Slides - University of Sydney
... With an aminoacyl-tRNA at the P-site In comes a new aa-tRNA to the A-site A peptide bond forms – Between the NH2 of the amino acid at the A-site and the carbonyl carbon of the amino acid at the P-site ...
... With an aminoacyl-tRNA at the P-site In comes a new aa-tRNA to the A-site A peptide bond forms – Between the NH2 of the amino acid at the A-site and the carbonyl carbon of the amino acid at the P-site ...
Cellular Respiration
... Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down in a series of steps, each catalyzed by specific enzymes. At key steps, electrons are stripped from the glucose. In many oxidation reactions, the electron is transferred with a proton, as a hydrogen atom. o ...
... Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down in a series of steps, each catalyzed by specific enzymes. At key steps, electrons are stripped from the glucose. In many oxidation reactions, the electron is transferred with a proton, as a hydrogen atom. o ...
УДК: 547
... of amino acids and their derivatives in clinical practice: I. the use of amino acids or multi-component mixtures of amino acids (mainly essential, combined with vitamins and trace elements) for replacement therapy or shortfall of essential nutrients and protein [1]. II. the use of drugs on the basis ...
... of amino acids and their derivatives in clinical practice: I. the use of amino acids or multi-component mixtures of amino acids (mainly essential, combined with vitamins and trace elements) for replacement therapy or shortfall of essential nutrients and protein [1]. II. the use of drugs on the basis ...
NEURAL TUBE DEFECT ROLE OF FOLIC ACID
... • Folic Acid in Prevention of NTDs • Folic acid plays an important role in closure of neural tube (neurulation). • There are two general and important biological effects of folate. • Second, folate is involved in the supply of methyl groups to the methylation cycle. • The methyl group is used by met ...
... • Folic Acid in Prevention of NTDs • Folic acid plays an important role in closure of neural tube (neurulation). • There are two general and important biological effects of folate. • Second, folate is involved in the supply of methyl groups to the methylation cycle. • The methyl group is used by met ...
Respiration
... Glucose converted to pyruvate This is called glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm Energy is released to produce two ATP No oxygen present Pyruvate broken down to carbon dioxide and ethanol • Incomplete breakdown of glucose/irriversible ...
... Glucose converted to pyruvate This is called glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm Energy is released to produce two ATP No oxygen present Pyruvate broken down to carbon dioxide and ethanol • Incomplete breakdown of glucose/irriversible ...
Ch7 Enzymes II: Coenzymes, Regulation, Abzymes, and Ribozymes
... – Is cleaved at one or a few specific peptide bonds to produce the active form of the enzyme. ...
... – Is cleaved at one or a few specific peptide bonds to produce the active form of the enzyme. ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, and produces NAD+ and ATP. ...
... Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, and produces NAD+ and ATP. ...
Practice Problems on Carbohydrates
... Write out a detailed mechanism for the phosphorylation of glucose by the ATPdependent enzyme hexokinase. What is the chemical function of Mg2+? ...
... Write out a detailed mechanism for the phosphorylation of glucose by the ATPdependent enzyme hexokinase. What is the chemical function of Mg2+? ...
Evidence for the absence of amino acid isomerization in microwave
... Structural and chemical changes occurring in food proteins on processing may produce undesirable nutritional effects. One of the possible changes is amino acid isomerization. The conversion of L-amino acids in food protein into D isomers generates nonutilizable forms of amino acids and creates pepti ...
... Structural and chemical changes occurring in food proteins on processing may produce undesirable nutritional effects. One of the possible changes is amino acid isomerization. The conversion of L-amino acids in food protein into D isomers generates nonutilizable forms of amino acids and creates pepti ...
Carbohydrates and Lipids
... Addition of hydrogen atoms to the acid, causing double bonds to become single ones. (unsaturated becomes saturated) LDL HDL ...
... Addition of hydrogen atoms to the acid, causing double bonds to become single ones. (unsaturated becomes saturated) LDL HDL ...
ANN 303 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION (A)
... animal tissues. Not all components will be usable nutrient, although some food of animal origin such as fish meal, meat meal, milk e.t.c are utilized in limited amount hence animals will have to depend heavily on plant products and their by-products. The study of plant nutrition is important because ...
... animal tissues. Not all components will be usable nutrient, although some food of animal origin such as fish meal, meat meal, milk e.t.c are utilized in limited amount hence animals will have to depend heavily on plant products and their by-products. The study of plant nutrition is important because ...
medbiochem exam, 1999
... 29. Which of the following processes could NOT change the primary sequence of a protein encoded by an mRNA? A. Alternative splicing within the coding region. B. A frameshift mutation in the start codon. C. Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR. D. An insertion mutation in the coding region. Answer: C 3 ...
... 29. Which of the following processes could NOT change the primary sequence of a protein encoded by an mRNA? A. Alternative splicing within the coding region. B. A frameshift mutation in the start codon. C. Alternative splicing in the 5' UTR. D. An insertion mutation in the coding region. Answer: C 3 ...
AP Biology Photosynthesis Guided Notes
... of _____ in the Calvin cycle, producing a ______________ compound • Photorespiration consumes ____ and ______________ and releases ______ without producing ATP or sugar ...
... of _____ in the Calvin cycle, producing a ______________ compound • Photorespiration consumes ____ and ______________ and releases ______ without producing ATP or sugar ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
Biocompatibility of synthetic and bio-material fusion
... synthetic–biological fusion suitable for such applications. The judicious use of ligands for -cloud extension can be applied to carbon transformations and target-oriented drug delivery systems. Embedded metal-centre catalysts for synthetic–biological fusion include: (i) axial coordination via bridg ...
... synthetic–biological fusion suitable for such applications. The judicious use of ligands for -cloud extension can be applied to carbon transformations and target-oriented drug delivery systems. Embedded metal-centre catalysts for synthetic–biological fusion include: (i) axial coordination via bridg ...
MB ChB PHASE I
... HCl denatures proteins and makes them accessible to degradative enzymes. The zymogen pepsinogen is cleaved to pepsin autocatalytically, and, later, by pepsin itself. Pepsin cleaves proteins to small polypeptides. ...
... HCl denatures proteins and makes them accessible to degradative enzymes. The zymogen pepsinogen is cleaved to pepsin autocatalytically, and, later, by pepsin itself. Pepsin cleaves proteins to small polypeptides. ...
Reactions of I,I-Diacetoxyiodobenzene with Proteins: Conversion of
... no trace of this N-acylurea. Reaction rate studies with insulin and lysozyme also show that (1) is preferable to (2) for converting amide side-chains to amines (see Fig. 2). Although (2) reacts much faster than (1) with lysozyme at first, (1) introduces considerably more amino groups than (2) after ...
... no trace of this N-acylurea. Reaction rate studies with insulin and lysozyme also show that (1) is preferable to (2) for converting amide side-chains to amines (see Fig. 2). Although (2) reacts much faster than (1) with lysozyme at first, (1) introduces considerably more amino groups than (2) after ...
Investigation of the enzymatic processes depending on the ty
... differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same reaction Isoenzymes can differ in: kinetics, regulatory properties, the form of coenzyme they prefer and distribution in cell and tissues Isoenzymes are coded by different genes ...
... differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same reaction Isoenzymes can differ in: kinetics, regulatory properties, the form of coenzyme they prefer and distribution in cell and tissues Isoenzymes are coded by different genes ...
Plant and Soil
... some evidence supporting the repression hypothesis. Cells grown on any substrate had glucosedependent 02 consumption, which support the previous observation indicating the presence of a constitutive glucose transport system in R. meliloti (Theodoropoulos et al., 1985), however as compared to the glu ...
... some evidence supporting the repression hypothesis. Cells grown on any substrate had glucosedependent 02 consumption, which support the previous observation indicating the presence of a constitutive glucose transport system in R. meliloti (Theodoropoulos et al., 1985), however as compared to the glu ...
Chapter 8: Energy generation:glycolysis
... The phosphate–phosphate linkage that is broken during ATP hydrolysis is sometimes called a ‘high-energy’ bond, but this is a confusing description and not a correct interpretation of the source of the energy released when ATP is hydrolyzed. The energy that is released does not come directly from the ...
... The phosphate–phosphate linkage that is broken during ATP hydrolysis is sometimes called a ‘high-energy’ bond, but this is a confusing description and not a correct interpretation of the source of the energy released when ATP is hydrolyzed. The energy that is released does not come directly from the ...
Chapter 7 Problem Set
... oxidized to the level of a carboxylic acid. The disaccharide GlcN(1 1)Glc is not a reducing sugar because it lacks a free anomeric carbon. The anomeric carbons of both glucose units in this compound are tied up in an O-glycosidic linkage and cannot open to the straight-chain forms required for ox ...
... oxidized to the level of a carboxylic acid. The disaccharide GlcN(1 1)Glc is not a reducing sugar because it lacks a free anomeric carbon. The anomeric carbons of both glucose units in this compound are tied up in an O-glycosidic linkage and cannot open to the straight-chain forms required for ox ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.