General Biochemistry Chemistry of Polysaccharides
... Glycogen and starch ingested in the diet are hydrolyzed by α amylases, enzymes in saliva and intestinal secretions that break (α 1-4 ) glycosidic bonds between glucose units. ...
... Glycogen and starch ingested in the diet are hydrolyzed by α amylases, enzymes in saliva and intestinal secretions that break (α 1-4 ) glycosidic bonds between glucose units. ...
Physiology of Training #1
... – carnitine transports FFA and carnitine transferase facilitates the transport – more mitochondria results in more surface area which exposes more carnitine transferase – FFA can be transported at a greater rate across the mitochondrial membrane ...
... – carnitine transports FFA and carnitine transferase facilitates the transport – more mitochondria results in more surface area which exposes more carnitine transferase – FFA can be transported at a greater rate across the mitochondrial membrane ...
Chapter 4 Stoichiometry Power Point
... A neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base. Generally, aqueous acid-base reactions produce water and a salt, which is an ionic compound made up of a cation other that H+ and an anion other that OH- or O2-: acid + base g salt + water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) g NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) All ...
... A neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base. Generally, aqueous acid-base reactions produce water and a salt, which is an ionic compound made up of a cation other that H+ and an anion other that OH- or O2-: acid + base g salt + water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) g NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) All ...
What enzymes do do!! Increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the
... concentration [S] is described now by a rectangular hyperbola. The initial velocity reaches a maximum value, Vmax, at high substrate concentrations and does not increase any higher. This makes sense, since there should be some point at which all the enzyme molecules are saturated with substrate and ...
... concentration [S] is described now by a rectangular hyperbola. The initial velocity reaches a maximum value, Vmax, at high substrate concentrations and does not increase any higher. This makes sense, since there should be some point at which all the enzyme molecules are saturated with substrate and ...
Content Display : Unit 2 - Energy Metabolism : Lesson 1
... of dietary protein, or in muscle atrophy due to lack of exercise or muscle wasting diseases), this is catabolism. In this process, energy that had been stored in the protein molecules is liberated. In contrast, when skeletal muscles are being built up (such as during normal growth in childhood, or t ...
... of dietary protein, or in muscle atrophy due to lack of exercise or muscle wasting diseases), this is catabolism. In this process, energy that had been stored in the protein molecules is liberated. In contrast, when skeletal muscles are being built up (such as during normal growth in childhood, or t ...
genetic code and tra..
... rRNA. In human, they consist of two subunits, one large (60S) and one small (40S). 3- tRNA: at least one specific type of tRNA is required to transfer one amino acid. There are about 50 tRNA in human for the 20 amino acids, this means some amino acids have more than one specific tRNA. The role of tR ...
... rRNA. In human, they consist of two subunits, one large (60S) and one small (40S). 3- tRNA: at least one specific type of tRNA is required to transfer one amino acid. There are about 50 tRNA in human for the 20 amino acids, this means some amino acids have more than one specific tRNA. The role of tR ...
Pyrosequencing Technology
... Addition of dNTPs is performed one at a time. It should be noted that deoxyadenosine alfa-thio triphosphate (dATPaS) is used as a substitute for the natural deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) since it is efficiently used by the DNA polymerase, but not recognized by the luciferase. As the process con ...
... Addition of dNTPs is performed one at a time. It should be noted that deoxyadenosine alfa-thio triphosphate (dATPaS) is used as a substitute for the natural deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) since it is efficiently used by the DNA polymerase, but not recognized by the luciferase. As the process con ...
Chapter 22-23 - Bakersfield College
... - At low T, enzyme shows little activity (not an enough amount of energy for the catalyzed reaction). - At very high T, enzyme is destroyed (tertiary structure is denatured). - Optimum temperature: 35°C or body temperature. ...
... - At low T, enzyme shows little activity (not an enough amount of energy for the catalyzed reaction). - At very high T, enzyme is destroyed (tertiary structure is denatured). - Optimum temperature: 35°C or body temperature. ...
The Electron Transport Chain
... Shown above is a mitochondrian. The mitochondrian is enclosed by an outer membrane and a more complex inner mitochondrial membrane. The space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes is called the intermembrane space. With in this space we find enzymes that utilize ATP such as creatine k ...
... Shown above is a mitochondrian. The mitochondrian is enclosed by an outer membrane and a more complex inner mitochondrial membrane. The space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes is called the intermembrane space. With in this space we find enzymes that utilize ATP such as creatine k ...
Professor Jason Raymond - School of Earth and Space Exploration
... cofactors used in biochemistry, as well as the diversity of chemical compounds that early organisms could synthesis •It is argued that oxygen might have been a driver for mitochondrial endosymbiosis, and not long after oxygen became available, the earliest eukaryotic fossils appear in the rock recor ...
... cofactors used in biochemistry, as well as the diversity of chemical compounds that early organisms could synthesis •It is argued that oxygen might have been a driver for mitochondrial endosymbiosis, and not long after oxygen became available, the earliest eukaryotic fossils appear in the rock recor ...
Chapter 32 - s3.amazonaws.com
... • They found that addition of that simple triplet RNA to the cell-free extract could stimulate the binding of the tRNA that recognized that codon to a ribosome • Since the tRNA is covalently linked to the amino acid that is coded for by the codon, therefore that amino acid gets localized to the ribo ...
... • They found that addition of that simple triplet RNA to the cell-free extract could stimulate the binding of the tRNA that recognized that codon to a ribosome • Since the tRNA is covalently linked to the amino acid that is coded for by the codon, therefore that amino acid gets localized to the ribo ...
Pharmaceuticals from Animal and Plant Products
... over recent years has shown that many traditional herbal remedies have proven efficacy against diseases. Often, through a genuine misunderstanding of the low stability of the active factors, herbal medicines are sold which lack the original and claimed potency of the fresh plant. Another considerati ...
... over recent years has shown that many traditional herbal remedies have proven efficacy against diseases. Often, through a genuine misunderstanding of the low stability of the active factors, herbal medicines are sold which lack the original and claimed potency of the fresh plant. Another considerati ...
dutch national chemistry olympiad
... Many live organisms – plants as well as animals – are capable of producing vitamin C themselves. The most important reactions occurring during this so-called biosynthesis of vitamin C, can be described schematically as in figure 1: ...
... Many live organisms – plants as well as animals – are capable of producing vitamin C themselves. The most important reactions occurring during this so-called biosynthesis of vitamin C, can be described schematically as in figure 1: ...
The Electron Transport System of Mitochondria
... When this happens, the channel opens, and protons can come whooshing back in. The energy released is used to couple the phosphate to ADP, to make ATP. ...
... When this happens, the channel opens, and protons can come whooshing back in. The energy released is used to couple the phosphate to ADP, to make ATP. ...
CH # 9-3
... Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several minutes in order to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid fro ...
... Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several minutes in order to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid fro ...
Fermentation - Spencer Community Schools
... Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several minutes in order to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid fro ...
... Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several minutes in order to pay back the built-up “oxygen debt” and clear the lactic acid fro ...
Chapter 5- Enzymes State Standard Standard 1.b. – Enzymes
... A farm worker accidentally was splashed with a powerful insecticide. A few minutes later, he went into convulsion, stopped breathing, and died. The insecticide was a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme important in the function of the nervous system. 6. Describe the relationship between the structure ...
... A farm worker accidentally was splashed with a powerful insecticide. A few minutes later, he went into convulsion, stopped breathing, and died. The insecticide was a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme important in the function of the nervous system. 6. Describe the relationship between the structure ...
Q. 1 – Q. 5 carry one mark each.
... polypeptides is also possible through Merrifield’s solid-phase peptide synthesis. In both the cases the polypeptide chain is extended one amino acid at a time. The direction of polypeptide synthesis is from (A) C-terminus to N-terminus in both the cases (B) N-terminus to C-terminus in both the cases ...
... polypeptides is also possible through Merrifield’s solid-phase peptide synthesis. In both the cases the polypeptide chain is extended one amino acid at a time. The direction of polypeptide synthesis is from (A) C-terminus to N-terminus in both the cases (B) N-terminus to C-terminus in both the cases ...
Introduction - MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
... Circadian rhythms are cell-autonomous phenomena found throughout biology and have been shown to regulate many aspects of health and disease1. Despite this almost ubiquitous observation of cellular timekeeping, the genes generally proposed to be responsible show little or no homology between kingdoms ...
... Circadian rhythms are cell-autonomous phenomena found throughout biology and have been shown to regulate many aspects of health and disease1. Despite this almost ubiquitous observation of cellular timekeeping, the genes generally proposed to be responsible show little or no homology between kingdoms ...
Slide 1 - E-Learning/An-Najah National University
... appears, proteins called elongation factors assist in binding it to the exposed mRNA codon at the A site. When the second tRNA binds to the ribosome, it places its amino acid directly adjacent to the initial methionine, which is still attached to its tRNA molecule, which in turn is still bound to ...
... appears, proteins called elongation factors assist in binding it to the exposed mRNA codon at the A site. When the second tRNA binds to the ribosome, it places its amino acid directly adjacent to the initial methionine, which is still attached to its tRNA molecule, which in turn is still bound to ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.