Vitamins and Coenzymes - KSU - Home
... Structure of β-Carbonic Anhydrase • Found in plans which is an evolutionarily distinct enzyme but participates in the same reaction and also uses a Zn2+ in its active site • It helps raise the concentration of CO2 within the chloroplast to increase the carboxylation rate of the enzyme Rubisco • It ...
... Structure of β-Carbonic Anhydrase • Found in plans which is an evolutionarily distinct enzyme but participates in the same reaction and also uses a Zn2+ in its active site • It helps raise the concentration of CO2 within the chloroplast to increase the carboxylation rate of the enzyme Rubisco • It ...
metabolism of lipids
... Iron-high agar Agar turns black when H2S +, no color change when H2S – E.g. Salmonella sp; some Proteus sp. ...
... Iron-high agar Agar turns black when H2S +, no color change when H2S – E.g. Salmonella sp; some Proteus sp. ...
Cellular respiration
... where CO2 is reduced and H2O is oxidized, resulting in carbohydrate and oxygen. ...
... where CO2 is reduced and H2O is oxidized, resulting in carbohydrate and oxygen. ...
Module 13 Enzymes and Vitamins Lecture 34 Enzymes
... These interactions are to strong enough to hold the substrate for the reaction to take place, but weak enough to allow the product to depart once it is produced. The amino acids present in the active site also assist in the reaction mechanism. For example, nucleophilic amino acid such as serine is c ...
... These interactions are to strong enough to hold the substrate for the reaction to take place, but weak enough to allow the product to depart once it is produced. The amino acids present in the active site also assist in the reaction mechanism. For example, nucleophilic amino acid such as serine is c ...
Key Area 8 Respiration
... Stage 1- Glycolysis • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. • It is the sequence of reactions that converts 6 carbon glucose molecule into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules with the production of a relatively small amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ...
... Stage 1- Glycolysis • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. • It is the sequence of reactions that converts 6 carbon glucose molecule into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules with the production of a relatively small amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ...
Chapter 18
... glucose and fatty acids as well as needed for cellular growth. c. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)—part of coenzymes NAD and NADP needed for oxidation of glucose and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. d. Vitamin B6 –coenzyme needed for synthesis of proteins and various amino acids as well as for ...
... glucose and fatty acids as well as needed for cellular growth. c. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)—part of coenzymes NAD and NADP needed for oxidation of glucose and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. d. Vitamin B6 –coenzyme needed for synthesis of proteins and various amino acids as well as for ...
Cellular respiration
... where CO2 is reduced and H2O is oxidized, resulting in carbohydrate and oxygen. ...
... where CO2 is reduced and H2O is oxidized, resulting in carbohydrate and oxygen. ...
Chapter 14 cycles
... formation of a stable organic matter fraction, humus. Humus turns over slowly, at a rate of 3 to 5% per year. In addition to mineralization to CO2, a number of small carbon molecules are formed largely as a result of anaerobic activities and in some instances as a result of anthropogenic activity. T ...
... formation of a stable organic matter fraction, humus. Humus turns over slowly, at a rate of 3 to 5% per year. In addition to mineralization to CO2, a number of small carbon molecules are formed largely as a result of anaerobic activities and in some instances as a result of anthropogenic activity. T ...
PPT Oxidation
... • What you must be able to do is look at a redox reaction and separate out the two half-reactions in it. To do that, identify the atoms which get reduced and get oxidized. Here are the two halfreactions from the example: Ag+ ---> Ag Cu ---> Cu2+ • The silver is being reduced, its oxidation number g ...
... • What you must be able to do is look at a redox reaction and separate out the two half-reactions in it. To do that, identify the atoms which get reduced and get oxidized. Here are the two halfreactions from the example: Ag+ ---> Ag Cu ---> Cu2+ • The silver is being reduced, its oxidation number g ...
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... • The liver is a glucose buffer for the blood. Its activity assures constant glucose concentration (approx. 5mM) in the blood. o Glucokinase, a liver-specific enzyme whose biosynthesis is induced by insulin in response to high blood glucose levels, has a high Km (about 10 mM) and high Vmax for gluco ...
... • The liver is a glucose buffer for the blood. Its activity assures constant glucose concentration (approx. 5mM) in the blood. o Glucokinase, a liver-specific enzyme whose biosynthesis is induced by insulin in response to high blood glucose levels, has a high Km (about 10 mM) and high Vmax for gluco ...
PPT Oxidation
... • What you must be able to do is look at a redox reaction and separate out the two half-reactions in it. To do that, identify the atoms which get reduced and get oxidized. Here are the two halfreactions from the example: Ag+ ---> Ag Cu ---> Cu2+ • The silver is being reduced, its oxidation number g ...
... • What you must be able to do is look at a redox reaction and separate out the two half-reactions in it. To do that, identify the atoms which get reduced and get oxidized. Here are the two halfreactions from the example: Ag+ ---> Ag Cu ---> Cu2+ • The silver is being reduced, its oxidation number g ...
Chapter 1
... Metabolism of Lipoproteins – Domains of LDL receptor • Domain 1 - furthest from membrane, contains NH2 terminal of receptor, & rich in cysteine residues • Domain 2 - made of 350 amino acids, possibly site of N-linked glycosylation • Domain 3 - immediately outside plasma membrane, site of O-linked g ...
... Metabolism of Lipoproteins – Domains of LDL receptor • Domain 1 - furthest from membrane, contains NH2 terminal of receptor, & rich in cysteine residues • Domain 2 - made of 350 amino acids, possibly site of N-linked glycosylation • Domain 3 - immediately outside plasma membrane, site of O-linked g ...
Lecture 11 We started to discuss alkaloids possessing pipyridine
... In the past they were studying enolate alkaloids originated from ornithine, lysine, and aspartic acid (aliphatic a.a), with time this aspartic acid has been excluded from titles , and the text books included alkaloids originated from nicotinic acid or alkaloids containing pyridine –pipyridine, but w ...
... In the past they were studying enolate alkaloids originated from ornithine, lysine, and aspartic acid (aliphatic a.a), with time this aspartic acid has been excluded from titles , and the text books included alkaloids originated from nicotinic acid or alkaloids containing pyridine –pipyridine, but w ...
The Elements of Group 15 (5A, V, VA) The Nitrogen Group
... Phosphorus is a tetrameric solid (white phosphorus) in its standard state (P4(s)), although it exists as many allotropes. White phosphorus reacts with oxygen (combusts), so must be stored under water. Formerly used in matches. ...
... Phosphorus is a tetrameric solid (white phosphorus) in its standard state (P4(s)), although it exists as many allotropes. White phosphorus reacts with oxygen (combusts), so must be stored under water. Formerly used in matches. ...
End of Chapter 18 Questions
... glucose and fatty acids as well as needed for cellular growth. c. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)—part of coenzymes NAD and NADP needed for oxidation of glucose and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. d. Vitamin B6 –coenzyme needed for synthesis of proteins and various amino acids as well as for ...
... glucose and fatty acids as well as needed for cellular growth. c. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)—part of coenzymes NAD and NADP needed for oxidation of glucose and synthesis of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids. d. Vitamin B6 –coenzyme needed for synthesis of proteins and various amino acids as well as for ...
Thermodynamic constraints shape the structure of carbon fixation
... When an indirect coupling is employed, the energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to establish another chemical bond with high energy of hydrolysis, e.g. a thioester. This bond is cleaved by a downstream enzyme to energize an unfavorable reaction. Notably, many pathways exhibit reduced ATP requir ...
... When an indirect coupling is employed, the energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to establish another chemical bond with high energy of hydrolysis, e.g. a thioester. This bond is cleaved by a downstream enzyme to energize an unfavorable reaction. Notably, many pathways exhibit reduced ATP requir ...
Biological Molecules Review Questions 2015
... 40. A lipid molecule is produced when A. fatty acids bond to glycerol. B. amino acids bond to glycerol. C. monosaccharides bond to glycogen. D. dehydration occurs between fatty acids and glycogen. 41. Lipids are composed of A. nucleotides. B. amino acids. C. monosaccharides. D. glycerol and fatty ac ...
... 40. A lipid molecule is produced when A. fatty acids bond to glycerol. B. amino acids bond to glycerol. C. monosaccharides bond to glycogen. D. dehydration occurs between fatty acids and glycogen. 41. Lipids are composed of A. nucleotides. B. amino acids. C. monosaccharides. D. glycerol and fatty ac ...
Systems-level metabolic flux profiling identifies fatty acid synthesis as a target for anti-viral therapy.
... extent (Figs. 2e,f). This suggested that some of the carbon passing from glucose to citrate was redirected from the TCA cycle. Citrate, in addition to being a TCA cycle intermediate, also shuttles two carbon units from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, where they are used for fatty acid and choleste ...
... extent (Figs. 2e,f). This suggested that some of the carbon passing from glucose to citrate was redirected from the TCA cycle. Citrate, in addition to being a TCA cycle intermediate, also shuttles two carbon units from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, where they are used for fatty acid and choleste ...
Enzyme - Northwest ISD Moodle
... Explain: Explain the purpose. Results: Describe the results and what they mean. Uncertainties: Describe what you are still unsure about. ...
... Explain: Explain the purpose. Results: Describe the results and what they mean. Uncertainties: Describe what you are still unsure about. ...
Physiological effects of exercise
... inhibition and is sustained by autonomic sympathetic responses and carbon dioxide acting on the medulla. The efficacy of systolic contraction is particularly important in trained athletes who can achieve significant increases in cardiac output as a consequence of hypertrophy of cardiac muscle. Table ...
... inhibition and is sustained by autonomic sympathetic responses and carbon dioxide acting on the medulla. The efficacy of systolic contraction is particularly important in trained athletes who can achieve significant increases in cardiac output as a consequence of hypertrophy of cardiac muscle. Table ...
25-2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
... • CoA is released to bind another acetyl group • One citric acid cycle removes two carbon atoms • Regenerating 4-carbon chain ...
... • CoA is released to bind another acetyl group • One citric acid cycle removes two carbon atoms • Regenerating 4-carbon chain ...
Ch. 8 Enzymes as catalysts Glucokinase is typical enzyme:
... • Enzymes provide speed, specificity and regulatory control to reactions • Enzymes are highly specific for biochemical reaction catalyzed (and often particular substrate) • Enzymes are usually proteins • (also some RNAs = ribozymes) • E + S ↔ ES • ES ↔ EP ...
... • Enzymes provide speed, specificity and regulatory control to reactions • Enzymes are highly specific for biochemical reaction catalyzed (and often particular substrate) • Enzymes are usually proteins • (also some RNAs = ribozymes) • E + S ↔ ES • ES ↔ EP ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.