AP2 study guide IMMUNE SYSTEM
... o Neutrophils (most common) – limited capacity to kill o Macrophages – potent phagocyte (derived from monocytes, which become macrophages within 12 hours of leaving the bloodstream!) o Mast Cells – allergic reaction – release histamines o NK Cells (natural killer cells) – able to recognize cancer ce ...
... o Neutrophils (most common) – limited capacity to kill o Macrophages – potent phagocyte (derived from monocytes, which become macrophages within 12 hours of leaving the bloodstream!) o Mast Cells – allergic reaction – release histamines o NK Cells (natural killer cells) – able to recognize cancer ce ...
Immune System
... - they “interfere” with the virus’s ability to reproduce - slows viral infection rate and buys time for your body’s immune system to respond ...
... - they “interfere” with the virus’s ability to reproduce - slows viral infection rate and buys time for your body’s immune system to respond ...
Document
... Six main types of white blood cells 1) phagocyte- Destroys viruses, bacterium, and fungi by engulfing them Ex: macrophage ...
... Six main types of white blood cells 1) phagocyte- Destroys viruses, bacterium, and fungi by engulfing them Ex: macrophage ...
... The adaptive immune response allows the body to protect itself from a diverse set of pathogens. Key orchestrators of the adaptive immune response are T cells which recognize antigen through interactions between their T cell receptor (TCR) and antigen presenting cells. The TCR intracellular signaling ...
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION Pathogens
... The production of antibodies and specialized cells that bind to and inactivate foreign substances is called the immune response. Antigen: Any substance that can cause an immune response. Viruses and bacteria have substances on their outer surfaces that are antigens that stimulate an immune response. ...
... The production of antibodies and specialized cells that bind to and inactivate foreign substances is called the immune response. Antigen: Any substance that can cause an immune response. Viruses and bacteria have substances on their outer surfaces that are antigens that stimulate an immune response. ...
The Immune System
... dysentery from contaminated water and Salmonella from eggs, turkey, etc. › Animal Bites are also concern for the transmission of disease, because of the fact that animals can be a vector for many viruses, i.e. bubonic plague was spread by fleas, Lyme disease is spread by ticks, rabies is spread in t ...
... dysentery from contaminated water and Salmonella from eggs, turkey, etc. › Animal Bites are also concern for the transmission of disease, because of the fact that animals can be a vector for many viruses, i.e. bubonic plague was spread by fleas, Lyme disease is spread by ticks, rabies is spread in t ...
The Immune System
... • B cells produce antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph streams and attach to foreign antigens to mark them for destruction by other immune cells. • B cells are part of what is known as antibody-mediated or humoral immunity ...
... • B cells produce antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph streams and attach to foreign antigens to mark them for destruction by other immune cells. • B cells are part of what is known as antibody-mediated or humoral immunity ...
Aankondiging_Immuno_7nov
... and thus determines the outcome of antigen-specific responses. Specific immune responses are driven by antigen-specific T cells, which do not only expand after initial MHC-dependent antigen contact, but do also polarize into effector cells.These differentiated cells are characterized by their functi ...
... and thus determines the outcome of antigen-specific responses. Specific immune responses are driven by antigen-specific T cells, which do not only expand after initial MHC-dependent antigen contact, but do also polarize into effector cells.These differentiated cells are characterized by their functi ...
Immune responses to bacteria
... Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial peptides on their cell surface using MHC class II molecules. This mechanism is called a ...
... Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial peptides on their cell surface using MHC class II molecules. This mechanism is called a ...
Immune Responses to Bacteria
... Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial peptides on their cell surface using MHC class II molecules. This mechanism is called a ...
... Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial peptides on their cell surface using MHC class II molecules. This mechanism is called a ...
Immune System:
... chemotaxins produce several effects: 1. Vasodilatation. 2. Increased vascular permeability resulting in edema 3.large amount of fibrinogen enter into interstitial space from blood and converted into fibrin (clot) which prevents the spread of infection by ''walling off” the infected area. The “wallin ...
... chemotaxins produce several effects: 1. Vasodilatation. 2. Increased vascular permeability resulting in edema 3.large amount of fibrinogen enter into interstitial space from blood and converted into fibrin (clot) which prevents the spread of infection by ''walling off” the infected area. The “wallin ...
Revision: The Immune and Nervous Systems
... • Attack cells that have become infected • They signal the cell to self destruct • Stimulate the formation of B-cells • Response is not immediate, the body will suffer symptoms of the disease ...
... • Attack cells that have become infected • They signal the cell to self destruct • Stimulate the formation of B-cells • Response is not immediate, the body will suffer symptoms of the disease ...
Document
... Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial peptides on their cell surface using MHC class II molecules. This mechanism is called a ...
... Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, instead, are eliminated using a cell-mediated response. Infected macrophages present bacterial peptides on their cell surface using MHC class II molecules. This mechanism is called a ...
The Immune System
... together in the immune response 1. B cell response which is a passive, humoral defense that aids in the removal of pathogens 2. T cell response, an active, cell-mediated defense that involves the destruction of pathogens by cytotoxic T cells ...
... together in the immune response 1. B cell response which is a passive, humoral defense that aids in the removal of pathogens 2. T cell response, an active, cell-mediated defense that involves the destruction of pathogens by cytotoxic T cells ...
Snímek 1
... presentation (AIRE, VNTR) Genes assiciated with antigen clearance (complement proteins) Genes associated with tolerance induction (CTLA-4, Fas-FasL) ...
... presentation (AIRE, VNTR) Genes assiciated with antigen clearance (complement proteins) Genes associated with tolerance induction (CTLA-4, Fas-FasL) ...
Quiz 06-07_key
... C. ciliated respiratory tract D. secretions such as tears and saliva which contain enzymes E. all of the above ...
... C. ciliated respiratory tract D. secretions such as tears and saliva which contain enzymes E. all of the above ...
Introduction and Innate Immunity
... Large granular lymphocytes (not B or T) Kills tumor cells Kills cells infected with certain viruses (intracellular pathogens) ...
... Large granular lymphocytes (not B or T) Kills tumor cells Kills cells infected with certain viruses (intracellular pathogens) ...
Immune System Powerpoint
... Types of immune responses Humoral immunity (Antibody-mediated) • B cell activation • Production of antibodies • Defend against bacteria, toxins, and viruses free in the lymph and blood plasma Cell-mediated immunity • T cell activation • Binds to and/or lyses cells • Defend against our own cells tha ...
... Types of immune responses Humoral immunity (Antibody-mediated) • B cell activation • Production of antibodies • Defend against bacteria, toxins, and viruses free in the lymph and blood plasma Cell-mediated immunity • T cell activation • Binds to and/or lyses cells • Defend against our own cells tha ...
Grade 8 Cell Unit Review What is an organelle? What is the cell
... into a beaker of water, the food colouring will appear in patches in the water but it will eventually spread out to the whole beaker. What is happening with the food colouring and the water? What is this process called? ...
... into a beaker of water, the food colouring will appear in patches in the water but it will eventually spread out to the whole beaker. What is happening with the food colouring and the water? What is this process called? ...
Chapter 43:The Body`s Defenses - Volunteer State Community
... • Each antigen, by binding to specific receptors, selectively activates a tiny fraction of cells from the body’s diverse pool of lymphocytes; this relatively small number of selected cells gives rise to clones of thousands of cells, all specific for and dedicated to eliminating that antigen. ...
... • Each antigen, by binding to specific receptors, selectively activates a tiny fraction of cells from the body’s diverse pool of lymphocytes; this relatively small number of selected cells gives rise to clones of thousands of cells, all specific for and dedicated to eliminating that antigen. ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.