Introduction to Blood :
... Upon Antigen entry: Innate immune response (phagocytosis, soluble proteins, NK cells depending on the Ag in question) localizes Ag, attempts to lyse it and/or phagocytose it. This ...
... Upon Antigen entry: Innate immune response (phagocytosis, soluble proteins, NK cells depending on the Ag in question) localizes Ag, attempts to lyse it and/or phagocytose it. This ...
Office hours
... Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course students will be expected to: •Describe the various cells and organs of the immune system, including the role of each during the immune response. •Compare and contrast innate and acquired immunity, including their specific components and effector mec ...
... Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course students will be expected to: •Describe the various cells and organs of the immune system, including the role of each during the immune response. •Compare and contrast innate and acquired immunity, including their specific components and effector mec ...
1-2 Intro
... impact on many more diseases • New therapies based on biology • Potential for major role in emerging therapies (gene therapy, stem cell therapy) ...
... impact on many more diseases • New therapies based on biology • Potential for major role in emerging therapies (gene therapy, stem cell therapy) ...
Set 6 Immune System and Vaccines
... Immunodeficiency: for some reason the adaptive immune system does not work Autoimmune diseases: the immune system cannot distinguish self and non-self This is for disambiguation and clarification-AIDS (Module 4) is an example of an ...
... Immunodeficiency: for some reason the adaptive immune system does not work Autoimmune diseases: the immune system cannot distinguish self and non-self This is for disambiguation and clarification-AIDS (Module 4) is an example of an ...
Human Immune Responses
... their cell membranes are called antigen presenting cells (APCs). • Macrophages engulf attacking pathogens. • Some of pathogens’ surface proteins (antigen) are added to macrophages’ membranes. • Helper T (Th) cells recognise these proteins (antigens) as non-self as well as the macrophages class 2 mar ...
... their cell membranes are called antigen presenting cells (APCs). • Macrophages engulf attacking pathogens. • Some of pathogens’ surface proteins (antigen) are added to macrophages’ membranes. • Helper T (Th) cells recognise these proteins (antigens) as non-self as well as the macrophages class 2 mar ...
The Immune System Terminology Glossary
... surface marker and are essential for turning on antibody production, activating cytotoxic T cells, and initiating many other immune functions. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)—the virus that causes AIDS. immune response—reaction of the immune system to foreign substances. immunoglobulins—a family ...
... surface marker and are essential for turning on antibody production, activating cytotoxic T cells, and initiating many other immune functions. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)—the virus that causes AIDS. immune response—reaction of the immune system to foreign substances. immunoglobulins—a family ...
At its Heart, Homeostasis Is About T Cells
... Ligation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) initiates a signaling cascade that involves the kinase zeta-chain–associated protein kinase of 70 kDa (ZAP-70) and leads to immune activation. The outcome of this activation pathway is often inflammation. Counter- ...
... Ligation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) initiates a signaling cascade that involves the kinase zeta-chain–associated protein kinase of 70 kDa (ZAP-70) and leads to immune activation. The outcome of this activation pathway is often inflammation. Counter- ...
Mediators of Immediate Hypersensitivity
... bronchial asthma), a second , late-phase reaction sets in 2 to 24 hours later without additional exposure to antigen and may last for several days. This late-phase reaction is characterized by infiltration of tissues with eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and CD4+ T cells, as well as t ...
... bronchial asthma), a second , late-phase reaction sets in 2 to 24 hours later without additional exposure to antigen and may last for several days. This late-phase reaction is characterized by infiltration of tissues with eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and CD4+ T cells, as well as t ...
VACCINES - Rovira i Virgili University
... Traditional vaccines contain either parts of microbes or whole microbes that have been killed or weakened so that they don’t cause the disease. - take advantage of the body’s to learn how to ...
... Traditional vaccines contain either parts of microbes or whole microbes that have been killed or weakened so that they don’t cause the disease. - take advantage of the body’s to learn how to ...
Immune Primer - Life Sciences Outreach Program
... movie of the inflammatory response you must choose Inflammation Movie from the top of the list. 14. What enters the body with a knife to generate an inflammatory response? 15. What chemical is released from damaged cells? 16. Blood cells diffuse into capillaries and cause the blood vessels to dilate ...
... movie of the inflammatory response you must choose Inflammation Movie from the top of the list. 14. What enters the body with a knife to generate an inflammatory response? 15. What chemical is released from damaged cells? 16. Blood cells diffuse into capillaries and cause the blood vessels to dilate ...
Acting Out the Immune Response - The American Association of
... invading pathogens, or disease causing agents. Such agents could include a wide variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, venom, or parasites. If one of these pathogens does enter the body, it is met by a host of other defenses. The pathogen is fought in a specific way dependi ...
... invading pathogens, or disease causing agents. Such agents could include a wide variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, venom, or parasites. If one of these pathogens does enter the body, it is met by a host of other defenses. The pathogen is fought in a specific way dependi ...
The importance of the immune system
... Cells with the appropriate receptor migrate (chemotax) up chemokine gradient Chemokines also promote cell adhesion to endothelium Lymphoid chemokines – help direct the homeostatic trafficking of cells through lymphoid tissues (e.g. CCR7 / CCL21; CXCR5 / CXCL13) Inflammatory chemokines – induced at s ...
... Cells with the appropriate receptor migrate (chemotax) up chemokine gradient Chemokines also promote cell adhesion to endothelium Lymphoid chemokines – help direct the homeostatic trafficking of cells through lymphoid tissues (e.g. CCR7 / CCL21; CXCR5 / CXCL13) Inflammatory chemokines – induced at s ...
Detailed Outline and Resources for Lesson Planning
... with appendicitis and/or hepatitis (other organ infections). Use S&RG Ch 12, Ex 2, as an in-class review exercise for primary versus secondary lymphoid tissues ...
... with appendicitis and/or hepatitis (other organ infections). Use S&RG Ch 12, Ex 2, as an in-class review exercise for primary versus secondary lymphoid tissues ...
Human Defence System - Mr Murphy`s Science Blog
... molecules per second during those few days Most of the B-cells die off once the infection has been overcome Some remain, allowing for a secondary immune response ...
... molecules per second during those few days Most of the B-cells die off once the infection has been overcome Some remain, allowing for a secondary immune response ...
The Immune System
... • Natural Killer (NK) Cells- Patrol the body and attack virus-infected cells and cancer cells • Surface receptors (“nametags”) identify these infected/damaged cells • NK cells release chemicals that cause cells to kill themselves, apoptosis (programmed cell death) • Indiscriminate . . . can damage s ...
... • Natural Killer (NK) Cells- Patrol the body and attack virus-infected cells and cancer cells • Surface receptors (“nametags”) identify these infected/damaged cells • NK cells release chemicals that cause cells to kill themselves, apoptosis (programmed cell death) • Indiscriminate . . . can damage s ...
Blood
... The hematocrit is defined as the percentage of erythrocytes per unit level of blood If whole blood is centrifuged, the cells and the plasma will separate The erythrocytes, which are heavy, will pack into the bottom of the tube The plasma will be at the top of the tube The leukocytes and platelets wi ...
... The hematocrit is defined as the percentage of erythrocytes per unit level of blood If whole blood is centrifuged, the cells and the plasma will separate The erythrocytes, which are heavy, will pack into the bottom of the tube The plasma will be at the top of the tube The leukocytes and platelets wi ...
Concept check 31 - Plain Local Schools
... 2. Describe the body’s inflammatory response at a small site, such as a mosquito bite. Histamines cause vessels to expand. Leaky vessels allow extra plasma into the area. Chemicals attract phagocytes and other white cells. Together these cause redness, pain, heat, and swelling. ...
... 2. Describe the body’s inflammatory response at a small site, such as a mosquito bite. Histamines cause vessels to expand. Leaky vessels allow extra plasma into the area. Chemicals attract phagocytes and other white cells. Together these cause redness, pain, heat, and swelling. ...
Chapter 43 Student Guided Notes
... o _____________________________________ in tears, saliva, mucous secretions, and tears kill bacteria that enter the upper respiratory tract or the openings around the _________________. o _________________________ destroys most pathogens before they can enter the intestinal tract. o Secretions from ...
... o _____________________________________ in tears, saliva, mucous secretions, and tears kill bacteria that enter the upper respiratory tract or the openings around the _________________. o _________________________ destroys most pathogens before they can enter the intestinal tract. o Secretions from ...
What are cytokines and chemokines?
... Per-wired first line of defense (more primitive) Recognizes ~103 pathogen derived molecules (analogous to antigens) Most important during initial minutes and hours of infection Macrophages, Granulocytes and NK cells Adaptive Immunity ...
... Per-wired first line of defense (more primitive) Recognizes ~103 pathogen derived molecules (analogous to antigens) Most important during initial minutes and hours of infection Macrophages, Granulocytes and NK cells Adaptive Immunity ...
Fungal killing by mammalian phagocytic cells
... The role for mannan receptors TLR2 and TLR4 has also been under intense scrutiny. TLR2 was proposed to be important in immunity against C. albicans, while TLR4 was not [9]. However, studies with knockout mice and mutant C. albicans strains have shown the importance of TLR4 [10]. Galectin-3 is a b- ...
... The role for mannan receptors TLR2 and TLR4 has also been under intense scrutiny. TLR2 was proposed to be important in immunity against C. albicans, while TLR4 was not [9]. However, studies with knockout mice and mutant C. albicans strains have shown the importance of TLR4 [10]. Galectin-3 is a b- ...
Chapter 21
... specific antigen; mature and become “immunocompetent” in bone marrow 2. T lymphocytes (T cells) - cellular immunity; mature and become “immunocompetent” in thymus with hormone direction 3. Antigen receptors - B + T cells produce random receptors on cell surface for random antigens by random combinat ...
... specific antigen; mature and become “immunocompetent” in bone marrow 2. T lymphocytes (T cells) - cellular immunity; mature and become “immunocompetent” in thymus with hormone direction 3. Antigen receptors - B + T cells produce random receptors on cell surface for random antigens by random combinat ...
Host-Microbe Interactions - Ch 17
... Organism multiplies to high numbers on host surface then produces toxin that interferes with cell function E. coli O157:H7 and Vibrio cholerae ...
... Organism multiplies to high numbers on host surface then produces toxin that interferes with cell function E. coli O157:H7 and Vibrio cholerae ...
Cell Mediated Immunity
... Inhibitory receptors include: CD94, ILT2, and Killer Inhibitory Receptors (KIRs), which bind class I or class I-like molecules. Inhibitory receptor signals suppress signals from activating receptors. o NK cells perform two major effector functions: Cytotoxicity: kill targets by same perforin/g ...
... Inhibitory receptors include: CD94, ILT2, and Killer Inhibitory Receptors (KIRs), which bind class I or class I-like molecules. Inhibitory receptor signals suppress signals from activating receptors. o NK cells perform two major effector functions: Cytotoxicity: kill targets by same perforin/g ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.