Immunology targets: Explain the role of pathogens in illness
... Virus – non-living, nucleic acids wrapped in protein Parasite – organisms that live on or inside other organisms Infection – invasion by a pathogen Immune System – body system that protects the body from pathogens Mucous membranes – Internal body surfaces that come into contact with the environment ...
... Virus – non-living, nucleic acids wrapped in protein Parasite – organisms that live on or inside other organisms Infection – invasion by a pathogen Immune System – body system that protects the body from pathogens Mucous membranes – Internal body surfaces that come into contact with the environment ...
What Causes Infectious Diseases
... A single celled micro-organism, bacteria can live almost anywhere. Abundant in air, soil, and water. Some bacteria produce poisons that are harmful to human cells. If there are enough bacteria and a person is not immune, death results. When bacteria enter the body they multiply at a rapid rate throu ...
... A single celled micro-organism, bacteria can live almost anywhere. Abundant in air, soil, and water. Some bacteria produce poisons that are harmful to human cells. If there are enough bacteria and a person is not immune, death results. When bacteria enter the body they multiply at a rapid rate throu ...
Bacterial Immunity and Host Defense Mechanisms
... 2 different modes i.e. activation of macrophages and CTCs. Both CD4+ (Th) and CD8+ cells (Tc) have role in this immune response. Once the MHC bound antigen is presented by APCs (antigen presenting cells) to Th cells, which type of Th cell subset is to be activated is being decided by type of IL mole ...
... 2 different modes i.e. activation of macrophages and CTCs. Both CD4+ (Th) and CD8+ cells (Tc) have role in this immune response. Once the MHC bound antigen is presented by APCs (antigen presenting cells) to Th cells, which type of Th cell subset is to be activated is being decided by type of IL mole ...
SUN-206 Inhibition of MMP-9 gene expression and cancer cell
... similar with the ones induced by VEGF in HED, while control cells display an inverse cellular behavior. When physiologically inhibiting MMP action with TIMP-1, there is a marked reduction of the cells proliferative capacity with an induction of early apoptosis mechanisms. Studying MCP-1 action, depe ...
... similar with the ones induced by VEGF in HED, while control cells display an inverse cellular behavior. When physiologically inhibiting MMP action with TIMP-1, there is a marked reduction of the cells proliferative capacity with an induction of early apoptosis mechanisms. Studying MCP-1 action, depe ...
The Science of Immunity
... was then recognized that both humoral [chemical] molecules and immune cells mediate the host defense. William Cooley in 1891 cured soft tissue malignant sarcomas, using an anti-tumor fraction akin to what we see today as toxic shock. His particular toxin- a polysaccharide released from bacterial mem ...
... was then recognized that both humoral [chemical] molecules and immune cells mediate the host defense. William Cooley in 1891 cured soft tissue malignant sarcomas, using an anti-tumor fraction akin to what we see today as toxic shock. His particular toxin- a polysaccharide released from bacterial mem ...
Haemophilus influenzae
... functions in defense against extracellular microbes. Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes and their products, such as cytokines, and is important for defense against intracellular microbes. Immunity may be acquired by a response to antigen (active immunity) or conferred by transfer of ...
... functions in defense against extracellular microbes. Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes and their products, such as cytokines, and is important for defense against intracellular microbes. Immunity may be acquired by a response to antigen (active immunity) or conferred by transfer of ...
Regions of the Respiratory Tract Airfl ow through the respiratory
... Th e last seven generations form the respiratory zones where gas exchange occurs . It made up of transitional and respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli . Th e alveoli are lined by two types of epithelial cells. 1- Type I cells are fl at cells with large cytoplasmic extensions and are ...
... Th e last seven generations form the respiratory zones where gas exchange occurs . It made up of transitional and respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli . Th e alveoli are lined by two types of epithelial cells. 1- Type I cells are fl at cells with large cytoplasmic extensions and are ...
Immunology
... Epitopes recognized by B cells are most accessible sites • Epitopes recognized by T cells are on the surface of APCs in association with MHC ...
... Epitopes recognized by B cells are most accessible sites • Epitopes recognized by T cells are on the surface of APCs in association with MHC ...
Immune System ppt
... like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, chills, fever, fatigue, body aches. Virus is multiplying, antibodies are made but ineffective for complete virus removal Phase II: within six months to 10 years; opportunistic infections present, Helper T cells affected, 5% may not progress to next phase ...
... like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, chills, fever, fatigue, body aches. Virus is multiplying, antibodies are made but ineffective for complete virus removal Phase II: within six months to 10 years; opportunistic infections present, Helper T cells affected, 5% may not progress to next phase ...
Viruses
... Cytotoxic T Cells – Cells that make poison granules to kill the virus/pathogen Natural Killer Cells - Cells that kill any infected or out of control (cancer) cells ...
... Cytotoxic T Cells – Cells that make poison granules to kill the virus/pathogen Natural Killer Cells - Cells that kill any infected or out of control (cancer) cells ...
chapter 22 - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... External Barriers to Invasion 1. The ________ is an inhospitable environment for ______________ growth 2. ________, _________ _________, and _____________ defend mucous membranes against microbes (Figure 22-2) B. ___________________ Internal Defenses Combat ____________ 1. __________________ cells a ...
... External Barriers to Invasion 1. The ________ is an inhospitable environment for ______________ growth 2. ________, _________ _________, and _____________ defend mucous membranes against microbes (Figure 22-2) B. ___________________ Internal Defenses Combat ____________ 1. __________________ cells a ...
Cell cooperation in immune response
... signal for T or B cells. A number of interactions are involved in the activation of both T and B cells. T cell activation of B-cells depend on two signals. The first one is specific and depend on recognition of antigen by the B-cell through the B cell surface receptor. This signal alone is not enoug ...
... signal for T or B cells. A number of interactions are involved in the activation of both T and B cells. T cell activation of B-cells depend on two signals. The first one is specific and depend on recognition of antigen by the B-cell through the B cell surface receptor. This signal alone is not enoug ...
Overview
... that cause a particular disease is called immunity. You were born with some immunities that were passed on to you from your mother. These immunities lasted for a few months, after which you began to produce antibodies on your own. ...
... that cause a particular disease is called immunity. You were born with some immunities that were passed on to you from your mother. These immunities lasted for a few months, after which you began to produce antibodies on your own. ...
Cytokines In Health and Disease General Properties of Cytokines
... o When innate immune response is very strong against a virus IL-12 and type I IFNs are most important for CTL response After naïve T cell receives first two signals necessary for activation, a third signal from IL-12 (or type I IFNs) is required for further proliferation of CTLs Effector CTLs ...
... o When innate immune response is very strong against a virus IL-12 and type I IFNs are most important for CTL response After naïve T cell receives first two signals necessary for activation, a third signal from IL-12 (or type I IFNs) is required for further proliferation of CTLs Effector CTLs ...
Lymphatic System and Immunity
... • Mucous membranes- line internal surfaces exposed to outside. Nose, mouth, lungs, eyelids, sex organs ...
... • Mucous membranes- line internal surfaces exposed to outside. Nose, mouth, lungs, eyelids, sex organs ...
File
... Cell mediated immunity: _______ cells attack foreign, antigen-bearing cells, such as bacteria, by direct cell-to-cell contact, providing cellmediated immunity. The activation of this cell requires the presence of an antigen-presenting cell, such as a B cell or macrophage, that has already encountere ...
... Cell mediated immunity: _______ cells attack foreign, antigen-bearing cells, such as bacteria, by direct cell-to-cell contact, providing cellmediated immunity. The activation of this cell requires the presence of an antigen-presenting cell, such as a B cell or macrophage, that has already encountere ...
Immunology Basics 1 - 8 Oct 2015
... ‘Cellular’ when involving T lymphocytes, various cytokines and killer T lymphocytes IN FACT - these are not as clearcut and there are many examples of both these ‘systems’ co-operating ...
... ‘Cellular’ when involving T lymphocytes, various cytokines and killer T lymphocytes IN FACT - these are not as clearcut and there are many examples of both these ‘systems’ co-operating ...
Immune Response 1. Cells involved in the Immune response #1. B
... NK Cells: A lymphocyte that is part of the body’s initial innate immunity, which by unknown mechanisms is able to directly destroy cells recognized as foreign. It is not considered the main two types, but rather a third type of lymphocyte. In several immunodeficiency diseases, including AIDS, NK cel ...
... NK Cells: A lymphocyte that is part of the body’s initial innate immunity, which by unknown mechanisms is able to directly destroy cells recognized as foreign. It is not considered the main two types, but rather a third type of lymphocyte. In several immunodeficiency diseases, including AIDS, NK cel ...
Higher Human Biology Unit 4 Pupil Notes Chapter 21 Body defends
... Body has 3 lines of defence First two are non-specific, work against any type of disease causing agent First line of defence, mechanism employed 1. Skin (physical and chemical defence) 2. Acid secretions by stomach 3. Mucus secretion, epithelial lining of trachea First line of defence Skin surface c ...
... Body has 3 lines of defence First two are non-specific, work against any type of disease causing agent First line of defence, mechanism employed 1. Skin (physical and chemical defence) 2. Acid secretions by stomach 3. Mucus secretion, epithelial lining of trachea First line of defence Skin surface c ...
lect 4& immun 2011
... Mammalian cells normally have sialic acid residues covering the sugar groups recognized by MBL and are not a target for binding. ...
... Mammalian cells normally have sialic acid residues covering the sugar groups recognized by MBL and are not a target for binding. ...
Villi: Structure and Fun!(ction) - Silva Health Magnet High School
... Nucleus – stains dark purple Effective in fighting infectious organisms Act against a specific foreign molecule (antigen) ...
... Nucleus – stains dark purple Effective in fighting infectious organisms Act against a specific foreign molecule (antigen) ...
chapter16
... inserted into the lumen of the ER MHC I proteins bind to the peptides and then are displayed on the cell’s surface CD8+ Tc cells recognize these microbial peptides and kill the cell Puncturing holes in the membrane with perforin Inducing a death signal that causes DNA fragmentation ...
... inserted into the lumen of the ER MHC I proteins bind to the peptides and then are displayed on the cell’s surface CD8+ Tc cells recognize these microbial peptides and kill the cell Puncturing holes in the membrane with perforin Inducing a death signal that causes DNA fragmentation ...
Introduction - Virtual Medical Academy
... צּAll cells including bacteria have markers that are recognize the person's antibodies called MHC proteins (Major Histo Compatibility complex proteins). צּThese markers are on the surface of the body's own cells allow lymphocytes to distinguish self (body's own cells) from non-self ...
... צּAll cells including bacteria have markers that are recognize the person's antibodies called MHC proteins (Major Histo Compatibility complex proteins). צּThese markers are on the surface of the body's own cells allow lymphocytes to distinguish self (body's own cells) from non-self ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.