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Bulgarian Chemical Communications, Volume 41, Number 4 (pp
... from one phase to another. Hypochlorite oxidations and UV/H2O2 or UV/O3 processes are found to be efficient methods for decolourisation, but they are not desirable due to the high cost of equipment and the secondary pollution arising from the residual chlorine, which further complicates the process. ...
... from one phase to another. Hypochlorite oxidations and UV/H2O2 or UV/O3 processes are found to be efficient methods for decolourisation, but they are not desirable due to the high cost of equipment and the secondary pollution arising from the residual chlorine, which further complicates the process. ...
Forever ImmuBlend
... immune system function by addressing all aspects of the immune system from its first line of defense to its last. Each ingredient in our proprietary blend is specifically chosen for the crucial role it plays in supporting your body’s immune system function. It helps the body’s biological defense sys ...
... immune system function by addressing all aspects of the immune system from its first line of defense to its last. Each ingredient in our proprietary blend is specifically chosen for the crucial role it plays in supporting your body’s immune system function. It helps the body’s biological defense sys ...
Chapter 2
... Requires significant energy usually in the form of heat Never break spontaneously at physiological temperatures Enzyme required to break at lower temperature ...
... Requires significant energy usually in the form of heat Never break spontaneously at physiological temperatures Enzyme required to break at lower temperature ...
New substances are formed by chemical reactions. When elements
... Compounds formed from non-metals consist of molecules. The atoms in a molecule are joined together by covalent bonds. These bonds form when atoms share pairs of electrons. Chemical formulas The chemical formula of a compound shows how many of each type of atom join together to make the units which m ...
... Compounds formed from non-metals consist of molecules. The atoms in a molecule are joined together by covalent bonds. These bonds form when atoms share pairs of electrons. Chemical formulas The chemical formula of a compound shows how many of each type of atom join together to make the units which m ...
Chapter 9
... • ATP is unstable because the three phosphates in ATP are all negatively charged and repel one another. • When one phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis (the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water), a more stable molecule, ADP (adenosine diphosphate), results. • The change, f ...
... • ATP is unstable because the three phosphates in ATP are all negatively charged and repel one another. • When one phosphate group is removed by hydrolysis (the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water), a more stable molecule, ADP (adenosine diphosphate), results. • The change, f ...
30.09.2013 1 Chapter 2 Atoms and Molecules Warning!! Chapter
... • Ions with more protons than electrons are called cations. • net positive charge • Ions with more electrons that protons are called anions. • net negative charge • A monatomic ion is derived from a single atom. • A polyatomic ion is derived from a group of atoms with an overall charge. ...
... • Ions with more protons than electrons are called cations. • net positive charge • Ions with more electrons that protons are called anions. • net negative charge • A monatomic ion is derived from a single atom. • A polyatomic ion is derived from a group of atoms with an overall charge. ...
NC PowerPoints - Taylor High School
... pentyl ethanoate is used in nail varnish for example. Ethyl ethanoate is one of a number of solvents used to extract caffeine from coffee and tea. De-caffeinated products produced with ethyl ethanoate are often described on the packaging as "naturally decaffeinated" because ethyl ethanoate is a chem ...
... pentyl ethanoate is used in nail varnish for example. Ethyl ethanoate is one of a number of solvents used to extract caffeine from coffee and tea. De-caffeinated products produced with ethyl ethanoate are often described on the packaging as "naturally decaffeinated" because ethyl ethanoate is a chem ...
Lecture 2
... because almost all the high energy UV has been filtered from sunlight before it descends to this altitude. For this reason the ozone layer does not extend below the stratosphere. The Sun heats the ground, and hence the air in contact with it. It is this reason that the air temperature falls with inc ...
... because almost all the high energy UV has been filtered from sunlight before it descends to this altitude. For this reason the ozone layer does not extend below the stratosphere. The Sun heats the ground, and hence the air in contact with it. It is this reason that the air temperature falls with inc ...
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment - 2015
... EX. Ca(OH)2(s) → CaO(s) + H2O(g) 3. Metallic chlorates, when heated, decompose into metallic chlorides and oxygen gas. EX. 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) 4. Some acids, when heated, decompose into nonmetallic oxides and water. EX. H2SO4 → H2O(l) + SO3(g) 5. Some oxides, when heated, decompose to the e ...
... EX. Ca(OH)2(s) → CaO(s) + H2O(g) 3. Metallic chlorates, when heated, decompose into metallic chlorides and oxygen gas. EX. 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) 4. Some acids, when heated, decompose into nonmetallic oxides and water. EX. H2SO4 → H2O(l) + SO3(g) 5. Some oxides, when heated, decompose to the e ...
Metabolism
... are proteins so are genetically encoded. Each organism undergoes metabolism in certain ways because they are limited by their DNA which determines their enzymes. Their enzymes determine the chemical reactions. Their chemical reactions determine their metabolism capabilities. There is a wide breadth ...
... are proteins so are genetically encoded. Each organism undergoes metabolism in certain ways because they are limited by their DNA which determines their enzymes. Their enzymes determine the chemical reactions. Their chemical reactions determine their metabolism capabilities. There is a wide breadth ...
Document
... 1. Color the carbon atoms black, the oxygen atoms red, and leave the hydrogen atoms white. 2. Use scissors to carefully cut out the atoms. o Build the reactants: 3. On a sheet of paper, place the atoms together to make the molecules of the reactants on the left side of the chemical equation for the ...
... 1. Color the carbon atoms black, the oxygen atoms red, and leave the hydrogen atoms white. 2. Use scissors to carefully cut out the atoms. o Build the reactants: 3. On a sheet of paper, place the atoms together to make the molecules of the reactants on the left side of the chemical equation for the ...
File - Biology withMrs. Ellsworth
... Water provides an AQUEOUS (WATERY) ENVIRONMENT for cells so diffusion and metabolic reactions can take place ...
... Water provides an AQUEOUS (WATERY) ENVIRONMENT for cells so diffusion and metabolic reactions can take place ...
Preview Sample 1
... 80) A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is A) sucrose. B) cellulose. C) lactose. D) fructose. E) glycogen. ...
... 80) A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is A) sucrose. B) cellulose. C) lactose. D) fructose. E) glycogen. ...
APS Science Curriculum Unit Planner
... The smallest unique particle of matter is an atom and atoms can combine physically and chemically. Correlations Unifying Understanding ...
... The smallest unique particle of matter is an atom and atoms can combine physically and chemically. Correlations Unifying Understanding ...
Homework (ALL)
... 17. Some farmers use formic acid to acidify milk fed to calves; acidification prevents the milk from spoiling. If concentrated formic acid is diluted in water does ‘leveling’ affect the acid’s strength? If so, is the effect greater than the effects expected from simple dilution? 18. In which of thes ...
... 17. Some farmers use formic acid to acidify milk fed to calves; acidification prevents the milk from spoiling. If concentrated formic acid is diluted in water does ‘leveling’ affect the acid’s strength? If so, is the effect greater than the effects expected from simple dilution? 18. In which of thes ...
Light-independent reactions - Mrs Jones A
... The enzyme RuBisCO (short for ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) is the most abundant enzyme on earth, as it makes approximately 50% of leaf protein. It is of upmost importance to life. Although you can see that the Calvin cycle uses RuBisCO to combine a molecule of RuBP and carbon dioxide, ...
... The enzyme RuBisCO (short for ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) is the most abundant enzyme on earth, as it makes approximately 50% of leaf protein. It is of upmost importance to life. Although you can see that the Calvin cycle uses RuBisCO to combine a molecule of RuBP and carbon dioxide, ...
Light-independent reactions
... uses RuBisCO to combine a molecule of RuBP and carbon dioxide, as the name of RuBisCO suggests, oxygen can also fit into the enzyme complex. This results in a reaction called photorespiration. Photorespiration is a process whereby oxygen combines with RuBP in the place of carbon dioxide. This lowers ...
... uses RuBisCO to combine a molecule of RuBP and carbon dioxide, as the name of RuBisCO suggests, oxygen can also fit into the enzyme complex. This results in a reaction called photorespiration. Photorespiration is a process whereby oxygen combines with RuBP in the place of carbon dioxide. This lowers ...
Cell Respiration and Fermentation PPT
... Metabolism: is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. – These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. – Usually divided into two categories. Catabolism and Anabolism − Catabolism: ...
... Metabolism: is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. – These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. – Usually divided into two categories. Catabolism and Anabolism − Catabolism: ...
Polymerization Reactions - SCH4U1-CCVI
... Once the first double bond is broken, a chain reaction will occur. In about a second an entire chamber of compressed ethylene gas turns into the polymer, polyethylene. ...
... Once the first double bond is broken, a chain reaction will occur. In about a second an entire chamber of compressed ethylene gas turns into the polymer, polyethylene. ...
8.1 Glycolysis Know the overall reaction: the materials that go in
... Be able to recognize relative oxidation states, which carbons are more oxidized or reduced 9.2 Citric Acid Cycle Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA Mechanism: If I give you the bonds, you draw the arrows. If I give you the arrows, you draw the bonds. Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle Mechanisms: ...
... Be able to recognize relative oxidation states, which carbons are more oxidized or reduced 9.2 Citric Acid Cycle Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA Mechanism: If I give you the bonds, you draw the arrows. If I give you the arrows, you draw the bonds. Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle Mechanisms: ...
cellular respiration - Aurora City Schools
... the gain of oxygen) and reduction (the gaining of an electron, or hydrogen or losing oxygen by an element) ...
... the gain of oxygen) and reduction (the gaining of an electron, or hydrogen or losing oxygen by an element) ...
SCCS AP Biology Summer 2016 Assignment Welcome to AP
... 28. 3.3: The main storage molecule for energy is a triglyceride. Basically, its parts are one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules. Does glycerol have hydroxide groups? (-OH groups) Why isn’t a triglyceride a polar molecule? 29. 3.3: Triglycerides can be saturated or unsaturated. Structural ...
... 28. 3.3: The main storage molecule for energy is a triglyceride. Basically, its parts are one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules. Does glycerol have hydroxide groups? (-OH groups) Why isn’t a triglyceride a polar molecule? 29. 3.3: Triglycerides can be saturated or unsaturated. Structural ...
Radical (chemistry)
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hydroxyl_radical.png?width=300)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.