 • Chemical reactio ...
Atomic Structure (Bohr or Planetary Model)
... • Adhesion and Cohesion – molecules of water “stick” to themselves and other types of molecules • due to hydrogen bonds • High heat capacity • prevents rapid increases or decreases in temperature ...
... • Adhesion and Cohesion – molecules of water “stick” to themselves and other types of molecules • due to hydrogen bonds • High heat capacity • prevents rapid increases or decreases in temperature ...
Metabolic Processes Unit
... Energy of reactions (What kind of reactions are spontaneous at all temperatures?) ...
... Energy of reactions (What kind of reactions are spontaneous at all temperatures?) ...
ch15-Atmospheric Chemistry
... Free Radicals Acid-Base Reactions in the Atmosphere Inorganic Species in the Atmosphere Particles in the Atmosphere The Composition of Inorganic Particles ...
... Free Radicals Acid-Base Reactions in the Atmosphere Inorganic Species in the Atmosphere Particles in the Atmosphere The Composition of Inorganic Particles ...
The Chemical Level of Organization
... Nutrients are essential elements and molecules obtained from the diet Metabolites include all molecules synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside our bodies Inorganic compounds are small molecules that generally do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, ...
... Nutrients are essential elements and molecules obtained from the diet Metabolites include all molecules synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside our bodies Inorganic compounds are small molecules that generally do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, ...
Details of the Antioxidant Mechanism of Hydroxycinnamic Acids
... monotonically with the increasing concentration in methanol, and they were different from those obtained in ethyl acetate. This remarkable kinetic difference between methanol and ethyl acetate should arise from different mechanisms. There are excellent studies indicating that the reaction rates of d ...
... monotonically with the increasing concentration in methanol, and they were different from those obtained in ethyl acetate. This remarkable kinetic difference between methanol and ethyl acetate should arise from different mechanisms. There are excellent studies indicating that the reaction rates of d ...
CHAPTER 2
... ◦ Since opposites attract, the two atoms “stick” together through electrostatic attraction. ...
... ◦ Since opposites attract, the two atoms “stick” together through electrostatic attraction. ...
Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.