Cell signalling - The Open University
... organ, such as the brain, to another, such as the adrenal gland. For long-distance signalling, diffusion through the extracellular fluid is obviously inadequate. In such cases, signalling molecules may be transported in the blood. Secretory cells that produce signalling molecules are called endocrin ...
... organ, such as the brain, to another, such as the adrenal gland. For long-distance signalling, diffusion through the extracellular fluid is obviously inadequate. In such cases, signalling molecules may be transported in the blood. Secretory cells that produce signalling molecules are called endocrin ...
Newport Biologics Catalog
... Soft and very drapable, yet easily repositioned for precise adjustment and placement Does not stick to instruments ...
... Soft and very drapable, yet easily repositioned for precise adjustment and placement Does not stick to instruments ...
Sensory TRP Channel Interactions with Endogenous Lipids and
... excitability, rather than directly eliciting neuronal firing. A proposed mechanism for these two mediators states that the increased abundance of TRPV1 channel proteins on surface membranes is due to its upregulated trafficking or TRPV1 protein is phosphorylated [104,105]. In contrast, bradykinin is ...
... excitability, rather than directly eliciting neuronal firing. A proposed mechanism for these two mediators states that the increased abundance of TRPV1 channel proteins on surface membranes is due to its upregulated trafficking or TRPV1 protein is phosphorylated [104,105]. In contrast, bradykinin is ...
Rab Proteins and the Organization of Organelle Membrane Domains
... membrane identity to thereby ensure intracellular transport directionality. Intracellular transport is a multistep process, which includes cargo selection, coated-vesicle formation, directed vesicular movement, target membrane recognition, and fusion. For example, cargo from the extracellular enviro ...
... membrane identity to thereby ensure intracellular transport directionality. Intracellular transport is a multistep process, which includes cargo selection, coated-vesicle formation, directed vesicular movement, target membrane recognition, and fusion. For example, cargo from the extracellular enviro ...
Chloroplast structure: from chlorophyll granules to supra
... nomenclature The nomenclature for the fracture faces and the true surfaces of all types of biological membranes was defined in the paper ‘Freeze-etching nomenclature’ (Branton et al. 1975). Because I was the instigator of this nomenclature, I will provide a brief account of its history here. At the ...
... nomenclature The nomenclature for the fracture faces and the true surfaces of all types of biological membranes was defined in the paper ‘Freeze-etching nomenclature’ (Branton et al. 1975). Because I was the instigator of this nomenclature, I will provide a brief account of its history here. At the ...
Force development by the contractile vacuole
... periodic development of tension in the CVC membrane governs its dynamics and leads to its periodic exocytotic activity. Previous electron-micrographs of thin sections of chemically fixed CVs (Allen and Fok, 1988; Tominaga et al., 1999) have failed to reveal convincing evidence for a contractile fibr ...
... periodic development of tension in the CVC membrane governs its dynamics and leads to its periodic exocytotic activity. Previous electron-micrographs of thin sections of chemically fixed CVs (Allen and Fok, 1988; Tominaga et al., 1999) have failed to reveal convincing evidence for a contractile fibr ...
Dynamics of lipoprotein transport in the human circulatory system
... mutagenesis of key amino acids of receptor- and heparin-binding sites that are absent from pancreatic lipase (Fig. 2). LPL is a serine hydrolase whose active site triad is made up of the $1.~2, Disc, and H24j residues. Consistent with other lipases in this family, the primary sequence of LPL predict ...
... mutagenesis of key amino acids of receptor- and heparin-binding sites that are absent from pancreatic lipase (Fig. 2). LPL is a serine hydrolase whose active site triad is made up of the $1.~2, Disc, and H24j residues. Consistent with other lipases in this family, the primary sequence of LPL predict ...
Undergraduate/Graduate Category: Interdisciplinary Topics, Centers and Institutes Degree Level:Graduate
... • Liposome composed of lipid with neutral spontaneous curvature cannot fuse spontaneously in 50mM CaCl 2 solution at room temperature • Experiments were repeated for 56 times in identical conditions, liposome fusion was found in 5 of them ...
... • Liposome composed of lipid with neutral spontaneous curvature cannot fuse spontaneously in 50mM CaCl 2 solution at room temperature • Experiments were repeated for 56 times in identical conditions, liposome fusion was found in 5 of them ...
Virus Research Influenza virus morphogenesis and budding
... Influenza viruses are enveloped, negative stranded, segmented RNA viruses belonging to Orthomyxoviridae family. Each virion consists of three major sub-viral components, namely (i) a viral envelope decorated with three transmembrane proteins hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and M2, (ii) an inte ...
... Influenza viruses are enveloped, negative stranded, segmented RNA viruses belonging to Orthomyxoviridae family. Each virion consists of three major sub-viral components, namely (i) a viral envelope decorated with three transmembrane proteins hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and M2, (ii) an inte ...
Word - The Open University
... actin; in humans there are six principal isoforms, four of which are found in different types of muscle and the other two (β and γ) in all non-muscle cells. (The term ‘isoform’ describes variants of a protein. These may be produced by different genes, or by differential splicing of the mRNA, or be g ...
... actin; in humans there are six principal isoforms, four of which are found in different types of muscle and the other two (β and γ) in all non-muscle cells. (The term ‘isoform’ describes variants of a protein. These may be produced by different genes, or by differential splicing of the mRNA, or be g ...
assembly of integral membrane proteins from the periplasm into the
... OM takes place is largely unknown, and this chapter aims to give an overview about our current knowledge on the insertion and folding of OMPs from the periplasm into the OM. To understand the insertion and folding process of integral membrane proteins, it is important to consider their transmembrane ...
... OM takes place is largely unknown, and this chapter aims to give an overview about our current knowledge on the insertion and folding of OMPs from the periplasm into the OM. To understand the insertion and folding process of integral membrane proteins, it is important to consider their transmembrane ...
PROTEIN-LIPID INTERPLAY IN FUSION AND FISSION OF
... dashed lines). Although a surface bending is characterized by two principal curvatures (Figure 2D), in practice one uses their combinations, called the total curvature, J ⫽ c1 ⫹ c2, and the Gaussian curvature, K ⫽ c1 䡠 c2, which have a profound geometrical meaning. For mathematical reasons, the Gaus ...
... dashed lines). Although a surface bending is characterized by two principal curvatures (Figure 2D), in practice one uses their combinations, called the total curvature, J ⫽ c1 ⫹ c2, and the Gaussian curvature, K ⫽ c1 䡠 c2, which have a profound geometrical meaning. For mathematical reasons, the Gaus ...
Sphingolipid homeostasis in the web of metabolic routes
... The initial step of de novo SL biosynthesis has been uncovered as an important regulatory point of SL metabolism. The major advances have been made in S. cerevisiae where the discovery of the SPOTS complex led to a significant improvement in the understanding of SPT regulation. In yeast, this complex ...
... The initial step of de novo SL biosynthesis has been uncovered as an important regulatory point of SL metabolism. The major advances have been made in S. cerevisiae where the discovery of the SPOTS complex led to a significant improvement in the understanding of SPT regulation. In yeast, this complex ...
6 Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes
... Increasing the lipid solubility of a substance (decreasing the number of polar or ionized groups it contains) will increase the number of molecules dissolved in the membrane lipids and thus increase its flux across the membrane. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, fatty acids, and steroid hormones are examples ...
... Increasing the lipid solubility of a substance (decreasing the number of polar or ionized groups it contains) will increase the number of molecules dissolved in the membrane lipids and thus increase its flux across the membrane. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, fatty acids, and steroid hormones are examples ...
Molecular Architecture of the Exocyst Complex and its
... Interact with specific Rabs and SNAREs to: Physically “tether” vesicle to target membrane? Provide quality control to ensure correct vesicle and target membranes fuse? ...
... Interact with specific Rabs and SNAREs to: Physically “tether” vesicle to target membrane? Provide quality control to ensure correct vesicle and target membranes fuse? ...
4-Lipoprotein Metabolism2017-04-19 04:103.5 MB
... VLDL remnants Apo E exists in three isoforms: Apo E-2 (Poorly binds to receptors) Apo E-3 Apo E-4 1. Release of VLDL: VLDL are secreted directly into the blood by the liver as nascent VLDL particles containing apo B-100. They must obtain apo C-II ...
... VLDL remnants Apo E exists in three isoforms: Apo E-2 (Poorly binds to receptors) Apo E-3 Apo E-4 1. Release of VLDL: VLDL are secreted directly into the blood by the liver as nascent VLDL particles containing apo B-100. They must obtain apo C-II ...
Ultrastructural studies of t /t mouse embryos
... Both homozygotes can be distinguished from their litter-mates as early as the 2-cell stage by the presence of nuclear lipid droplets and excessive cytoplasmic lipid. In addition, both homozygous mutant embryos often contain binucleate cells, especially in the later cleavage stages. Usually there is ...
... Both homozygotes can be distinguished from their litter-mates as early as the 2-cell stage by the presence of nuclear lipid droplets and excessive cytoplasmic lipid. In addition, both homozygous mutant embryos often contain binucleate cells, especially in the later cleavage stages. Usually there is ...
267 CHAPTER 6 Discussion of Results The aim of
... phospholipids.194 The acetic acid induced writhing response is a sensitive method to evaluate peripherally acting analgesics. The response is considered to be mediated by peritoneal mast cells acid sensing ion channels and the prostaglandin pathway.204-206 The mean response of control and standard w ...
... phospholipids.194 The acetic acid induced writhing response is a sensitive method to evaluate peripherally acting analgesics. The response is considered to be mediated by peritoneal mast cells acid sensing ion channels and the prostaglandin pathway.204-206 The mean response of control and standard w ...
General principles of cellular communication
... nutrients are depleted, the same signal may trigger catabolism and cell death. Although cellular signalling pathways are numerous and complex, there are in fact relatively few pathways in comparison to the diversity of cell types and their intricate molecular processes. For example, development in m ...
... nutrients are depleted, the same signal may trigger catabolism and cell death. Although cellular signalling pathways are numerous and complex, there are in fact relatively few pathways in comparison to the diversity of cell types and their intricate molecular processes. For example, development in m ...
isolation and characterization of the membrane
... The membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules is shown by ultrastructural and biochemical studies to be derived from, and to retain the characteristics of, the host cell plasma membrane. During the early stages of the infection process, which occurs through an invagination, ...
... The membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules is shown by ultrastructural and biochemical studies to be derived from, and to retain the characteristics of, the host cell plasma membrane. During the early stages of the infection process, which occurs through an invagination, ...
Near-UV-induced absorbance change and
... 300-400 nm) with continuous stirring and cooled with ice. Where nitrogen gas and air were bubbled through during irradiation, the cells were suspended in degassed distilled water which was prepared by sonication under reduced pressure. The flow rate of gases was 70 ml min-l. Absorbance changes in ce ...
... 300-400 nm) with continuous stirring and cooled with ice. Where nitrogen gas and air were bubbled through during irradiation, the cells were suspended in degassed distilled water which was prepared by sonication under reduced pressure. The flow rate of gases was 70 ml min-l. Absorbance changes in ce ...
Vesicular transport of newly synthesized opsin from the Golgi
... We used a resolution value in units of half-distance (HD = 157 nm) appropriate for our section thickness.35 Comparable analyses (not reported in results) were carried out using tissues fixed in paraformaldehyde only and on paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixed tissue developed with Kodak D19 or Phen ...
... We used a resolution value in units of half-distance (HD = 157 nm) appropriate for our section thickness.35 Comparable analyses (not reported in results) were carried out using tissues fixed in paraformaldehyde only and on paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixed tissue developed with Kodak D19 or Phen ...
Innexin7a forms junctions that stabilize the basal
... GAP43-YFP as a plasma membrane marker (supplementary material Movie 2). In this movie, t=0 is set at the onset of the eleventh division. The twelfth division (t=1 h) is the last synchronous division and the thirteenth (t=3 h 30 min) is the first asynchronous division of the germ rudiment. (F-J) Stil ...
... GAP43-YFP as a plasma membrane marker (supplementary material Movie 2). In this movie, t=0 is set at the onset of the eleventh division. The twelfth division (t=1 h) is the last synchronous division and the thirteenth (t=3 h 30 min) is the first asynchronous division of the germ rudiment. (F-J) Stil ...
Effect of nanoparticles on the activity of the electrone ion pumps in
... The experiments, carried out on plants are of great importance in investigating the interaction of nanoparticles with living systems. In order to determine the interaction of nanoparticles with plants, their toxity, firstly must be studied their adsorption mechanisms with plants, their activity in o ...
... The experiments, carried out on plants are of great importance in investigating the interaction of nanoparticles with living systems. In order to determine the interaction of nanoparticles with plants, their toxity, firstly must be studied their adsorption mechanisms with plants, their activity in o ...
Liposomal Formulations for Nucleic Acid Delivery
... the nonfusogenic lipid cholesterol [33]. This would suggest that either these lipids have properties which promote delivery through a mechanism which does not require membrane fusion, or that their own fusogenic properties are adequate to support delivery. As described above, cationic lipids are rea ...
... the nonfusogenic lipid cholesterol [33]. This would suggest that either these lipids have properties which promote delivery through a mechanism which does not require membrane fusion, or that their own fusogenic properties are adequate to support delivery. As described above, cationic lipids are rea ...
Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts. These specialized membrane microdomains compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organizing centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, influencing membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, and regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely in the membrane bilayer. Although more common in plasma membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as Golgi and lysosomes.