All Living things pass on their genetic heritage by common
... The genetic code is universal (with minor differences in mitochondria and ciliated protozoa) and degenerate (i.e. more than one codon per amino acid). Translation of mRNA into polypeptides ...
... The genetic code is universal (with minor differences in mitochondria and ciliated protozoa) and degenerate (i.e. more than one codon per amino acid). Translation of mRNA into polypeptides ...
Chapter 5: What are the major types of organic molecules?
... 2. other terpenes/terpenoids include natural rubber and “essential oils” such as plant fragrances and many spices 3. steroids are terpene derivatives that contain four rings of carbon atoms side chains extend from the rings; length and structure of the side chains varies one type of steroid, cho ...
... 2. other terpenes/terpenoids include natural rubber and “essential oils” such as plant fragrances and many spices 3. steroids are terpene derivatives that contain four rings of carbon atoms side chains extend from the rings; length and structure of the side chains varies one type of steroid, cho ...
Antiprotozoal agents
... South American trypanosomiasis which is called ( chagas disease) caused by Trypanosome cruzi (in early stage) ...
... South American trypanosomiasis which is called ( chagas disease) caused by Trypanosome cruzi (in early stage) ...
Document
... • Maple syrup urine disease (branched-chain ketonuria) – α-keto acid decarboxylase complex – Plasma and urinary levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, α-keto acids, and α-hydroxy acids (reduced α-keto acids) are elevated ...
... • Maple syrup urine disease (branched-chain ketonuria) – α-keto acid decarboxylase complex – Plasma and urinary levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, α-keto acids, and α-hydroxy acids (reduced α-keto acids) are elevated ...
2 H
... • Cytochrome oxidase catalyzes the reduction of a final electron acceptor, oxygen • An artifcial e- donor, phenylenediamine, is used to reduce the cytochrome oxidase • If the enzyme is present, the colorless reagent (reduced state) will turn blue (oxidized state) ...
... • Cytochrome oxidase catalyzes the reduction of a final electron acceptor, oxygen • An artifcial e- donor, phenylenediamine, is used to reduce the cytochrome oxidase • If the enzyme is present, the colorless reagent (reduced state) will turn blue (oxidized state) ...
H - IS MU
... Acyl-CoA itself cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane; instead, acyl groups are transferred to carnitine, transported across the membrane as acylcarnitine, and transferred back to CoA within the mitochondrial matrix. Short-chain fatty acids (4 – 10 carbon atoms) do not require the carnitine ...
... Acyl-CoA itself cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane; instead, acyl groups are transferred to carnitine, transported across the membrane as acylcarnitine, and transferred back to CoA within the mitochondrial matrix. Short-chain fatty acids (4 – 10 carbon atoms) do not require the carnitine ...
SECTION 2 - CELL FUNCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT
... substrate into product per minute under standardized conditions. To assay the enzyme activity, the appropriate cofactors or coenzymes must be provided, the pH and temperature must be standardized, and the concentration of the substrate must be very large relative to the concentration of the enzyme. ...
... substrate into product per minute under standardized conditions. To assay the enzyme activity, the appropriate cofactors or coenzymes must be provided, the pH and temperature must be standardized, and the concentration of the substrate must be very large relative to the concentration of the enzyme. ...
SECTION 2 - CELL FUNCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT
... substrate into product per minute under standardized conditions. To assay the enzyme activity, the appropriate cofactors or coenzymes must be provided, the pH and temperature must be standardized, and the concentration of the substrate must be very large relative to the concentration of the enzyme. ...
... substrate into product per minute under standardized conditions. To assay the enzyme activity, the appropriate cofactors or coenzymes must be provided, the pH and temperature must be standardized, and the concentration of the substrate must be very large relative to the concentration of the enzyme. ...
S.G. Key Final - USC Upstate: Faculty
... a) Humans produce carbon dioxide (CO2) as one of the products in the breakdown of molecules. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce carbonic acid. H2O(l) + CO2 (aq) H2CO3(aq) The acid then dissociates in water to yield hydronium ions (H3O+), which causes the venous blood to become more acidic ...
... a) Humans produce carbon dioxide (CO2) as one of the products in the breakdown of molecules. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce carbonic acid. H2O(l) + CO2 (aq) H2CO3(aq) The acid then dissociates in water to yield hydronium ions (H3O+), which causes the venous blood to become more acidic ...
Sept 19th Lecture 4
... Greater energy yield during aerobic breakdown due to: 1.Complete oxidation of C atoms to CO2 2.A high positive reduction potential. A large difference between e- donor and oxygen. (the steepest electron “hill”) ...
... Greater energy yield during aerobic breakdown due to: 1.Complete oxidation of C atoms to CO2 2.A high positive reduction potential. A large difference between e- donor and oxygen. (the steepest electron “hill”) ...
Lecture 9 Fatty Acid Synthesis
... Biotin-Dependent Carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Biotin: water soluble vitamin – functions as a CO2 carrier for several important reactions including: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Propionyl CoA carboxylase ...
... Biotin-Dependent Carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Biotin: water soluble vitamin – functions as a CO2 carrier for several important reactions including: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Propionyl CoA carboxylase ...
Acetylation
... alkaloids, spices). They enter the body usually by ingestion, inhalation, or penetrate occasionally through the skin, sometimes inadvertently, or may be taken deliberately as drugs. ...
... alkaloids, spices). They enter the body usually by ingestion, inhalation, or penetrate occasionally through the skin, sometimes inadvertently, or may be taken deliberately as drugs. ...
"Fermentation Pathways". In: Microbial Physiology (Fourth Edition)
... neutral or slightly acid pH and an anaerobic environment. The major products formed under these conditions are carbon dioxide and ethanol. The sequence of reactions involved in this pathway is presented in Figure 8-1. However, certain facets of the alcoholic fermentation of yeast bear additional con ...
... neutral or slightly acid pH and an anaerobic environment. The major products formed under these conditions are carbon dioxide and ethanol. The sequence of reactions involved in this pathway is presented in Figure 8-1. However, certain facets of the alcoholic fermentation of yeast bear additional con ...
Concept Analysis Diagram * Acid Base Balance
... 1. Explain the concept of Acid Base Balance (including definition, antecedents, and attributes). 2. Identify the normal adult values for arterial and mixed venous blood gases at sea level. 3. Describe the influence of the respiratory system on Acid Base Balance and respiratory regulation of H+. 4. D ...
... 1. Explain the concept of Acid Base Balance (including definition, antecedents, and attributes). 2. Identify the normal adult values for arterial and mixed venous blood gases at sea level. 3. Describe the influence of the respiratory system on Acid Base Balance and respiratory regulation of H+. 4. D ...
Biochemistry 2EE3 Metabolism and Physiological Chemistry 2002
... Learning objectives: Understanding principles of structure and function of biological macromolecules, energy production and utilization by living orga nisms, metabolic pathways, and mechanisms of integration and regulation of metabolism Evaluation of student performance will be based on two tests an ...
... Learning objectives: Understanding principles of structure and function of biological macromolecules, energy production and utilization by living orga nisms, metabolic pathways, and mechanisms of integration and regulation of metabolism Evaluation of student performance will be based on two tests an ...
Bio130_MidtermReviewPart3
... based on three catabolic pathways that convert glucose to CO2 and gives off energy • Aerobic respiration – glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, respiratory chain • Anaerobic respiration – glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, respiratory chain; molecular oxygen is not the final electron acceptor • Fermentation – g ...
... based on three catabolic pathways that convert glucose to CO2 and gives off energy • Aerobic respiration – glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, respiratory chain • Anaerobic respiration – glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, respiratory chain; molecular oxygen is not the final electron acceptor • Fermentation – g ...
answers_ch04
... Patrick: An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry 3/e Chapter 4: Proteins as drug targets – enzymes Answers 1) The enzyme catalysed reduction of an aldehyde requires one equivalent of the cofactor NADH, which is oxidised to NAD+. However, if ethanol is added to the reaction, aldehyde dehydrogenase can ...
... Patrick: An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry 3/e Chapter 4: Proteins as drug targets – enzymes Answers 1) The enzyme catalysed reduction of an aldehyde requires one equivalent of the cofactor NADH, which is oxidised to NAD+. However, if ethanol is added to the reaction, aldehyde dehydrogenase can ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... 䉴 Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration. During glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of the compound pyruvate. In eukaryotic cells, as shown here, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrion. There it is oxidized to acetyl CoA, which is further oxidized to CO2 in th ...
... 䉴 Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration. During glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of the compound pyruvate. In eukaryotic cells, as shown here, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrion. There it is oxidized to acetyl CoA, which is further oxidized to CO2 in th ...
الشريحة 1
... Reaction of amino acids 1) Amphoteric character of amino acid Amino acids are amphoteric because it contains both acidic –COOH thus it is present in an inner salt (B) which is , group and basic group –NH2 Zeitter ion called ...
... Reaction of amino acids 1) Amphoteric character of amino acid Amino acids are amphoteric because it contains both acidic –COOH thus it is present in an inner salt (B) which is , group and basic group –NH2 Zeitter ion called ...
Aminoaciduria
... Amino acids whose catabolism yields pyruvate or one of the intermediates of citric acid cycle i.e. substrates of gluconeogenesis & therefore can give rise to GLUCOSE Ketogenic Amino Acids Amino Acids whose catabolism Yields acetyl CoA or acetoactyl CoA i.e. finally give rise to ketone bodies Leucine ...
... Amino acids whose catabolism yields pyruvate or one of the intermediates of citric acid cycle i.e. substrates of gluconeogenesis & therefore can give rise to GLUCOSE Ketogenic Amino Acids Amino Acids whose catabolism Yields acetyl CoA or acetoactyl CoA i.e. finally give rise to ketone bodies Leucine ...
الشريحة 1
... Reaction of amino acids 1) Amphoteric character of amino acid Amino acids are amphoteric because it contains both acidic –COOH thus it is present in an inner salt (B) which is , group and basic group –NH2 Zeitter ion called ...
... Reaction of amino acids 1) Amphoteric character of amino acid Amino acids are amphoteric because it contains both acidic –COOH thus it is present in an inner salt (B) which is , group and basic group –NH2 Zeitter ion called ...
physiology – metabolism
... E. All of the above 14. Excretion of the following substance does NOT reduce in starvation: A. Urea B. Uric acid C. Creatinine D. Etheral sulfate E. All of the above 15. Prolonged starvation in non-diabetic man is NOT characterized by: A. Ketosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Glycogen depletion D. Protein cata ...
... E. All of the above 14. Excretion of the following substance does NOT reduce in starvation: A. Urea B. Uric acid C. Creatinine D. Etheral sulfate E. All of the above 15. Prolonged starvation in non-diabetic man is NOT characterized by: A. Ketosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Glycogen depletion D. Protein cata ...
SECTION – A Q. 1 – Q.10 carry one mark each.
... How many of the following statements are TRUE? _____ (i) On average, one out of four offsprings of heterozygous parents will be homozygous recessive (ii) The yellow allele is dominant over the green one. However, this does not completely explain why three are yellow and one is green. (iii) The green ...
... How many of the following statements are TRUE? _____ (i) On average, one out of four offsprings of heterozygous parents will be homozygous recessive (ii) The yellow allele is dominant over the green one. However, this does not completely explain why three are yellow and one is green. (iii) The green ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.