The First and Second Lines of Defense Against Disease
... -Mucous membranes have lysozymes which breaks down bacteria -some cells contain cilia which helps to filter out pathogens or other particles 2nd LINE OF DEFENSE: NON-SPECIFIC RESPONSE: -these are generalized, and random responses to pathogen infection -they consist of various plasma proteins and WBC ...
... -Mucous membranes have lysozymes which breaks down bacteria -some cells contain cilia which helps to filter out pathogens or other particles 2nd LINE OF DEFENSE: NON-SPECIFIC RESPONSE: -these are generalized, and random responses to pathogen infection -they consist of various plasma proteins and WBC ...
What could have caused this?
... B cells have specific receptors that bind with specific antigens on pathogens. Once bound, B cells are activated and become antibody producing factories ...
... B cells have specific receptors that bind with specific antigens on pathogens. Once bound, B cells are activated and become antibody producing factories ...
Innate Immune System
... is a potent initiator of inflammation. C5b goes on to complex with other complement proteins to form the membrane attack complex MAC (C5b6789n) which inserts into the cell membrane and lyses infected cells. 7. What are phagocytes and what are their functions? What groups of bacteria can avoid their ...
... is a potent initiator of inflammation. C5b goes on to complex with other complement proteins to form the membrane attack complex MAC (C5b6789n) which inserts into the cell membrane and lyses infected cells. 7. What are phagocytes and what are their functions? What groups of bacteria can avoid their ...
No Slide Title
... I am the cell that has the antigen and uses this code to find and destroy all cells that are infected with the pathogen. E 400 ...
... I am the cell that has the antigen and uses this code to find and destroy all cells that are infected with the pathogen. E 400 ...
When a person breaks a bone, suffers infection organ damage or
... damaged or killed by the initial trauma release chemicals that in turn cause the death of adjacent cells. While many companies are attempting to develop neuroprotective drugs, Proneuron feels it is unique in taking a cell therapy approach. The therapy will involve taking a sample of a patient's own ...
... damaged or killed by the initial trauma release chemicals that in turn cause the death of adjacent cells. While many companies are attempting to develop neuroprotective drugs, Proneuron feels it is unique in taking a cell therapy approach. The therapy will involve taking a sample of a patient's own ...
IMMUNE SYSTEM SPECIFIC DEFENSE
... Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long term defense system) When exposed to a pathogen a 2nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness. ...
... Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long term defense system) When exposed to a pathogen a 2nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness. ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... II. State whether the following statements are true or false: ...
... II. State whether the following statements are true or false: ...
2 Antibodies - WordPress.com
... B-cell binds to antigen. B-cell divides by mitosis. Some cells formed are plasma cells – secrete antibodies. Some cells formed are memory cells – remain in blood for a period of time, providing ...
... B-cell binds to antigen. B-cell divides by mitosis. Some cells formed are plasma cells – secrete antibodies. Some cells formed are memory cells – remain in blood for a period of time, providing ...
Basics of Immunology
... to attack antigens. Once a B cell has come in contact with an antigen, it becomes a memory B cell, meaning it will remember that specific antigen if the body is ever attacked by it again. ...
... to attack antigens. Once a B cell has come in contact with an antigen, it becomes a memory B cell, meaning it will remember that specific antigen if the body is ever attacked by it again. ...
Infectious Diseases PPT
... 1) Fungi – living things that absorb and use nutrients of organisms they invade 2) Protozoa – tiny, animal like cells, some of which can cause illness ...
... 1) Fungi – living things that absorb and use nutrients of organisms they invade 2) Protozoa – tiny, animal like cells, some of which can cause illness ...
Innate immunity 2015-16
... •These cells are phagocytes (eliminate the pathogens) •Activate the innate immune response (by secreted proteins, called cytokines) •Activate the adaptive immune system. Macrophages serve as APCs that display antigens to and activate T lymphocytes •Dendritic cells are constitutively present in tissu ...
... •These cells are phagocytes (eliminate the pathogens) •Activate the innate immune response (by secreted proteins, called cytokines) •Activate the adaptive immune system. Macrophages serve as APCs that display antigens to and activate T lymphocytes •Dendritic cells are constitutively present in tissu ...
BSC 361
... Low pH conditions prevent most bacteria from persisting in stomach Most GI pathogens have temporary means to survive low pH Competition Normal Flora Crowded restaurant model Normal flora often important for good health Normal Flora not found in all systems Lower respiratory, upper urinary, CNS, bloo ...
... Low pH conditions prevent most bacteria from persisting in stomach Most GI pathogens have temporary means to survive low pH Competition Normal Flora Crowded restaurant model Normal flora often important for good health Normal Flora not found in all systems Lower respiratory, upper urinary, CNS, bloo ...
You will need
... diagonal. Bacteria simply kill a cell by moving onto their spot, and the body cell leaves the board. Viruses change body cells into more viral cells, but doesn’t take its spot. B CELLS: May move 2 spaces, but not diagonal. They may only TAG antigens, but not capture them. Can tag any pathogen on a s ...
... diagonal. Bacteria simply kill a cell by moving onto their spot, and the body cell leaves the board. Viruses change body cells into more viral cells, but doesn’t take its spot. B CELLS: May move 2 spaces, but not diagonal. They may only TAG antigens, but not capture them. Can tag any pathogen on a s ...
The Human Immune System
... Viruses enter body cells, hijack their organelles, and turn the cell into a virus making-factory. The cell will eventually burst (lyse), releasing thousands of viruses to infect new cells. ...
... Viruses enter body cells, hijack their organelles, and turn the cell into a virus making-factory. The cell will eventually burst (lyse), releasing thousands of viruses to infect new cells. ...
DISEASE - IMMUNE SYSTEM
... problems with organ transplants. The body recognizes transplanted organs as foreign (non-self), and tries to fight them as if they were a pathogen. The result would be the destruction of the transplanted organ. This is controlled in two ways: ...
... problems with organ transplants. The body recognizes transplanted organs as foreign (non-self), and tries to fight them as if they were a pathogen. The result would be the destruction of the transplanted organ. This is controlled in two ways: ...
The Human Immune System - De Soto Area School District
... White Blood Cells ~T-Cells~ • T-Cells, often called “natural killer” cells, recognize infected human cells and cancer cells • T-cells will attack these infected cells, quickly kill them, and then continue to search for more cells to kill ...
... White Blood Cells ~T-Cells~ • T-Cells, often called “natural killer” cells, recognize infected human cells and cancer cells • T-cells will attack these infected cells, quickly kill them, and then continue to search for more cells to kill ...
antibodies - Canvas by Instructure
... White Blood Cells ~T-Cells~ • T-Cells, often called “natural killer” cells, recognize infected human cells and cancer cells • T-cells will attack these infected cells, quickly kill them, and then continue to search for more cells to kill ...
... White Blood Cells ~T-Cells~ • T-Cells, often called “natural killer” cells, recognize infected human cells and cancer cells • T-cells will attack these infected cells, quickly kill them, and then continue to search for more cells to kill ...
Slide 1
... Skin- barrier that protects the body Tears, Saliva, and Mucus protect the natural openings in the skin (eyes, nose, mouth, urinary tract) – Enzymes break down pathogens – pH (acidity) prevents growth of pathogens ...
... Skin- barrier that protects the body Tears, Saliva, and Mucus protect the natural openings in the skin (eyes, nose, mouth, urinary tract) – Enzymes break down pathogens – pH (acidity) prevents growth of pathogens ...
Chapter 27: Communicable Diseases
... b. Immune System is an army of individual cells, tissues and organs that work together to fight against pathogens. E. Three Types Of Cells In The Immune System (handout) 1. Macrophages: These cells eat microorganisms or viruses that have entered. 2. T Cells: Help coordinate the immune system, helpin ...
... b. Immune System is an army of individual cells, tissues and organs that work together to fight against pathogens. E. Three Types Of Cells In The Immune System (handout) 1. Macrophages: These cells eat microorganisms or viruses that have entered. 2. T Cells: Help coordinate the immune system, helpin ...
Lecture #24 - Suraj @ LUMS
... • In the earliest stages of inflammation, neutrophils are particularly prevalent, but later monocytes and lymphocytes also migrate towards the site of infection. ...
... • In the earliest stages of inflammation, neutrophils are particularly prevalent, but later monocytes and lymphocytes also migrate towards the site of infection. ...
Yannick Morias Human African trypanosomias (HAT), also
... Human African trypanosomias (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is caused by unicellular flagellated protozoan parasites belonging to the Trypanosoma genus. These parasites can also infect cattle and cause Nagana. During the whole course of infection, these parasites stay extracellular, exposing ...
... Human African trypanosomias (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is caused by unicellular flagellated protozoan parasites belonging to the Trypanosoma genus. These parasites can also infect cattle and cause Nagana. During the whole course of infection, these parasites stay extracellular, exposing ...
IMMUNE SYSTEM - Roslyn School
... Bacteria cause disease • Heterotrophic bacteria – obtain nutrients by secreting enzymes that break down complex organic structures and absorbing them ...
... Bacteria cause disease • Heterotrophic bacteria – obtain nutrients by secreting enzymes that break down complex organic structures and absorbing them ...
The Immune System
... Phagocytic cells (2nd line of defense) such as Macrophages, Neutrophils, and Monocytes. ...
... Phagocytic cells (2nd line of defense) such as Macrophages, Neutrophils, and Monocytes. ...
antigen
... WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBCs) are the main cells of the immune system. These cells are very numerous; of the approximately 100 trillion cells in your body, 2 trillion are white blood cells. The two types essential to immunity are macrophages and lymphocytes. ...
... WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBCs) are the main cells of the immune system. These cells are very numerous; of the approximately 100 trillion cells in your body, 2 trillion are white blood cells. The two types essential to immunity are macrophages and lymphocytes. ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.