Immunity
... major types of white blood cells that make up the immune system: lymphocytes, monocytes (aka macrophages), basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils. ...
... major types of white blood cells that make up the immune system: lymphocytes, monocytes (aka macrophages), basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils. ...
2. Cell-mediated immunity
... => Key player => B cells => Target extracellular For innate immunity, it microbes & toxins Cellular components for ...
... => Key player => B cells => Target extracellular For innate immunity, it microbes & toxins Cellular components for ...
File
... Each B lymphocyte clone produces a specific antibody molecule that will recognise a specific antigen surface molecule on a pathogen or a toxin. Antigen-antibody complexes may inactivate a pathogen or toxin or render it more susceptible to phagocytosis. In other cases the antigen-antibody complex sti ...
... Each B lymphocyte clone produces a specific antibody molecule that will recognise a specific antigen surface molecule on a pathogen or a toxin. Antigen-antibody complexes may inactivate a pathogen or toxin or render it more susceptible to phagocytosis. In other cases the antigen-antibody complex sti ...
Host Defense Mechanisms
... All these cells have their origin in the bone marrow (Figure 2). Myeloid progenitor (stem) cells in the bone marrow give rise to neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and dendritic cells, while lymphoid progenitor (stem) cells give rise to T cells and B cells. Macrophages and dendritic cell ...
... All these cells have their origin in the bone marrow (Figure 2). Myeloid progenitor (stem) cells in the bone marrow give rise to neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and dendritic cells, while lymphoid progenitor (stem) cells give rise to T cells and B cells. Macrophages and dendritic cell ...
國立嘉義大學九十七學年度
... NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are typically involved. Most notably, TNF-α was originally characterized as a tumor-necrosis molecule, produced from macrophages, NK cells and T cells. However, excessive TNF-α release during inflammation causes damage to normal tissues and cells, while further a ...
... NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are typically involved. Most notably, TNF-α was originally characterized as a tumor-necrosis molecule, produced from macrophages, NK cells and T cells. However, excessive TNF-α release during inflammation causes damage to normal tissues and cells, while further a ...
Phagocytosis POWERPOINT RLE
... • Phagocytes can display the antigens on their cell surface. • They are then known as an antigenpresenting cell. • This is useful for other white blood cells (lymphocytes) to help them ‘recognise’ infection. ...
... • Phagocytes can display the antigens on their cell surface. • They are then known as an antigenpresenting cell. • This is useful for other white blood cells (lymphocytes) to help them ‘recognise’ infection. ...
File
... substances e.g. pollen, dust. • When the immune system over reacts B lymphocytes are activated producing antibodies which attach to the mast cells in the connective tissue causing the release of histamine • Excessive histamine stimulates the inflammatory response ...
... substances e.g. pollen, dust. • When the immune system over reacts B lymphocytes are activated producing antibodies which attach to the mast cells in the connective tissue causing the release of histamine • Excessive histamine stimulates the inflammatory response ...
01 Reticuloendothelial S and Spleen lecture 1433
... 1. Define the term Reticuloendothelial system (RES) 2. Describe the cellular components of RES 3. Describe the functions of the RES 4. Define the structural function of the spleen 5. Describe the functions of the spleen 6. Understand the basic concept of the indication and risks of splenectomy ...
... 1. Define the term Reticuloendothelial system (RES) 2. Describe the cellular components of RES 3. Describe the functions of the RES 4. Define the structural function of the spleen 5. Describe the functions of the spleen 6. Understand the basic concept of the indication and risks of splenectomy ...
Immunology 3
... then fuse with a lysosome resulting in the formation of a phagolysosome, the lysosome releases its contents into the phagosome, hydrolytic enzymes, radicals, etc and digests the invading organism. The waste products are then released into the cell cytoplasm or further discarded. The useful digested ...
... then fuse with a lysosome resulting in the formation of a phagolysosome, the lysosome releases its contents into the phagosome, hydrolytic enzymes, radicals, etc and digests the invading organism. The waste products are then released into the cell cytoplasm or further discarded. The useful digested ...
REVIEW QUESTIONS – CHAPTER 26
... When the body loses tolerance for its own antigens and attacks them, autoimmune disease results. Autoimmune disease results in cellular damage of the body by its own immune system; it is treated with immunosuppressive drugs. ...
... When the body loses tolerance for its own antigens and attacks them, autoimmune disease results. Autoimmune disease results in cellular damage of the body by its own immune system; it is treated with immunosuppressive drugs. ...
6.3 Immune system notes
... Most of the pathogens we are exposed to never get into our bodies. Primary Defense Ways of making it difficult for pathogens to enter the body Skin – contains two primary layers, dermis and epidermis. The underneath layer is dermis and it is alive, the top layer is the epidermis and it is mainly dea ...
... Most of the pathogens we are exposed to never get into our bodies. Primary Defense Ways of making it difficult for pathogens to enter the body Skin – contains two primary layers, dermis and epidermis. The underneath layer is dermis and it is alive, the top layer is the epidermis and it is mainly dea ...
Document
... Cell-Mediated Immunity • It involves specialized lymphocytes that react against body cells infected by microbes. They also response against transplants and cancerous cells. ...
... Cell-Mediated Immunity • It involves specialized lymphocytes that react against body cells infected by microbes. They also response against transplants and cancerous cells. ...
A Trip Into The Immune System
... The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work ...
... The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work ...
Questions from notes: IMMUNOLOGY
... 37. What types of T cells are there? 38. What are the primary lymphoid organs? 39. What are the secondary lymphoid organs? 40. Peyer’s patches are an example of what? 41. What is the pathway for the differentiation and selection of T cells? 42. What CD markers are associated with B cells? 43. Where ...
... 37. What types of T cells are there? 38. What are the primary lymphoid organs? 39. What are the secondary lymphoid organs? 40. Peyer’s patches are an example of what? 41. What is the pathway for the differentiation and selection of T cells? 42. What CD markers are associated with B cells? 43. Where ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... a) carbohydrate b) lipid c) protein d) nucleic acid II. State whether the following are True or False; state reason 6. CD 45 is a signal transduction molecule found on B lymphocytes. 7. Dendritic cell is not an example of professional antigen presenting cell. 8. Apoptosis is a physiological phenomen ...
... a) carbohydrate b) lipid c) protein d) nucleic acid II. State whether the following are True or False; state reason 6. CD 45 is a signal transduction molecule found on B lymphocytes. 7. Dendritic cell is not an example of professional antigen presenting cell. 8. Apoptosis is a physiological phenomen ...
TOLERANCE
... enter the circulation as naïve cells • “Peripheral tolerance” acts as a back up to eliminate potentially autoreactive lymphocytes AFTER they enter the circulation. • Some cells are DELETED, some cells are ANERGISED. • ANERGIC cells can be re-activated if a “DANGER” signal is encountered ...
... enter the circulation as naïve cells • “Peripheral tolerance” acts as a back up to eliminate potentially autoreactive lymphocytes AFTER they enter the circulation. • Some cells are DELETED, some cells are ANERGISED. • ANERGIC cells can be re-activated if a “DANGER” signal is encountered ...
2-immune system
... Overview of the two arms of the immune system: innate immunity & adaptive immunity. ...
... Overview of the two arms of the immune system: innate immunity & adaptive immunity. ...
autumn 11 newsletter
... nodes filled with white blood cells which destroy pathogens and cellular debris. At the end of the lymphatic circuit, the lymph fluid is rejoins the cardiovascular system and the cycle starts again. Lymph tissue is scattered through the body, with 60% to 70% embedded in the mucous membranes and tiss ...
... nodes filled with white blood cells which destroy pathogens and cellular debris. At the end of the lymphatic circuit, the lymph fluid is rejoins the cardiovascular system and the cycle starts again. Lymph tissue is scattered through the body, with 60% to 70% embedded in the mucous membranes and tiss ...
The Immune System
... – Secondary immune response o Re-exposure to same antigen gives faster, more prolonged, more effective response – Sensitized memory cells respond within hours – Antibody levels peak in two to three days at much higher levels – Antibodies bind with greater affinity – Antibody level can remain high fo ...
... – Secondary immune response o Re-exposure to same antigen gives faster, more prolonged, more effective response – Sensitized memory cells respond within hours – Antibody levels peak in two to three days at much higher levels – Antibodies bind with greater affinity – Antibody level can remain high fo ...
Immunology Introductory course Series of lectures outlining
... white cells - found in the blood, and tissues proteins - also found in blood, and tissues organs - such as the spleen, tonsils circulatory system – blood, lymphatics ...
... white cells - found in the blood, and tissues proteins - also found in blood, and tissues organs - such as the spleen, tonsils circulatory system – blood, lymphatics ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.