AP Biology 2015 Free-Response Questions
... chain, as represented in the figures. In cellular respiration, carbohydrates and other metabolites are oxidized, and the resulting energy-transfer reactions support the synthesis of ATP. (a) Using the information above, describe ONE contribution of each of the following in ATP synthesis. x ...
... chain, as represented in the figures. In cellular respiration, carbohydrates and other metabolites are oxidized, and the resulting energy-transfer reactions support the synthesis of ATP. (a) Using the information above, describe ONE contribution of each of the following in ATP synthesis. x ...
Accelerated Analysis of Amino Acids in Physiological
... should not mean loss of quality chromatography. It is critical that key amino acids such as Alloisoleucine, Argininosuccinic acid (ASA), Sulfocysteine or Saccharopine have to be separated from the other free amino acids found in physiological fluids as they play a crucial role in diagnosis. Furtherm ...
... should not mean loss of quality chromatography. It is critical that key amino acids such as Alloisoleucine, Argininosuccinic acid (ASA), Sulfocysteine or Saccharopine have to be separated from the other free amino acids found in physiological fluids as they play a crucial role in diagnosis. Furtherm ...
Cell Structure
... • Enzymatic transfer of a phosphate group from a high energy substrate to ADP ...
... • Enzymatic transfer of a phosphate group from a high energy substrate to ADP ...
labmuscle
... plays an important role in generating energy for physical endurance to help one survive. It is used as fuel during exercise and recovery. The process in which lactic acid is formed is called anaerobic metabolism because it does not use oxygen. During this process, the body breaks down carbohydrates, ...
... plays an important role in generating energy for physical endurance to help one survive. It is used as fuel during exercise and recovery. The process in which lactic acid is formed is called anaerobic metabolism because it does not use oxygen. During this process, the body breaks down carbohydrates, ...
G. M. Tielens Hellemond, Fred R. Opperdoes and Aloysius Susanne
... otherwise an ATP deficit would occur in this organelle. We demonstrate that procyclic T. brucei uses parts of the Krebs cycle for purposes other than complete degradation of mitochondrial substrates. We suggest that citrate synthase plus pyruvate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase are used to tr ...
... otherwise an ATP deficit would occur in this organelle. We demonstrate that procyclic T. brucei uses parts of the Krebs cycle for purposes other than complete degradation of mitochondrial substrates. We suggest that citrate synthase plus pyruvate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase are used to tr ...
university of east anglia
... Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic theory is correct? [1 mark] a) Electron transfer in mitochondria is accompanied by an asymmetric release of protons on one side of the inner mitochondrial membrane b) It predicts that oxidative phosphorylation can occur even in the absence of ...
... Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic theory is correct? [1 mark] a) Electron transfer in mitochondria is accompanied by an asymmetric release of protons on one side of the inner mitochondrial membrane b) It predicts that oxidative phosphorylation can occur even in the absence of ...
New Functions for Parts of the Krebs Cycle in Procyclic
... otherwise an ATP deficit would occur in this organelle. We demonstrate that procyclic T. brucei uses parts of the Krebs cycle for purposes other than complete degradation of mitochondrial substrates. We suggest that citrate synthase plus pyruvate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase are used to tr ...
... otherwise an ATP deficit would occur in this organelle. We demonstrate that procyclic T. brucei uses parts of the Krebs cycle for purposes other than complete degradation of mitochondrial substrates. We suggest that citrate synthase plus pyruvate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase are used to tr ...
Secondary Metabolism Part 1: Introduction, Fatty Acids and
... molecules needed for the life, growth and reproduction of an organism • Primary metabolites (e.g. carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids) and their production via metabolic pathways are conserved among diverse organisms • Secondary Metabolites are more specialized molecules (e.g. toxins, volat ...
... molecules needed for the life, growth and reproduction of an organism • Primary metabolites (e.g. carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids) and their production via metabolic pathways are conserved among diverse organisms • Secondary Metabolites are more specialized molecules (e.g. toxins, volat ...
Exam 2, Fall 2001
... (a) Decomposition of ammonium nitrate ______ NH4NO3(s) → ______ N2(g) + ______ H2O(g) + ______ O2(g) (b) Combustion of octane. ______ C8H18(liq) + ______ O2(g) → ______ H2O(g) + ______ CO2(g) 2. (8 points) Iron ore is reduced to iron metal with carbon. 2 Fe2O3(s) + 3 C(s) → 4 Fe(s) + 3 CO2 (g) (a) I ...
... (a) Decomposition of ammonium nitrate ______ NH4NO3(s) → ______ N2(g) + ______ H2O(g) + ______ O2(g) (b) Combustion of octane. ______ C8H18(liq) + ______ O2(g) → ______ H2O(g) + ______ CO2(g) 2. (8 points) Iron ore is reduced to iron metal with carbon. 2 Fe2O3(s) + 3 C(s) → 4 Fe(s) + 3 CO2 (g) (a) I ...
Middle East Jeopardy
... This characteristic of populations refers to the number of organisms that occupy a certain amount of space. In other words, a large number of organisms in an environment has a high whereas a small number of organisms in that same space would have a low ...
... This characteristic of populations refers to the number of organisms that occupy a certain amount of space. In other words, a large number of organisms in an environment has a high whereas a small number of organisms in that same space would have a low ...
Cyclooxygenase (depicted above) inhibited by Salicylic Acid
... • Overuse of Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen leads to ulcers. • This is a problem with patients who need to take pain killers over a long period of time. • For this reason a COX-2 specific pain killers were synthesized to avoid stomach problems by both Merck (Vioxx) and Pfizer (Celeb ...
... • Overuse of Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen leads to ulcers. • This is a problem with patients who need to take pain killers over a long period of time. • For this reason a COX-2 specific pain killers were synthesized to avoid stomach problems by both Merck (Vioxx) and Pfizer (Celeb ...
Hyaluronic Acid in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hyaluronic acid and
... respiratory airways. As a result of this distribution, hyaluronic acid has a central role to play in respiratory physiology, and is involved in many homeostatic mechanisms. Hyaluronic acid administered via inhaler penetrates rapidly and becomes integrated in the pulmonary interstice, preventing diff ...
... respiratory airways. As a result of this distribution, hyaluronic acid has a central role to play in respiratory physiology, and is involved in many homeostatic mechanisms. Hyaluronic acid administered via inhaler penetrates rapidly and becomes integrated in the pulmonary interstice, preventing diff ...
Photosynthesis and Biosynthesis
... responds to light by moving hydrogen protons across cellular membranes. Light has both wave-form and particle-form properties, so although light occurs as different wavelengths, it also occurs as particles or packets of light energy called photons. When photons strike certain atoms associated with c ...
... responds to light by moving hydrogen protons across cellular membranes. Light has both wave-form and particle-form properties, so although light occurs as different wavelengths, it also occurs as particles or packets of light energy called photons. When photons strike certain atoms associated with c ...
Amino Acid Exporter: A Tool for the Next
... Amino acid fermentation was triggered in 1957 by the discovery of the soil bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, which produces large amounts of glutamic acid in culture medium [5]. Since then, efforts to produce various amino acids by microbial fermentation resulted in the development of cost-effe ...
... Amino acid fermentation was triggered in 1957 by the discovery of the soil bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, which produces large amounts of glutamic acid in culture medium [5]. Since then, efforts to produce various amino acids by microbial fermentation resulted in the development of cost-effe ...
The Photosynthetic Dark Reactions Do Not Operate
... by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase) to form malic acid. Throughout the day, the malate is metabolized and CO2 is regenerated and supplements CO 2 entering the leaves through the stomatal pores. Plants having this additional CO2 fixing pathway are called C4 plants (malate ...
... by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase) to form malic acid. Throughout the day, the malate is metabolized and CO2 is regenerated and supplements CO 2 entering the leaves through the stomatal pores. Plants having this additional CO2 fixing pathway are called C4 plants (malate ...
COURSE SYLLABUS CHM 521 Biochemistry I 3(3
... The pentose phosphate pathway Glycogen breakdown and synthesis Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism Hormones and second messengers Oxidation of pyruvate The citric acid cycle Anabolic TCA cycle and glyoxylate cycle Regulation of the citric acid cycle Di- and oligosaccharide metabolism Mitochondria ...
... The pentose phosphate pathway Glycogen breakdown and synthesis Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism Hormones and second messengers Oxidation of pyruvate The citric acid cycle Anabolic TCA cycle and glyoxylate cycle Regulation of the citric acid cycle Di- and oligosaccharide metabolism Mitochondria ...
Exam 1
... Therefore, higher values of D will give lower values for the attractive force. This would mean that environments where water is excluded and the value of D goes down will increase the strength of an ionic interaction. Coulomb's equation also states that there is an inverse relationship between the d ...
... Therefore, higher values of D will give lower values for the attractive force. This would mean that environments where water is excluded and the value of D goes down will increase the strength of an ionic interaction. Coulomb's equation also states that there is an inverse relationship between the d ...
Macromolecules
... How are monosaccharides used differently in humans than polysaccharides? How are they structurally different from each other? List, in order, the types of macromolecules by their effectiveness of energy usage? (What does our body use ...
... How are monosaccharides used differently in humans than polysaccharides? How are they structurally different from each other? List, in order, the types of macromolecules by their effectiveness of energy usage? (What does our body use ...
Text S1.
... genes for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. CCMP1779 also appears to synthesize branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) by a common pathway starting with two molecules of pyruvate to form one molecule of Val or Leu, and one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of Thr-derived 2-oxobutanotate for Ile (Fig ...
... genes for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. CCMP1779 also appears to synthesize branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) by a common pathway starting with two molecules of pyruvate to form one molecule of Val or Leu, and one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of Thr-derived 2-oxobutanotate for Ile (Fig ...
Flashback - Max-Planck
... this way, glycolysis brought Meyerhof back to the beginnings of his physiological research. The productive working relationship between Lohmann and Meyerhof came to an abrupt end due to the changed political circumstances of Nazi Germany. On November 16, 1935, Meyerhof received a letter from Baden’s ...
... this way, glycolysis brought Meyerhof back to the beginnings of his physiological research. The productive working relationship between Lohmann and Meyerhof came to an abrupt end due to the changed political circumstances of Nazi Germany. On November 16, 1935, Meyerhof received a letter from Baden’s ...
Chapter 9
... Concept 9.3: After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion (in eukaryotic cells) where the oxidation of glucose is completed ...
... Concept 9.3: After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion (in eukaryotic cells) where the oxidation of glucose is completed ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.