Intro to the Lymphatic System
... Activated pain receptors – forces rest Chemotaxis – chemical gradient attracts phagocytes and other white blood cells Vasodilation ...
... Activated pain receptors – forces rest Chemotaxis – chemical gradient attracts phagocytes and other white blood cells Vasodilation ...
The Inflammatory Response
... – This causes the receptor protein to change shape. Now the signal is changed into another form that the cell can recognize that will cause it to respond in a specific way. – This may occur in multiple steps called a CASCADE. ...
... – This causes the receptor protein to change shape. Now the signal is changed into another form that the cell can recognize that will cause it to respond in a specific way. – This may occur in multiple steps called a CASCADE. ...
Immune System Basics - Wayzata Public Schools
... ◦ Bacteria – Live on their own and are in soil, animals, and in the human body. ◦ Virus – Smaller than bacteria, can only live inside the host cell. ...
... ◦ Bacteria – Live on their own and are in soil, animals, and in the human body. ◦ Virus – Smaller than bacteria, can only live inside the host cell. ...
Immunopharmacology
... complement(补体), lysozyme(溶菌酶)), and cellular (macrophages, neutrophils) components ...
... complement(补体), lysozyme(溶菌酶)), and cellular (macrophages, neutrophils) components ...
PEER Module Test Template - Partnerships for Environmental
... recognized by T-killer cells. The T-killer cells lyse the viral cells and the B-cells inactivate the free virus particles, which are then ingested by the white blood cells. In the case of viral infections, memory cells are produced which provide for a quicker immune response if the same virus ever e ...
... recognized by T-killer cells. The T-killer cells lyse the viral cells and the B-cells inactivate the free virus particles, which are then ingested by the white blood cells. In the case of viral infections, memory cells are produced which provide for a quicker immune response if the same virus ever e ...
Endocrinology 5b – Adrenal steroids, anti-inflammatory and
... and cytokines in response to complement and antigen o Tissue macrophages – release cytokines, chemoattractants and other mediators, engulf debris, dead cells and micro-organisms o Endothelial cells – release vasodilators and other mediators and contribute to angiogenesis o Fibroblasts – produce matr ...
... and cytokines in response to complement and antigen o Tissue macrophages – release cytokines, chemoattractants and other mediators, engulf debris, dead cells and micro-organisms o Endothelial cells – release vasodilators and other mediators and contribute to angiogenesis o Fibroblasts – produce matr ...
Chapter 24: The Immune System
... pathogens and target them for destruction (via several different mechanisms!) ...
... pathogens and target them for destruction (via several different mechanisms!) ...
Infectious Disease PPT worksheet
... Bacteria. By using the cells’ equipment, Viruses reproduce themselves with astonishing speed. Viruses take over the cell’s genetic material and force it to reproduce more viruses. The new viruses then move on to infect other cells. Most people suffer through at least one cold, or upper respiratory t ...
... Bacteria. By using the cells’ equipment, Viruses reproduce themselves with astonishing speed. Viruses take over the cell’s genetic material and force it to reproduce more viruses. The new viruses then move on to infect other cells. Most people suffer through at least one cold, or upper respiratory t ...
Guide 21
... can quickly reach the site of an invasion where they can react directly with antigens - molecules that the body recognizes as foreign substances. When activated, the complement proteins can trigger inflammation attract eater cells such as macrophages to the area ...
... can quickly reach the site of an invasion where they can react directly with antigens - molecules that the body recognizes as foreign substances. When activated, the complement proteins can trigger inflammation attract eater cells such as macrophages to the area ...
IB280 SEMINAR Dr. France-Isabelle Auzanneau, Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph
... Tumor Associated Carbohydrate antigens: Synthetic chemistry and molecular modelling studies Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant class of natural products. In addition to being a source of energy, numerous oligo- and poly- saccharides have functional roles in various biological events such as ...
... Tumor Associated Carbohydrate antigens: Synthetic chemistry and molecular modelling studies Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant class of natural products. In addition to being a source of energy, numerous oligo- and poly- saccharides have functional roles in various biological events such as ...
1. dia - Department of Immunology
... receptor homologous region) adaptors and two protein kinases are required for most microbial perception. This circumstance lends itself to effective pharmacotherapeutic intervention. NF-B, nuclear factor-B; STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. ...
... receptor homologous region) adaptors and two protein kinases are required for most microbial perception. This circumstance lends itself to effective pharmacotherapeutic intervention. NF-B, nuclear factor-B; STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. ...
Immune System
... Blood Cells • The Inflammatory Response • Antimicrobial Proteins • Natural Killer Cells ...
... Blood Cells • The Inflammatory Response • Antimicrobial Proteins • Natural Killer Cells ...
Co-receptors
... specificity of the response; only T cells that recognise this antigen will be activated. The second signal (called signal 2 or co-stimulatory signal) is provided by a costimulatory molecule. The better characterised one is CD28, among others (ICOS, OX40, CD46…). Without receiving a second signal, th ...
... specificity of the response; only T cells that recognise this antigen will be activated. The second signal (called signal 2 or co-stimulatory signal) is provided by a costimulatory molecule. The better characterised one is CD28, among others (ICOS, OX40, CD46…). Without receiving a second signal, th ...
The Immune System - Mercer Island School District
... The essential function is to protect the body from outside organisms and diseases. This system is comprised of a variety of cells and a series of organs that keep running continuously. The immune system protects the body from disease by either purging the body of the unhealthy cells or by destroying ...
... The essential function is to protect the body from outside organisms and diseases. This system is comprised of a variety of cells and a series of organs that keep running continuously. The immune system protects the body from disease by either purging the body of the unhealthy cells or by destroying ...
The Lymphatic System
... • Antibodies are proteins that protect from pathogens • Three aspects of adaptive defense – Antigen specific—recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances – Systemic—not restricted to the initial infection site – Memory—recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pa ...
... • Antibodies are proteins that protect from pathogens • Three aspects of adaptive defense – Antigen specific—recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances – Systemic—not restricted to the initial infection site – Memory—recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pa ...
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
... • Mature T-cells have T cell receptors which have a very similar structure to antibodies and are specific to 1 antigen. • They are activated when the receptor comes into contact with the Ag with another host cell (e.g. on a macrophage membrane or an invaded body cell) ...
... • Mature T-cells have T cell receptors which have a very similar structure to antibodies and are specific to 1 antigen. • They are activated when the receptor comes into contact with the Ag with another host cell (e.g. on a macrophage membrane or an invaded body cell) ...
35.2 Defenses against Infection
... antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph • The response is activated when antibodies on B cells bind to antigens on a pathogen. • Antibodies have two antigen binding sites on the prongs of the “Y” • These bind to specific antigens ...
... antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph • The response is activated when antibodies on B cells bind to antigens on a pathogen. • Antibodies have two antigen binding sites on the prongs of the “Y” • These bind to specific antigens ...
General Information
... Is like a screen in a window….it keeps the bugs out. The body’s defense against illness. It keeps the body healthy and prevents infections. It is made of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body. ...
... Is like a screen in a window….it keeps the bugs out. The body’s defense against illness. It keeps the body healthy and prevents infections. It is made of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body. ...
Microscopic Level – Cells of the Epidermis
... composed of four to five layers (depending on body region) of epithelial cells. The top layers of the epidermis are made up ofkeratinocytes, which are cells containing the protein keratin. The keratinocytes on the most superficial layer of the epidermis are dead, and periodically slough away, being ...
... composed of four to five layers (depending on body region) of epithelial cells. The top layers of the epidermis are made up ofkeratinocytes, which are cells containing the protein keratin. The keratinocytes on the most superficial layer of the epidermis are dead, and periodically slough away, being ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.