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Chapter 2 - Molecules of Life (Biochemistry) Periodic Table of
... • Giving something away is a “positive” thing to do! • Positively charge ion = cation (ca+ion)! ...
... • Giving something away is a “positive” thing to do! • Positively charge ion = cation (ca+ion)! ...
3 Chemistry
... atom by a double bond, and the carbon is also bonded to two other carbon atoms. Many ketones are of great importance in industry and in biology. Examples include many sugars (ketoses) and the industrial solvent acetone. Ketones are acidic, and if they build up in the blood, they will cause acidosis ...
... atom by a double bond, and the carbon is also bonded to two other carbon atoms. Many ketones are of great importance in industry and in biology. Examples include many sugars (ketoses) and the industrial solvent acetone. Ketones are acidic, and if they build up in the blood, they will cause acidosis ...
H 2 O
... • Acid - A chemical compound that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions (H+) and one or more negative ions (anions). An acid donates H+ ions (protons) to solutions • Base - Dissociates into one or more positive ions (cations) and one or more hydroxide ions (OH-). A base accepts H+ ions and remo ...
... • Acid - A chemical compound that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions (H+) and one or more negative ions (anions). An acid donates H+ ions (protons) to solutions • Base - Dissociates into one or more positive ions (cations) and one or more hydroxide ions (OH-). A base accepts H+ ions and remo ...
Oxidative stress
... associated with increased transcription of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase • Redox activation of DOX by eNOS – The reductase domain of endothelial nitricoxide synthase (eNOS) activates doxorubicin (DOX) by a reductive activation and forming semiquinone and superoxide • DOX-induced apoptosis is lin ...
... associated with increased transcription of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase • Redox activation of DOX by eNOS – The reductase domain of endothelial nitricoxide synthase (eNOS) activates doxorubicin (DOX) by a reductive activation and forming semiquinone and superoxide • DOX-induced apoptosis is lin ...
slides
... broken by random thermal motions. The hydrogen bonds of water are continually made and broken. • Hydrogen bonds give water it’s life giving properties - stays liquid at room temp, has a high boiling point, and high surface tension. • Many hydrogen bonds together can be very strong and are important ...
... broken by random thermal motions. The hydrogen bonds of water are continually made and broken. • Hydrogen bonds give water it’s life giving properties - stays liquid at room temp, has a high boiling point, and high surface tension. • Many hydrogen bonds together can be very strong and are important ...
The Chemistry of Life
... (see Figure 1-4). Key monomers include glucose (also known as blood sugar), fructose, and galactose. These three have the same numbers of carbon (6), hydrogen (12), and oxygen (6) atoms in each molecule — formally written as C6H12O6 — but the bonding arrangements are different. Molecules with this k ...
... (see Figure 1-4). Key monomers include glucose (also known as blood sugar), fructose, and galactose. These three have the same numbers of carbon (6), hydrogen (12), and oxygen (6) atoms in each molecule — formally written as C6H12O6 — but the bonding arrangements are different. Molecules with this k ...
Hole Chapter 2 - Chemical Basis of Life
... Organic molecules • contain C and H • usually larger than inorganic molecules • dissolve in water and organic liquids • carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids Inorganic molecules • generally do not contain C (except HCO3-, CO2) • usually smaller than organic molecules • usually dissolve ...
... Organic molecules • contain C and H • usually larger than inorganic molecules • dissolve in water and organic liquids • carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids Inorganic molecules • generally do not contain C (except HCO3-, CO2) • usually smaller than organic molecules • usually dissolve ...
2. Essential Chemistry
... o But the electrons of the covalent bonds are not shared equally between oxygen and hydrogen o This unequal sharing makes water a polar molecule ...
... o But the electrons of the covalent bonds are not shared equally between oxygen and hydrogen o This unequal sharing makes water a polar molecule ...
Unit 3: Bonding and Nomenclature Content Outline: Intermolecular
... ii. The fewer Hydrogen bonds, the lower the boiling point usually. iii. A single water molecule has 4 simultaneous Hydrogen bonds, so it requires a high temperature to boil, which is good since water covers 2/3rds of Earth and makes up 90% of your body. d. Hydrogen bonds are represented by dotted li ...
... ii. The fewer Hydrogen bonds, the lower the boiling point usually. iii. A single water molecule has 4 simultaneous Hydrogen bonds, so it requires a high temperature to boil, which is good since water covers 2/3rds of Earth and makes up 90% of your body. d. Hydrogen bonds are represented by dotted li ...
Fructose 6
... radicals from a cell and name their cofactor. c) why a defect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the red blood cell might lead to loss of membrane integrity. d) relationships between components of antioxidant cascade including the reactions involved ...
... radicals from a cell and name their cofactor. c) why a defect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the red blood cell might lead to loss of membrane integrity. d) relationships between components of antioxidant cascade including the reactions involved ...
Ch 9 chapter summary
... The word glycolysis literally means “sugar-breaking.” The end result is 2 molecules of a 3carbon molecule called pyruvic acid. • 2 ATP molecules are used at the start of glycolysis to get the process started. • High-energy electrons are passed to the electron carrier NAD+, forming two molecules of N ...
... The word glycolysis literally means “sugar-breaking.” The end result is 2 molecules of a 3carbon molecule called pyruvic acid. • 2 ATP molecules are used at the start of glycolysis to get the process started. • High-energy electrons are passed to the electron carrier NAD+, forming two molecules of N ...
O 2
... 2. H2O2 Decomposition when poured on a wound - The bubbles are O2 2H2O2 2H20 + O2 (catalyzed by the Fe in ...
... 2. H2O2 Decomposition when poured on a wound - The bubbles are O2 2H2O2 2H20 + O2 (catalyzed by the Fe in ...
College Prep Cellular Respiration Notes: H.B.3A.4 Harvesting
... College Prep Cellular Respiration Notes: H.B.3A.4 Harvesting Chemical Energy • The food you eat cannot be used by cells directly. • Cells have only one usable energy form, ATP (adenosine triphosphate). • Cellular Respiration is the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic com ...
... College Prep Cellular Respiration Notes: H.B.3A.4 Harvesting Chemical Energy • The food you eat cannot be used by cells directly. • Cells have only one usable energy form, ATP (adenosine triphosphate). • Cellular Respiration is the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic com ...
PERIODIC TABLE
... 40- When (C8H16) is burned in oxygen atmosphere, we obtain (CO2) and (H2O) according to the following equation: a C8H16 + b O2 → c CO2 + d H2O In a balanced equation, the factors a, b, c, and d have the values: a- (a = 1, b = 1, c = 1, d = 1) b- (a = 1, b = 12, c = 8, d = 16) c- (a = 1, b = 12, c = ...
... 40- When (C8H16) is burned in oxygen atmosphere, we obtain (CO2) and (H2O) according to the following equation: a C8H16 + b O2 → c CO2 + d H2O In a balanced equation, the factors a, b, c, and d have the values: a- (a = 1, b = 1, c = 1, d = 1) b- (a = 1, b = 12, c = 8, d = 16) c- (a = 1, b = 12, c = ...
Biotransformation Xenobiotic metabolism
... (e.g. benzene, vinyl chloride) – Reactive intermediates include epoxides and free radical species (unpaired electrons) that are short-lived and hence highly reactive – Protection is provided by • endogenous antioxidant substances, e.g. GSH • vitamins C and E • antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GPX, CAT in c ...
... (e.g. benzene, vinyl chloride) – Reactive intermediates include epoxides and free radical species (unpaired electrons) that are short-lived and hence highly reactive – Protection is provided by • endogenous antioxidant substances, e.g. GSH • vitamins C and E • antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GPX, CAT in c ...
H 2 and H 2 + O 2 g H 2 O and H 2 O Hydrogen + Oxygen g Water
... Balancing – A simple method Write down the word equation 2. Write the symbol equation 3. Choose one element and count how many atoms of that element there are on each side of the equation. 4. If the numbers do not match you will need more of one of the chemicals. You must write a 2 in front of the ...
... Balancing – A simple method Write down the word equation 2. Write the symbol equation 3. Choose one element and count how many atoms of that element there are on each side of the equation. 4. If the numbers do not match you will need more of one of the chemicals. You must write a 2 in front of the ...
3 BondsMolpH
... pH, Acidity and Alkalinity Water is made of molecules each with two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom (H2O). A water molecule occasionally breaks down into charged molecules called the hydrogen ion (H+) and the hydroxide ion (OH-). The amount of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in pure water and hum ...
... pH, Acidity and Alkalinity Water is made of molecules each with two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom (H2O). A water molecule occasionally breaks down into charged molecules called the hydrogen ion (H+) and the hydroxide ion (OH-). The amount of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in pure water and hum ...
Organic Chemistry Name - Fairfield Public Schools
... All fats are somewhat similar. The monomers of fats are glycerol (an alcohol) and fatty acids. The lipids are the fats, oils, and waxes. Because lipids contain very little oxygen, they can yield large amounts of energy when combined with oxygen. A. Alcohols are organic compounds that have the hydrox ...
... All fats are somewhat similar. The monomers of fats are glycerol (an alcohol) and fatty acids. The lipids are the fats, oils, and waxes. Because lipids contain very little oxygen, they can yield large amounts of energy when combined with oxygen. A. Alcohols are organic compounds that have the hydrox ...
WATER - Biology Mad
... 5. The hydrogen bonds in water exert a significant attractive force, causing water to cling to itself (Cohesion) and to other surfaces (Adhesion). 6. Together, adhesion and cohesion enable water molecules to move upwards through narrow tubes against the force of gravity - a property of water known ...
... 5. The hydrogen bonds in water exert a significant attractive force, causing water to cling to itself (Cohesion) and to other surfaces (Adhesion). 6. Together, adhesion and cohesion enable water molecules to move upwards through narrow tubes against the force of gravity - a property of water known ...
Word Equations • a summary
... Use molecular building kits to look at the reaction of: Methane + CH4 ...
... Use molecular building kits to look at the reaction of: Methane + CH4 ...
Organic Chemistry Chapters 2 and 3
... – , a cellulose molecule is straight (never branched), and its hydroxyl groups are free to hydrogen bond with the hydroxyls of other cellulose molecules lying parallel to it. – In plant cell walls, parallel cellulose molecules held together in ...
... – , a cellulose molecule is straight (never branched), and its hydroxyl groups are free to hydrogen bond with the hydroxyls of other cellulose molecules lying parallel to it. – In plant cell walls, parallel cellulose molecules held together in ...
Section 2–1 The Nature of Matter
... This section explains how the element carbon is able to form millions of carbon, or organic, compounds. It also describes the four groups of organic compounds found in living things. ...
... This section explains how the element carbon is able to form millions of carbon, or organic, compounds. It also describes the four groups of organic compounds found in living things. ...
EXTRA
... concentrations of oxygen (hyperbaric oxygen>21% O2). The process of energy production involves glycolysis, the Krebs’ cycle and the electron transport system for which O2 acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Energy is generated by the complete oxidation of the organic substrate to carbon dioxide an ...
... concentrations of oxygen (hyperbaric oxygen>21% O2). The process of energy production involves glycolysis, the Krebs’ cycle and the electron transport system for which O2 acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Energy is generated by the complete oxidation of the organic substrate to carbon dioxide an ...
Free-radical polymerization
... The absorption steps and the termination reactions are generally not affected. The advantage of photopolymerization and photosensitized polymerization is that the initiation process may take place over a wide range of temperatures and with a greater specificity than is found in chemically initiated ...
... The absorption steps and the termination reactions are generally not affected. The advantage of photopolymerization and photosensitized polymerization is that the initiation process may take place over a wide range of temperatures and with a greater specificity than is found in chemically initiated ...
Radical (chemistry)
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hydroxyl_radical.png?width=300)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.