Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118, pp. 7646.
... bound to proteins (as sialoglycoproteins), lipids (as gangliosides), or other sialic acids (as polysialic acids linked to other glycoconjugates). Chapter 2 gives a table of 36 naturally occurring sialic acids. This includes many N-acetyl and N-glycolyl derivatives and one deaminated form called Kdn ...
... bound to proteins (as sialoglycoproteins), lipids (as gangliosides), or other sialic acids (as polysialic acids linked to other glycoconjugates). Chapter 2 gives a table of 36 naturally occurring sialic acids. This includes many N-acetyl and N-glycolyl derivatives and one deaminated form called Kdn ...
ENERGY
... (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system. FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation. FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far greater energy than the breakdow ...
... (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system. FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation. FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far greater energy than the breakdow ...
REVISION FOR ENERGY
... (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system. FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation. FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far greater energy than the breakdow ...
... (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system. FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation. FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far greater energy than the breakdow ...
Baumgard Post absorptive CHO metabolism
... – Occurs in the liver and muscle – The synthesis of a branched polysaccharide form glucose….resembles amylopectin – Liver stores are especially important as an emergency source of blood glucose ...
... – Occurs in the liver and muscle – The synthesis of a branched polysaccharide form glucose….resembles amylopectin – Liver stores are especially important as an emergency source of blood glucose ...
Supplementary Materials Metabolic Flux Determination in Perfused
... The liver metabolic network involving all possible major liver-specific pathways such as gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, urea cycle, fatty acid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, glycogen metabolism and amino acid metabolism is given in Table SI. For more detailed explanations about the ...
... The liver metabolic network involving all possible major liver-specific pathways such as gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, urea cycle, fatty acid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, glycogen metabolism and amino acid metabolism is given in Table SI. For more detailed explanations about the ...
Chapter 26:Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... • Two dipeptides can result from reaction between A and S, depending on which COOH reacts with which NH2 we get AS or SA • The long, repetitive sequence of NCHCO atoms that make up a continuous chain is called the protein’s backbone • Peptides are always written with the N-terminal amino acid (t ...
... • Two dipeptides can result from reaction between A and S, depending on which COOH reacts with which NH2 we get AS or SA • The long, repetitive sequence of NCHCO atoms that make up a continuous chain is called the protein’s backbone • Peptides are always written with the N-terminal amino acid (t ...
16 Gluconeogenesis
... The long, flexible link between biotin and the enzyme enables the carboxybiotin to rotate from one active site of the enzyme (the ATP-bicarbonate site) to the other (the pyruvate site). The activated carboxyl group is then transferred from carboxybiotin to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. ...
... The long, flexible link between biotin and the enzyme enables the carboxybiotin to rotate from one active site of the enzyme (the ATP-bicarbonate site) to the other (the pyruvate site). The activated carboxyl group is then transferred from carboxybiotin to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. ...
ASPARTIC ACID, ASPARAGINE, GLUTAMIC ACID, AND
... any disulphide bonds present (Hirs 1956). This is particularly important for proteins with a high cystine content. For example, Hill and Schmidt (1962) found it necessary to oxidize the disulphide bonds of ribonuclease in order to achieve complete proteolysis. We have found in the case of wool that ...
... any disulphide bonds present (Hirs 1956). This is particularly important for proteins with a high cystine content. For example, Hill and Schmidt (1962) found it necessary to oxidize the disulphide bonds of ribonuclease in order to achieve complete proteolysis. We have found in the case of wool that ...
ATP Pool and Growth Yield in Selenomonas
... methods of preparing highly reduced media in bulk and monitoring the cultures. A modification was made to the apparatus so that all residual medium could be removed from the reservoirs on changing from one medium to another of different composition. Ground glass joints in media lines have now been r ...
... methods of preparing highly reduced media in bulk and monitoring the cultures. A modification was made to the apparatus so that all residual medium could be removed from the reservoirs on changing from one medium to another of different composition. Ground glass joints in media lines have now been r ...
A fatty acid
... Lipid Metabolism - In the Rumen 1. Minimal degradation of long-chain fatty acids in the rumen Fatty acids not a source of energy to microbes 2. Active hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids 3. Microbial synthesis of long-chain fatty acids in the rumen (15g/kg nonfat org matter fermented) 4. No ab ...
... Lipid Metabolism - In the Rumen 1. Minimal degradation of long-chain fatty acids in the rumen Fatty acids not a source of energy to microbes 2. Active hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids 3. Microbial synthesis of long-chain fatty acids in the rumen (15g/kg nonfat org matter fermented) 4. No ab ...
Lab 13
... A Diazotization—Coupling Reaction: The Preparation of Methyl Orange Formation of a diazonium ion Azote is an old word for nitrogen. Hence, the presence of azo in the name of a chemical implies that nitrogen is present in the structure. Therefore, diazo means two nitrogen atoms. When combined with on ...
... A Diazotization—Coupling Reaction: The Preparation of Methyl Orange Formation of a diazonium ion Azote is an old word for nitrogen. Hence, the presence of azo in the name of a chemical implies that nitrogen is present in the structure. Therefore, diazo means two nitrogen atoms. When combined with on ...
ATP Pool and Growth Yield in Selenomonas
... methods of preparing highly reduced media in bulk and monitoring the cultures. A modification was made to the apparatus so that all residual medium could be removed from the reservoirs on changing from one medium to another of different composition. Ground glass joints in media lines have now been r ...
... methods of preparing highly reduced media in bulk and monitoring the cultures. A modification was made to the apparatus so that all residual medium could be removed from the reservoirs on changing from one medium to another of different composition. Ground glass joints in media lines have now been r ...
Document
... Chemical properties of monosaccharides Reductive properties –only when free aldehyde or ketone group in saccharide molecule is present. In alkaline environment saccharides have reductive properties and ring can be opened In acidic environment saccharides are in cyclic form and there is no =CO gro ...
... Chemical properties of monosaccharides Reductive properties –only when free aldehyde or ketone group in saccharide molecule is present. In alkaline environment saccharides have reductive properties and ring can be opened In acidic environment saccharides are in cyclic form and there is no =CO gro ...
Spring 2001 Key
... -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Since the hydrogen in combustion is provided only by ascorbic acid, having 8 hydrogens, without doing anything you may conclude that that coefficient must be a multiple of 4 (4, 8, 12, …) since ...
... -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Since the hydrogen in combustion is provided only by ascorbic acid, having 8 hydrogens, without doing anything you may conclude that that coefficient must be a multiple of 4 (4, 8, 12, …) since ...
AP Chemistry Note Outline
... 2. Balance atoms other than H & O 3. Balance oxygen by adding H2O to the side that needs O 4. Balance hydrogen by adding H+ to the side that needs H 5. Balance the charge by adding electrons 6. Make the number of electrons gained equal to the number lost and then add the two halfreactions 7. Cancel ...
... 2. Balance atoms other than H & O 3. Balance oxygen by adding H2O to the side that needs O 4. Balance hydrogen by adding H+ to the side that needs H 5. Balance the charge by adding electrons 6. Make the number of electrons gained equal to the number lost and then add the two halfreactions 7. Cancel ...
Chapter 25 Chapter Topics Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... • Different “Families” according to distance of last double bond from methyl end: • ω-9 (oleic acid, 9-C18:1) • ω-7 (palmitic acid, 9-C16:1) • ω-6 (linoleic acid, 9,12-C18:2)—only from plants. • Arachidonic acid made from dietary linoleic acid (Fig 25.15) • ω-3 (alpha-linolenic acid, 9,12,15-C18:3), ...
... • Different “Families” according to distance of last double bond from methyl end: • ω-9 (oleic acid, 9-C18:1) • ω-7 (palmitic acid, 9-C16:1) • ω-6 (linoleic acid, 9,12-C18:2)—only from plants. • Arachidonic acid made from dietary linoleic acid (Fig 25.15) • ω-3 (alpha-linolenic acid, 9,12,15-C18:3), ...
Carbon-Based Molecules
... Fats and oils are two familiar types of lipids. They store large amounts of chemical energy in organisms. Animal fats are found in foods such as meat and butter. You know plant fats as oils, such as olive oil and peanut oil. The structures of fats and oils are similar. They both consist of a molec ...
... Fats and oils are two familiar types of lipids. They store large amounts of chemical energy in organisms. Animal fats are found in foods such as meat and butter. You know plant fats as oils, such as olive oil and peanut oil. The structures of fats and oils are similar. They both consist of a molec ...
Doc
... Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D ...
... Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D ...
Lipids and Carbohydrates
... to only two fatty acids instead of three, like triglyceride. Instead of a third fatty acid, a phospholipid contains a phosphate molecule that is covalently bonded to the third hydroxyl functional group on the glycerol. This phosphate group, unlike the fatty acids, does not share electrons equally wi ...
... to only two fatty acids instead of three, like triglyceride. Instead of a third fatty acid, a phospholipid contains a phosphate molecule that is covalently bonded to the third hydroxyl functional group on the glycerol. This phosphate group, unlike the fatty acids, does not share electrons equally wi ...
Patient Handout
... requirements for the entire organism. Although studies have not been replicated 4 in humans, there may be an association due to the similarity in pathways shared between organisms. Inositol Inositol is a sugar-like molecule, referred to as a sugar alcohol. Even though very similar in molecular struc ...
... requirements for the entire organism. Although studies have not been replicated 4 in humans, there may be an association due to the similarity in pathways shared between organisms. Inositol Inositol is a sugar-like molecule, referred to as a sugar alcohol. Even though very similar in molecular struc ...
pdfInt 2 Homework Unit 2 1 MB
... Which of the following alcohols has the highest boiling point? (2.17) (You may wish to use page 6 of the data booklet to help you.) ...
... Which of the following alcohols has the highest boiling point? (2.17) (You may wish to use page 6 of the data booklet to help you.) ...
General Biochemistry Chemistry of Polysaccharides
... Glycogen and starch ingested in the diet are hydrolyzed by α amylases, enzymes in saliva and intestinal secretions that break (α 1-4 ) glycosidic bonds between glucose units. ...
... Glycogen and starch ingested in the diet are hydrolyzed by α amylases, enzymes in saliva and intestinal secretions that break (α 1-4 ) glycosidic bonds between glucose units. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.