![of virus infection](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000111891_1-3fff8b852deda6e5cff2c2e693ca1ec3-300x300.png)
of virus infection
... – TNF, IL-1, IL-6: induce acute phase responses (complements…) – IL-12, IL-18: stimulate NK cells to release IFN γ to activate macrophages Induction of lymphocyte-mediated response (innate to acquired) – Immature DCs in periphery migrate to draining lymph nodes to prime T cells – Activated macrophag ...
... – TNF, IL-1, IL-6: induce acute phase responses (complements…) – IL-12, IL-18: stimulate NK cells to release IFN γ to activate macrophages Induction of lymphocyte-mediated response (innate to acquired) – Immature DCs in periphery migrate to draining lymph nodes to prime T cells – Activated macrophag ...
General Pathology: Acute Inflammation
... – Once activated, attacks cells bearing recognized antigen (cell-mediated immunity) – CD8 positive cells – In lymphoid tissues, but also in circulation and other tissues ...
... – Once activated, attacks cells bearing recognized antigen (cell-mediated immunity) – CD8 positive cells – In lymphoid tissues, but also in circulation and other tissues ...
MCDB 1030
... At any time. The most highly infectious period is probably the initial few weeks, before the immune system starts to fight effectively. 12. What are some of the major problems in dealing with AIDS in Africa? The major problem is MONEY. It is expensive to treat HIV, and to provide the right kind of f ...
... At any time. The most highly infectious period is probably the initial few weeks, before the immune system starts to fight effectively. 12. What are some of the major problems in dealing with AIDS in Africa? The major problem is MONEY. It is expensive to treat HIV, and to provide the right kind of f ...
Mammalian Differentiated Cell Types, Part 2
... Blood contains about one leucocyte for every 100 red blood cells. Although leucocytes travel in the circulation, they can pass through the walls of blood vessels to do their work in the surrounding tissues. There are several different kinds, including lymphocytes—responsible for immune responses suc ...
... Blood contains about one leucocyte for every 100 red blood cells. Although leucocytes travel in the circulation, they can pass through the walls of blood vessels to do their work in the surrounding tissues. There are several different kinds, including lymphocytes—responsible for immune responses suc ...
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
... enough to stop viruses, bacteria, and fungi. If this is not enough, the 3rd line must act ...
... enough to stop viruses, bacteria, and fungi. If this is not enough, the 3rd line must act ...
Document
... Provides protection against disruption by pathogens or toxins Helps discriminate between “self” and “nonself” Pathogen - Definition: – Any disease causing agent (microorganisms) ...
... Provides protection against disruption by pathogens or toxins Helps discriminate between “self” and “nonself” Pathogen - Definition: – Any disease causing agent (microorganisms) ...
Innate Immunity
... ● Phagocytose and kills after bactericidal mechanisms are activated (T cells) ● Produce cytokines/chemokines (initiates inflammation) ● Is an antigen presenting cell (co-stim. Molecules) ...
... ● Phagocytose and kills after bactericidal mechanisms are activated (T cells) ● Produce cytokines/chemokines (initiates inflammation) ● Is an antigen presenting cell (co-stim. Molecules) ...
AMS_PowerPoint_The_Lymphatic_System_and_Immunity
... •Two properties distinguish specific immunity from non- specific immunity: • (a) specificity for particular foreign molecules (allow self to distinguish between non-self). • (b) Memory for most previously encountered antigens so that a second encounter prompts an even more rapid and vigorous respo ...
... •Two properties distinguish specific immunity from non- specific immunity: • (a) specificity for particular foreign molecules (allow self to distinguish between non-self). • (b) Memory for most previously encountered antigens so that a second encounter prompts an even more rapid and vigorous respo ...
Defence against extracellular pathogens Innate defence molecules
... Within inflamed tissues, the endothelial cells lining blood vessels are activated by inflammatory mediators to express adhesion molecules that facilitate the adhesion of leucocytes to the blood vessel walls and their migration across the walls. The initial interactions (called capture and rolling) a ...
... Within inflamed tissues, the endothelial cells lining blood vessels are activated by inflammatory mediators to express adhesion molecules that facilitate the adhesion of leucocytes to the blood vessel walls and their migration across the walls. The initial interactions (called capture and rolling) a ...
Cells and tissues of the immune system
... Antigen uptake - phagocytosis Phagocytic cells: Granulocytes Monocytes Macrophages Dendritic cells ...
... Antigen uptake - phagocytosis Phagocytic cells: Granulocytes Monocytes Macrophages Dendritic cells ...
Immunology
... spontaneous non antigen recognizing. Lack surface antigen receptors but recognize certain surface sugars on infected or cancerous cells Release cytolytic chemicals (perforins) that attack a targets cell's cell membrane and bore hole. Granzymes are released and cellular enzymes disrupted. Present in ...
... spontaneous non antigen recognizing. Lack surface antigen receptors but recognize certain surface sugars on infected or cancerous cells Release cytolytic chemicals (perforins) that attack a targets cell's cell membrane and bore hole. Granzymes are released and cellular enzymes disrupted. Present in ...
Lymphatic System
... pathogens. Lymphocytes produce hormone like peptides called interferons. (Viruses/ tumor cells). Fever: the raise in temperature cause the spleen and liver to take away iron in the blood which is needed for bacteria/fungi as the temp rises. Inflammation: blood flow to region of infection increases ...
... pathogens. Lymphocytes produce hormone like peptides called interferons. (Viruses/ tumor cells). Fever: the raise in temperature cause the spleen and liver to take away iron in the blood which is needed for bacteria/fungi as the temp rises. Inflammation: blood flow to region of infection increases ...
powerpoint
... to be leaky. White blood cells then cross over into the tissue. Many are phagocytes that engulf and destroy bacteria. Tissue swells you say ouch! Immune can release chemicals that increases (yep, you make the temp) =Fever . High temp stops or slows the growth of many pathogens (Bacteria can replic ...
... to be leaky. White blood cells then cross over into the tissue. Many are phagocytes that engulf and destroy bacteria. Tissue swells you say ouch! Immune can release chemicals that increases (yep, you make the temp) =Fever . High temp stops or slows the growth of many pathogens (Bacteria can replic ...
Tissues of the immune system
... Such as Bone marrow and thymus B- peripheral lymphoid organs or secondary organs Where lymphocytes responses to foreign Ags Such as :spleen ,lymph nodes,cutaneous and mucosal immune system . ...
... Such as Bone marrow and thymus B- peripheral lymphoid organs or secondary organs Where lymphocytes responses to foreign Ags Such as :spleen ,lymph nodes,cutaneous and mucosal immune system . ...
Immun System/PART 2 The immune adaptive defense system
... system and leads to bacteriolysis. 3- immune-complex activate the phagocytosis of neutrophils and microphages 4- antibodies are able to neutralize viruses. 5- activating the complement system. ...
... system and leads to bacteriolysis. 3- immune-complex activate the phagocytosis of neutrophils and microphages 4- antibodies are able to neutralize viruses. 5- activating the complement system. ...
An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an organism
... Newborn infants have no prior exposure to microbes and are particularly vulnerable to infection. Several layers of passive protection are provided by the mother. During pregnancy, a particular type of antibody, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta, so human bab ...
... Newborn infants have no prior exposure to microbes and are particularly vulnerable to infection. Several layers of passive protection are provided by the mother. During pregnancy, a particular type of antibody, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta, so human bab ...
Immune System
... ▫ When pathogens are detected: White blood cells flood area through blood vessels near wound Many WBC are phagocytes – engulf and destroy ...
... ▫ When pathogens are detected: White blood cells flood area through blood vessels near wound Many WBC are phagocytes – engulf and destroy ...
presentation
... The Immune System – The immune system responds to the presence of antigens, specific complex protein molecules associated with bacteria, viruses and other foreign bodies – Humoral immune response produces antibodies (Blymphocytes) – Cell-mediated immunity (T-lymphocytes) – Specific defense against ...
... The Immune System – The immune system responds to the presence of antigens, specific complex protein molecules associated with bacteria, viruses and other foreign bodies – Humoral immune response produces antibodies (Blymphocytes) – Cell-mediated immunity (T-lymphocytes) – Specific defense against ...
Phagocyte
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neutrophil_with_anthrax_copy.jpg?width=300)
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.