Topic 6A Human Physiology
... 10. Application: External and internal intercostal 4. Type II pneumocytes secrete a solution muscles, and diaphragm and abdominal muscles containing surfactant that creates a moist surface as examples of antagonistic muscle action. inside the alveoli to prevent the sides of the 11. Skill: Guidance: ...
... 10. Application: External and internal intercostal 4. Type II pneumocytes secrete a solution muscles, and diaphragm and abdominal muscles containing surfactant that creates a moist surface as examples of antagonistic muscle action. inside the alveoli to prevent the sides of the 11. Skill: Guidance: ...
AP Biology - Al Young Studios
... 22. Describe the roles of helper T lymphocytes in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. 23. Describe the functions of CD4, cytokines, interleukin-2, and interleukin-1. 24. Explain how class I MHC molecules expose foreign proteins that are synthesized in infected or abnormal cells. 25. Describe th ...
... 22. Describe the roles of helper T lymphocytes in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. 23. Describe the functions of CD4, cytokines, interleukin-2, and interleukin-1. 24. Explain how class I MHC molecules expose foreign proteins that are synthesized in infected or abnormal cells. 25. Describe th ...
Teaching Slides
... destroy the source of inflammation. NO is produced by the protein inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). iNOS is formed in after injury and inflammatory mediators are released. An increase in NO production can lead to tissue injury. Occurs when there’s an increase in inflammatory cytokines ...
... destroy the source of inflammation. NO is produced by the protein inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). iNOS is formed in after injury and inflammatory mediators are released. An increase in NO production can lead to tissue injury. Occurs when there’s an increase in inflammatory cytokines ...
The Immune System
... Secretions from the skin give the skin a pH between 3 and 5, which is acidic enough to prevent colonization of many microbes. Also include proteins such as lysozyme, an enzyme that digests the cell walls of many bacteria. ...
... Secretions from the skin give the skin a pH between 3 and 5, which is acidic enough to prevent colonization of many microbes. Also include proteins such as lysozyme, an enzyme that digests the cell walls of many bacteria. ...
Name: - Welcome to the Dendritic Cell Symposium 2017
... Title: Dendritic cells in mice and men Dendritic cells (DCs) are important cells for the presentation of antigens. In dependence of the surroundings, DCs are capable of presentation of antigen in an immature or mature state. Therefore, immune responses are tightly regulated by the DCs, as T cells re ...
... Title: Dendritic cells in mice and men Dendritic cells (DCs) are important cells for the presentation of antigens. In dependence of the surroundings, DCs are capable of presentation of antigen in an immature or mature state. Therefore, immune responses are tightly regulated by the DCs, as T cells re ...
Presentation
... Cells with the appropriate receptor migrate (chemotax) up chemokine gradient Chemokines also promote cell adhesion to endothelium Lymphoid chemokines – help direct the homeostatic trafficking of cells through lymphoid tissues (e.g. CCR7 / CCL21; CXCR5 / CXCL13) Inflammatory chemokines – induced at s ...
... Cells with the appropriate receptor migrate (chemotax) up chemokine gradient Chemokines also promote cell adhesion to endothelium Lymphoid chemokines – help direct the homeostatic trafficking of cells through lymphoid tissues (e.g. CCR7 / CCL21; CXCR5 / CXCL13) Inflammatory chemokines – induced at s ...
How to Interpret Your Lab Results
... Some fight directly Divided into types by how they look and what they do ...
... Some fight directly Divided into types by how they look and what they do ...
Ch. 43 immune system
... – T-Dependent antigens Have receptors for class II MHC proteins CD4 protein enhances Th cell binding to B-cell in the humoral response. Function in both types of immune responses: 1. Humoral (free invaders in body fluids) 2. Cell-Mediated (infected, defective, foreign cell) ...
... – T-Dependent antigens Have receptors for class II MHC proteins CD4 protein enhances Th cell binding to B-cell in the humoral response. Function in both types of immune responses: 1. Humoral (free invaders in body fluids) 2. Cell-Mediated (infected, defective, foreign cell) ...
Understanding the Immune System
... Use an MHC class I Use an MHC class II molecule to present antigen molecule to present antigen Interact with CD8+ T-Cells Interact with CD4+ T-Cells Cellular Killing T-Cell Help ...
... Use an MHC class I Use an MHC class II molecule to present antigen molecule to present antigen Interact with CD8+ T-Cells Interact with CD4+ T-Cells Cellular Killing T-Cell Help ...
Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiency Diseases (not HIV)
... Congenital malformation that results in defective development of the thymus and the parathyroid glands. Deficient T cell maturation. Absent parathyroids cause abnormal calcium homeostasis and muscle twitching (tetany). Abnormal development of the heart. Facial deformities. Peripheral T cells are abs ...
... Congenital malformation that results in defective development of the thymus and the parathyroid glands. Deficient T cell maturation. Absent parathyroids cause abnormal calcium homeostasis and muscle twitching (tetany). Abnormal development of the heart. Facial deformities. Peripheral T cells are abs ...
The Immune System
... Secretions from the skin give the skin a pH between 3 and 5, which is acidic enough to prevent colonization of many microbes. Also include proteins such as lysozyme, an enzyme that digests the cell walls of many bacteria. ...
... Secretions from the skin give the skin a pH between 3 and 5, which is acidic enough to prevent colonization of many microbes. Also include proteins such as lysozyme, an enzyme that digests the cell walls of many bacteria. ...
The Adaptive Immune Response B
... The innate immune system provides immediate protection. The adaptive response takes time to develop and is antigen specific. ...
... The innate immune system provides immediate protection. The adaptive response takes time to develop and is antigen specific. ...
Lesson 1 Nutrition, Diet & CHD
... antibodies in the blood starts to rise. But, the immune response leaves memory cells in the blood. If a second invasion occurs by the same pathogen, rapid production of plasma cells occurs, which releases ...
... antibodies in the blood starts to rise. But, the immune response leaves memory cells in the blood. If a second invasion occurs by the same pathogen, rapid production of plasma cells occurs, which releases ...
Immune system and Cancer
... - large complex molecules not normally in the body - "non-self" - self-antigens - protein molecules on your cells that mark them as "yours"; these are antigens to other people - MHC (major histocompatibility proteins) ...
... - large complex molecules not normally in the body - "non-self" - self-antigens - protein molecules on your cells that mark them as "yours"; these are antigens to other people - MHC (major histocompatibility proteins) ...
GROWTH MEDIA OCULAR INFECTION
... IL-5 Marker of a Th2 response and associated with amelioration of the symptoms [17–24]. IL-6 Associated with a deviant immune response in CCR5-deficient mice [26,27] IL-7 Breakdown of the retinal-blood barrier and an enhancer of inflammation. This cytokine has been reported to be important in the de ...
... IL-5 Marker of a Th2 response and associated with amelioration of the symptoms [17–24]. IL-6 Associated with a deviant immune response in CCR5-deficient mice [26,27] IL-7 Breakdown of the retinal-blood barrier and an enhancer of inflammation. This cytokine has been reported to be important in the de ...
Lecture 2
... such as Staphylococcus , Burkholderia cepacia , Nocardia , Mycobacteria, Serratia , Klebsiella , Pseudomonas species, and fungi, especially Aspergillus species and Candida . • Recurrent bacterial and fungal infections result in lymphadenitis, abscesses, and granuloma formation, with most patients pr ...
... such as Staphylococcus , Burkholderia cepacia , Nocardia , Mycobacteria, Serratia , Klebsiella , Pseudomonas species, and fungi, especially Aspergillus species and Candida . • Recurrent bacterial and fungal infections result in lymphadenitis, abscesses, and granuloma formation, with most patients pr ...
Ch. 11
... • Stationary inside tissues (liver, spleen, lungs, kidney, lymph nodes) • Travel through blood as monocytes…once they settle in an organ, they become a MACROPHAGE • slower to respond to invaders than the granulocyte but they are larger, live longer, and have far greater capacities • Do not completel ...
... • Stationary inside tissues (liver, spleen, lungs, kidney, lymph nodes) • Travel through blood as monocytes…once they settle in an organ, they become a MACROPHAGE • slower to respond to invaders than the granulocyte but they are larger, live longer, and have far greater capacities • Do not completel ...
Cytokines
... to avoid inappropriate responses in a host’s system which would be detrimental to health. In healthy individuals, cytokine action is regulated by their transient production only in response to either antigen or potent inflammatory stimuli, the short half-life of cytokines in extracellular fluids and ...
... to avoid inappropriate responses in a host’s system which would be detrimental to health. In healthy individuals, cytokine action is regulated by their transient production only in response to either antigen or potent inflammatory stimuli, the short half-life of cytokines in extracellular fluids and ...
S1 File - PLoS ONE
... CD8+ T cells. While this opposing behavior is intriguing it is clear that examination of endogenous CD8+ T cell responses is the less artificial setting and reflects more authentically the natural course of an immune response. Nevertheless, it may be instructive to contemplate potential reasons: 1) ...
... CD8+ T cells. While this opposing behavior is intriguing it is clear that examination of endogenous CD8+ T cell responses is the less artificial setting and reflects more authentically the natural course of an immune response. Nevertheless, it may be instructive to contemplate potential reasons: 1) ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.