![Chemical Reactions](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/012037035_1-7a72806db49093358b038ea88fa47bf3-300x300.png)
Chemical Reactions
... Don’t forget about the diatomic elements! (Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F) For example, Oxygen is O2 as an element. In a compound, it can’t be a diatomic element because it’s not an element anymore, it’s a compound! ...
... Don’t forget about the diatomic elements! (Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F) For example, Oxygen is O2 as an element. In a compound, it can’t be a diatomic element because it’s not an element anymore, it’s a compound! ...
Slide 1
... • Reactions associated with increase in free energy will not occur spontaneously – Need source of free energy to proceed – Uphill reactions ...
... • Reactions associated with increase in free energy will not occur spontaneously – Need source of free energy to proceed – Uphill reactions ...
Chapters 6, 8
... obtained a new superconducting ceramic material, YBa2Cu3O7 that conducted electricity without resistance when cooled below liquid nitrogen temperature. Magnetic lines cannot penetrate a superconductor, so a magnet floats above it. Experimental trains based on magnetic levitation (maglev) are in cons ...
... obtained a new superconducting ceramic material, YBa2Cu3O7 that conducted electricity without resistance when cooled below liquid nitrogen temperature. Magnetic lines cannot penetrate a superconductor, so a magnet floats above it. Experimental trains based on magnetic levitation (maglev) are in cons ...
Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism (Part I)
... catabolism is available for work, the rest is lost as heat. Energy transformations are inefficient. ...
... catabolism is available for work, the rest is lost as heat. Energy transformations are inefficient. ...
THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
... occurs are the (1) and those that result from the chemical reaction are the (2) . When two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex product, the process is called a(n) (3) reaction, whereas in a (4) reaction, reactants are broken down into smaller, less complex produc ...
... occurs are the (1) and those that result from the chemical reaction are the (2) . When two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex product, the process is called a(n) (3) reaction, whereas in a (4) reaction, reactants are broken down into smaller, less complex produc ...
SBI4U: Unit 2 Review, Metabolic Processes SAMPLE TEST
... 1. Explain the process of an oxidation-reduction reaction. What is the difference between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent? Explain how this type of reaction is central to both aerobic cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 2. Which element is typically reduced in biological reactions? What ...
... 1. Explain the process of an oxidation-reduction reaction. What is the difference between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent? Explain how this type of reaction is central to both aerobic cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 2. Which element is typically reduced in biological reactions? What ...
atomic physics worksheet
... The bonding of two monosaccharides makes a disaccharide like sucrose (C12H22O11). These bonded rings may go through a reverse reaction called hydrolysis where water is put back in and the rings separate. Polysaccharides are formed as more and more rings add together. LIPIDS Lipids, which include oil ...
... The bonding of two monosaccharides makes a disaccharide like sucrose (C12H22O11). These bonded rings may go through a reverse reaction called hydrolysis where water is put back in and the rings separate. Polysaccharides are formed as more and more rings add together. LIPIDS Lipids, which include oil ...
Lipid Oxidation
... ability to liberate iodine from potassium iodide, or to oxidize ferrous to ferric ions. Their content is usually expressed in terms of milliequivalents of oxygen per kilogram of fat. Although the peroxide value is applicable for following peroxide formation at the early stages of oxidation, it is, n ...
... ability to liberate iodine from potassium iodide, or to oxidize ferrous to ferric ions. Their content is usually expressed in terms of milliequivalents of oxygen per kilogram of fat. Although the peroxide value is applicable for following peroxide formation at the early stages of oxidation, it is, n ...
atomic physics worksheet
... The bonding of two monosaccharides makes a disaccharide like sucrose (C12H22O11). These bonded rings may go through a reverse reaction called hydrolysis where water is put back in and the rings separate. Polysaccharides are formed as more and more rings add together. LIPIDS Lipids, which include oil ...
... The bonding of two monosaccharides makes a disaccharide like sucrose (C12H22O11). These bonded rings may go through a reverse reaction called hydrolysis where water is put back in and the rings separate. Polysaccharides are formed as more and more rings add together. LIPIDS Lipids, which include oil ...
the chemistry of life - Fall River Public Schools
... Ionic bonds are ones in which atoms attract valence electrons so unequally that the more electronegative atom steals the electron away from the less electronegative atom. o An ion is the resulting charged atom or molecule. o Ionic bonds occur because these ions will be either positively or negativel ...
... Ionic bonds are ones in which atoms attract valence electrons so unequally that the more electronegative atom steals the electron away from the less electronegative atom. o An ion is the resulting charged atom or molecule. o Ionic bonds occur because these ions will be either positively or negativel ...
Chemical equations must be balanced.
... Chemical equations must be balanced. Remember, chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass. Chemical equations show this conservation, or equality, in terms of atoms. The same number of atoms of each element must appear on both sides of a chemical equation. However, simply writing down ...
... Chemical equations must be balanced. Remember, chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass. Chemical equations show this conservation, or equality, in terms of atoms. The same number of atoms of each element must appear on both sides of a chemical equation. However, simply writing down ...
Chapter 9 / Energy-Releasing Pathways and Biosynthesis I
... X. The Versatility of Catabolism Use of nutrients other than carbohydrates in aerobic respiration can catabolize proteins and neutral fats --enter at different points along pathways XI. Aspects of Biosynthesis--Anabolism A. The body uses small molecules to build other substances B. These small molec ...
... X. The Versatility of Catabolism Use of nutrients other than carbohydrates in aerobic respiration can catabolize proteins and neutral fats --enter at different points along pathways XI. Aspects of Biosynthesis--Anabolism A. The body uses small molecules to build other substances B. These small molec ...
14.1 The Atmosphere and Atmospheric chemistry
... Significant of HO. In the atmosphere Hydroxyl radical is a key species in chemical transformations of a number of trace species in the atmosphere. Among the important atmospheric trace species that react with hydroxyl radical are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitric ...
... Significant of HO. In the atmosphere Hydroxyl radical is a key species in chemical transformations of a number of trace species in the atmosphere. Among the important atmospheric trace species that react with hydroxyl radical are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and nitric ...
bio ch3 powerpoint outline
... SOLUTIONS: How does the presence of substances dissolved in water affect the properties of water? In solutions, some substances change the balance of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions. A solution is a mixture in which ions or molecules of one or more substances are evenly distributed in another subs ...
... SOLUTIONS: How does the presence of substances dissolved in water affect the properties of water? In solutions, some substances change the balance of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions. A solution is a mixture in which ions or molecules of one or more substances are evenly distributed in another subs ...
Review Guide for Third Exam in Biochemistry 507 (1997)
... 2. Thioesters: the basis of their high standard free energy of hydrolysis. Lecture 25: ATP and Phosphoryl Group Transfers 1. Structures of phosphate mono- and di-esters, phosphate anhydrides. 2. Be able to describe the experimental evidence that in the hydrolysis of glucose-1-phosphate, a phosphoryl ...
... 2. Thioesters: the basis of their high standard free energy of hydrolysis. Lecture 25: ATP and Phosphoryl Group Transfers 1. Structures of phosphate mono- and di-esters, phosphate anhydrides. 2. Be able to describe the experimental evidence that in the hydrolysis of glucose-1-phosphate, a phosphoryl ...
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.
... copies of the cell’s genetic material • Then the cell undergoes binary fission ...
... copies of the cell’s genetic material • Then the cell undergoes binary fission ...
Mattie Knebel Kyler Salazar Jared Hansen Biology 1610 Sperry
... electrons producing NADH. Next, Oxygen is used to break down the 5C molecule into a 4C molecule producing another CO2 molecule. NAD+ picks up two more electrons and produces NADH. FAD+ also uses two hydrogen ions in this step to produce FADH2. When NAD+ is turned into NADH, it releases energy that i ...
... electrons producing NADH. Next, Oxygen is used to break down the 5C molecule into a 4C molecule producing another CO2 molecule. NAD+ picks up two more electrons and produces NADH. FAD+ also uses two hydrogen ions in this step to produce FADH2. When NAD+ is turned into NADH, it releases energy that i ...
Bio160 ExIII Sp09
... 43. Which of the graphs above most closely matches the effect of pH on enzymatic activity (or enzyme rate)? (Answer A-E) 44. Energy-requiring reactions in a cell: a. are found among catabolic or break-down reactions b. do not need enzymes to speed them up c. result in the creation of an ATP molecule ...
... 43. Which of the graphs above most closely matches the effect of pH on enzymatic activity (or enzyme rate)? (Answer A-E) 44. Energy-requiring reactions in a cell: a. are found among catabolic or break-down reactions b. do not need enzymes to speed them up c. result in the creation of an ATP molecule ...
Vitamins Clinical relevance: homocystinuria: B6 and/or B12 and/or
... tightly bound: covalent attachment or strong non-covalent interactions o heme: biotin and lipoic acid (covalent) o flavins: Zn++ via (non-covalent, electrostatic) Metabolite Cofactors o produced by metabolic pathways and used by other enzymes to carry out key rxns: ATP ...
... tightly bound: covalent attachment or strong non-covalent interactions o heme: biotin and lipoic acid (covalent) o flavins: Zn++ via (non-covalent, electrostatic) Metabolite Cofactors o produced by metabolic pathways and used by other enzymes to carry out key rxns: ATP ...
atomic physics worksheet
... The bonding of two monosaccharides makes a disaccharide like sucrose (C12H22O11). These bonded rings may go through a reverse reaction called hydrolysis where water is put back in and the rings separate. Polysaccharides are formed as more and more rings add together. LIPIDS Lipids, which include oil ...
... The bonding of two monosaccharides makes a disaccharide like sucrose (C12H22O11). These bonded rings may go through a reverse reaction called hydrolysis where water is put back in and the rings separate. Polysaccharides are formed as more and more rings add together. LIPIDS Lipids, which include oil ...
Cellular Respiration
... it as glucose. That glucose must be transformed into energy the cell can use, specifically ATP. This takes place in the mitochondria of cells. ...
... it as glucose. That glucose must be transformed into energy the cell can use, specifically ATP. This takes place in the mitochondria of cells. ...
combne etc citric photo
... from the potentially dangerous consequences of exposure to oxygen with elaborate mechanisms composed of enzymes and antioxidant molecules. ...
... from the potentially dangerous consequences of exposure to oxygen with elaborate mechanisms composed of enzymes and antioxidant molecules. ...
9.2 The Process of Respiration
... NADH and FADH2 cannot drop off electrons meaning all NAD+ and FAD are occupied. This shuts down the ...
... NADH and FADH2 cannot drop off electrons meaning all NAD+ and FAD are occupied. This shuts down the ...
Chapter 16.3: Anaerobic Respiration
... – High metabolic rate (as many organs are operating at above resting levels) ...
... – High metabolic rate (as many organs are operating at above resting levels) ...
Radical (chemistry)
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hydroxyl_radical.png?width=300)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.