Lecture 28, Apr 7
... electric charge across the membrane is a form of stored energy. The only path available for protons to travel back across the membrane to neutralize the pH and electric charge on both sides of the membrane is through ATP synthase, an enzyme complex that captures as ATP some of the energy released du ...
... electric charge across the membrane is a form of stored energy. The only path available for protons to travel back across the membrane to neutralize the pH and electric charge on both sides of the membrane is through ATP synthase, an enzyme complex that captures as ATP some of the energy released du ...
Exam 2
... a. without an electron transport system. b. without a terminal electron acceptor. c. without further production of ATP after a few substrate-level phosphorylations. d. in the absence of oxygen. e. all of the above. 27. What molecule serves as the major entry for lipid derived fatty acids from the TC ...
... a. without an electron transport system. b. without a terminal electron acceptor. c. without further production of ATP after a few substrate-level phosphorylations. d. in the absence of oxygen. e. all of the above. 27. What molecule serves as the major entry for lipid derived fatty acids from the TC ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Green Local Schools
... 6CO2+6H2O+ energy(ATP) The complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds Heterotrophs – Organisms that obtain energy from eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs ...
... 6CO2+6H2O+ energy(ATP) The complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds Heterotrophs – Organisms that obtain energy from eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs ...
Cellular Respiration - Spokane Public Schools
... •Where: the mitochondria •There are two steps •The Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA •The Kreb's Cycle proper •In the Krebs's cycle, all of Carbons, Hydrogens, and Oxygeng in pyruvate end up as CO2 and H2O •The Krebs's cycle produces 2 ATP's, 8 NADH's, and 2FADH2's per glucose molecule ...
... •Where: the mitochondria •There are two steps •The Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA •The Kreb's Cycle proper •In the Krebs's cycle, all of Carbons, Hydrogens, and Oxygeng in pyruvate end up as CO2 and H2O •The Krebs's cycle produces 2 ATP's, 8 NADH's, and 2FADH2's per glucose molecule ...
SBI3C Cell Biology Unit Test
... ____ 1.Lysosomes are found only in plant cells. ____________________ ____ 2.The Golgi apparatus chemically changes fats and proteins and then packages them in vesicles. ____________________ ____ 3.In a chloroplast the thylakoids are stacked on top of one another forming structures called stroma. ___ ...
... ____ 1.Lysosomes are found only in plant cells. ____________________ ____ 2.The Golgi apparatus chemically changes fats and proteins and then packages them in vesicles. ____________________ ____ 3.In a chloroplast the thylakoids are stacked on top of one another forming structures called stroma. ___ ...
Amino Acid One and Three Letter Codes - MBios 303
... As you know, some of the amino acid one- and three-letter abbreviations are not necessarily what you may expect them to be. I wanted to post a description of how these names were decided upon in case it helps you study. This information was taken from: Branden and Tooze, Introduction to Protein Stru ...
... As you know, some of the amino acid one- and three-letter abbreviations are not necessarily what you may expect them to be. I wanted to post a description of how these names were decided upon in case it helps you study. This information was taken from: Branden and Tooze, Introduction to Protein Stru ...
UNIT 5 NOTES – ENERGY PROCESSES METABOLISM Metabolism
... The main purpose of cellular respiration is to release energy from organic molecules by breaking these down to simple carrier molecules than eventually to ATP. Cellular respiration can be aerobic – requires oxygen or anaerobic – does not require oxygen. In the case of anaerobic pathway an altern ...
... The main purpose of cellular respiration is to release energy from organic molecules by breaking these down to simple carrier molecules than eventually to ATP. Cellular respiration can be aerobic – requires oxygen or anaerobic – does not require oxygen. In the case of anaerobic pathway an altern ...
Lecture DONE exam 1A MP
... A) decreasing the number of enzyme molecules B) increasing the number of enzyme molecules C) binding to the active site D) increasing the amount of substrate E) decreasing the amount of the active form of the enzyme 35. When white light strikes an orange pigment, orange light is A) reduced B) absorb ...
... A) decreasing the number of enzyme molecules B) increasing the number of enzyme molecules C) binding to the active site D) increasing the amount of substrate E) decreasing the amount of the active form of the enzyme 35. When white light strikes an orange pigment, orange light is A) reduced B) absorb ...
Begin by going to the address below
... On the left side of the page you will see several topics. Click on those topics that are listed below in bold print and underlined and answer the questions. ...
... On the left side of the page you will see several topics. Click on those topics that are listed below in bold print and underlined and answer the questions. ...
Chapter 9 - Bulldogbiology.com
... 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where s ...
... 7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where s ...
What is Biochemistry?
... Transition state has a free energy higher than either reactant or product Cellular chemical reactions occur at a fast enough rate because of enzymes (proteins) Enzymes lower the energy barrier between reactant and product ...
... Transition state has a free energy higher than either reactant or product Cellular chemical reactions occur at a fast enough rate because of enzymes (proteins) Enzymes lower the energy barrier between reactant and product ...
Notes CH 7 - Haiku Learning
... 1. If oxygen is present after glycolysis, the pyruvate enters the matrix of the mitochondria by active transport 2. Pyruvate is decarboxylated: removal of a carbon atom to form carbon dioxide and 2-C acetyl group ...
... 1. If oxygen is present after glycolysis, the pyruvate enters the matrix of the mitochondria by active transport 2. Pyruvate is decarboxylated: removal of a carbon atom to form carbon dioxide and 2-C acetyl group ...
K - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... To get back to glucose, cells liberate 2 phosphate groups. Why use hydrolyases (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphotase) instead of kinases? Can’t we make ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation? Substrate-level phosphorylation is only possible with high-energy compounds like 1,3-BPG a ...
... To get back to glucose, cells liberate 2 phosphate groups. Why use hydrolyases (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphotase) instead of kinases? Can’t we make ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation? Substrate-level phosphorylation is only possible with high-energy compounds like 1,3-BPG a ...
pptx
... To get back to glucose, cells liberate 2 phosphate groups. Why use hydrolyases (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphotase) instead of kinases? Can’t we make ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation? Substrate-level phosphorylation is only possible with high-energy compounds like 1,3-BPG a ...
... To get back to glucose, cells liberate 2 phosphate groups. Why use hydrolyases (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphotase) instead of kinases? Can’t we make ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation? Substrate-level phosphorylation is only possible with high-energy compounds like 1,3-BPG a ...
Cellular Respiration
... Food Molecules • Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol and fatty acids ...
... Food Molecules • Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol and fatty acids ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living
... 1.Spends ATP to phosphorylate fuel molecules b.2nd 5 steps: Energy payoff phase 1.ATP produced 2.NAD+ is reduced to NADH 3.Yield: 1 glucose: 2 ATP + 2 NADH c. All C accounted for; no CO2 released 1.Can occur whether or not O2 is present 2.If present: a. Energy stored in NADH is converted to ATP by e ...
... 1.Spends ATP to phosphorylate fuel molecules b.2nd 5 steps: Energy payoff phase 1.ATP produced 2.NAD+ is reduced to NADH 3.Yield: 1 glucose: 2 ATP + 2 NADH c. All C accounted for; no CO2 released 1.Can occur whether or not O2 is present 2.If present: a. Energy stored in NADH is converted to ATP by e ...
Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids
... the hydroxyl group at the beta position which forms a beta-ketoacyl-CoA derivative. This is the second oxidation step in this pathway and it is catalyzed by L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase. This enzyme needs to have NAD+ as a coenzyme and the NADH produced represents metabolic energy because for eve ...
... the hydroxyl group at the beta position which forms a beta-ketoacyl-CoA derivative. This is the second oxidation step in this pathway and it is catalyzed by L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase. This enzyme needs to have NAD+ as a coenzyme and the NADH produced represents metabolic energy because for eve ...
Other ways to make ATP
... electrons passed down e- transport chain to some molecule other than oxygen (e.g. NO3-, SO4-2). – Organic molecules like glucose still source of energy – Just like aerobic respiration but w/o O2 – basis for lab identification test ...
... electrons passed down e- transport chain to some molecule other than oxygen (e.g. NO3-, SO4-2). – Organic molecules like glucose still source of energy – Just like aerobic respiration but w/o O2 – basis for lab identification test ...
Chapter 5 notes cont.
... acids together into a chain called a polypeptide. • Each link is created by a dehydration reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the next amino acid in the chain. • Proteins are composed of one or more polypeptide chains ...
... acids together into a chain called a polypeptide. • Each link is created by a dehydration reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the next amino acid in the chain. • Proteins are composed of one or more polypeptide chains ...
File
... the substrate(s) As the substrate enters this active site it induces the enzyme to change shape so that the active site fits even more snugly around the substrate (clasping handshake) This “induced-fit” strains the pre-existing bonds within the substrate(s) and promotes the formation of new bond ...
... the substrate(s) As the substrate enters this active site it induces the enzyme to change shape so that the active site fits even more snugly around the substrate (clasping handshake) This “induced-fit” strains the pre-existing bonds within the substrate(s) and promotes the formation of new bond ...
Biol120 Mock Final Examination (v2.0)
... b) A ribosome, both large and small subunits, and a methionine amino-acyl tRNA c) A ribosome, both large a small subunits d) A ribosome, both large and small subunits, and a cysteine amino-acyl tRNA 39. During cellular respiration, by the end of the citric acid cycle, the six carbons from glucose (u ...
... b) A ribosome, both large and small subunits, and a methionine amino-acyl tRNA c) A ribosome, both large a small subunits d) A ribosome, both large and small subunits, and a cysteine amino-acyl tRNA 39. During cellular respiration, by the end of the citric acid cycle, the six carbons from glucose (u ...
ATP-PCr System
... atoms to produce ATP and water. One molecule of glycogen can generate up to 39 molecules of ATP. ...
... atoms to produce ATP and water. One molecule of glycogen can generate up to 39 molecules of ATP. ...
Alpha oxidation
... rearranged to form succinyl coA by Lmethyl malonyl coA mutase. The reaction needs vitamin B12 co-enzyme. 4. Then Succinyl coA enters TCA cycle, finally converted to oxaloacetate, and is used for gluconeogenesis. ...
... rearranged to form succinyl coA by Lmethyl malonyl coA mutase. The reaction needs vitamin B12 co-enzyme. 4. Then Succinyl coA enters TCA cycle, finally converted to oxaloacetate, and is used for gluconeogenesis. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.