Lipoprotein Lipase in the Arterial Wall
... The role of apolipoproteins in the interaction between LPL and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during hydrolysis of triglycerides has been studied extensively. Efficient hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins depends on 1 of the several apolipoproteins present on the surface of these particles, ...
... The role of apolipoproteins in the interaction between LPL and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during hydrolysis of triglycerides has been studied extensively. Efficient hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins depends on 1 of the several apolipoproteins present on the surface of these particles, ...
View - Max-Planck
... The chloroplast is the site of eukaryotic photosynthesis and carbon fixation, coupled processes that convert the energy of light into stored biochemical energy, while exchanging environmental CO2 for O2. As such, the chloroplast both directly and indirectly sustains much of the life on our planet. T ...
... The chloroplast is the site of eukaryotic photosynthesis and carbon fixation, coupled processes that convert the energy of light into stored biochemical energy, while exchanging environmental CO2 for O2. As such, the chloroplast both directly and indirectly sustains much of the life on our planet. T ...
Lipopolysaccharide-bound structure of the antimicrobial peptide
... of Gram-negative bacteria, the mechanisms and properties of these functions are not yet fully understood [4]. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria and functions as a permeability barrier against a variety of molecules ...
... of Gram-negative bacteria, the mechanisms and properties of these functions are not yet fully understood [4]. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria and functions as a permeability barrier against a variety of molecules ...
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... E14.5, PTHrP–/– mutant embryos showed accelerated hypertrophy compared with wild-type embryos, as shown by the reduction of the distance from the Col10a1 expression domain to the articular end (Fig. 1C). In the UAS-cIhh;Col2a1-Gal4 mutant embryos, chondrocyte hypertrophy indicated by Col10a1 express ...
... E14.5, PTHrP–/– mutant embryos showed accelerated hypertrophy compared with wild-type embryos, as shown by the reduction of the distance from the Col10a1 expression domain to the articular end (Fig. 1C). In the UAS-cIhh;Col2a1-Gal4 mutant embryos, chondrocyte hypertrophy indicated by Col10a1 express ...
Differential recruitment of Dishevelled provides signaling specificity
... function differently during PCP and Wg signaling, and that divergent intracellular pathways are activated. We propose that Dsh has distinct roles in PCP and Wg signaling. The PCP signal may selectively result in focal Fz activation and asymmetric relocalization of Dsh to the membrane, where Dsh effe ...
... function differently during PCP and Wg signaling, and that divergent intracellular pathways are activated. We propose that Dsh has distinct roles in PCP and Wg signaling. The PCP signal may selectively result in focal Fz activation and asymmetric relocalization of Dsh to the membrane, where Dsh effe ...
Progress in the Correlative Atomic Force Microscopy and Optical
... interactions among different components. Due to the diffraction limit of light, conventional fluorescence microscopes, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), have a limited resolution—a lateral resolution of about 250 nm and a ...
... interactions among different components. Due to the diffraction limit of light, conventional fluorescence microscopes, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), have a limited resolution—a lateral resolution of about 250 nm and a ...
Annexin-Phospholipid Interactions. Functional Implications
... calcium was first determined for annexin A1 [22]. In this protein, as expected from sequence homology to other crystallized annexins and from the structure of the truncated form, the N-terminus runs first through the concave side of the molecule from Domain I to Domain IV as an extended coil. This r ...
... calcium was first determined for annexin A1 [22]. In this protein, as expected from sequence homology to other crystallized annexins and from the structure of the truncated form, the N-terminus runs first through the concave side of the molecule from Domain I to Domain IV as an extended coil. This r ...
Interactions of Annexins with the mu Subunits of the Clathrin
... effectively reduce annexin A2 levels in cells have confirmed the importance of annexin A2 in the localization of transferrin receptor-containing recycling endosomes (10) as well as in the apical transport of vesicles in polarized epithelial cells (11) and in the formation of multivesicular transport ...
... effectively reduce annexin A2 levels in cells have confirmed the importance of annexin A2 in the localization of transferrin receptor-containing recycling endosomes (10) as well as in the apical transport of vesicles in polarized epithelial cells (11) and in the formation of multivesicular transport ...
CONTRIBUTION OF DYSFERLIN-CONTAINING
... committee, who have provided me with critical feedback, reagents, and support over the last several years. There are several people with whom I interacted with that were critical for my professional and personal development. When I joined the Physiology Department I was assigned an informal mentor t ...
... committee, who have provided me with critical feedback, reagents, and support over the last several years. There are several people with whom I interacted with that were critical for my professional and personal development. When I joined the Physiology Department I was assigned an informal mentor t ...
Biogenesis and multifaceted roles of outer membrane
... were free or loosely associated with OMVs. Even after this stringent preparation, the OMVs from multiple bacterial strains showed the presence of cytosolic and inner membrane proteins (Lee et al., 2007). So it appears that there must be a machinery that sorts cytosolic proteins into the OMVs. Severa ...
... were free or loosely associated with OMVs. Even after this stringent preparation, the OMVs from multiple bacterial strains showed the presence of cytosolic and inner membrane proteins (Lee et al., 2007). So it appears that there must be a machinery that sorts cytosolic proteins into the OMVs. Severa ...
Mechanisms of cross-talk between G-protein
... subsequent activation by Gβγ subunits derived from activated δ-opioid receptors in NG108-15 cells [21]. Exactly how Gα q/11 might sensitize PLCβ to Gβγ subunits is not clear, but one possibility is through a conformational change in PLCβ that relieves a steric hindrance to Gβγ binding (Figure 2, A → ...
... subsequent activation by Gβγ subunits derived from activated δ-opioid receptors in NG108-15 cells [21]. Exactly how Gα q/11 might sensitize PLCβ to Gβγ subunits is not clear, but one possibility is through a conformational change in PLCβ that relieves a steric hindrance to Gβγ binding (Figure 2, A → ...
Molecular and cellular requirements for the
... to CCE [16] (AC3, although expressed at adequate levels, is not stimulated by CCE [11]). Remarkably, however, when regulation of these cyclases, either endogenously or exogenously expressed, by CCE is compared with other means of elevating [Ca2+ ]i , i.e. (i) release from intracellular stores, (ii) ...
... to CCE [16] (AC3, although expressed at adequate levels, is not stimulated by CCE [11]). Remarkably, however, when regulation of these cyclases, either endogenously or exogenously expressed, by CCE is compared with other means of elevating [Ca2+ ]i , i.e. (i) release from intracellular stores, (ii) ...
Protons and how they are transported by proton pumps
... pathway. Arg655 is suggested to play a key role in proton release and proton pumping against high membrane potentials [25]. The positive charge of Arg655, now approaching Asp684, will favor proton release from Asp684 and at the same time inhibit reprotonation of Asp684 with an extracellular proton, ...
... pathway. Arg655 is suggested to play a key role in proton release and proton pumping against high membrane potentials [25]. The positive charge of Arg655, now approaching Asp684, will favor proton release from Asp684 and at the same time inhibit reprotonation of Asp684 with an extracellular proton, ...
Liposomes Types, Mechanism,Sizing and Preparation
... that the polar portion of the molecules remains in contact with the polar environment and at the same time shields the non polar part. • Among the amphiphiles used in the drug delivery, viz. soaps detergents, polar lipids; the latter are often employed to form concentric ...
... that the polar portion of the molecules remains in contact with the polar environment and at the same time shields the non polar part. • Among the amphiphiles used in the drug delivery, viz. soaps detergents, polar lipids; the latter are often employed to form concentric ...
The GDP-bound form of Arf6 is located at the plasma membrane
... (Arf6-GTP) and a recycling endosomal compartment (Arf6GDP). In this model, Arf6-GDP would encounter its exchange factor at the surface of an internal compartment to promote the formation of vesicles destined to the plasma membrane. This model has been supported by the observation that expression of ...
... (Arf6-GTP) and a recycling endosomal compartment (Arf6GDP). In this model, Arf6-GDP would encounter its exchange factor at the surface of an internal compartment to promote the formation of vesicles destined to the plasma membrane. This model has been supported by the observation that expression of ...
Plasma Membrane Depolarization and Disturbed Na Homeostasis
... been given surprisingly little attention. It can be predicted that if the decrease in the ATP level and ATP/ADP ratio is sufficiently large to inhibit the Na1, K1/ATPase, this would result in an increase of [Na1]i and depolarization of the plasma membrane. In addition, being protonophores, these age ...
... been given surprisingly little attention. It can be predicted that if the decrease in the ATP level and ATP/ADP ratio is sufficiently large to inhibit the Na1, K1/ATPase, this would result in an increase of [Na1]i and depolarization of the plasma membrane. In addition, being protonophores, these age ...
LCAT activation by apoA-I in HDL3 exposed to HOCl or MPO
... Many Lines of Evidence Support this Model • Epidemiology and clinical trials – Low HDL Strongly and consistently associated with CAD risk ...
... Many Lines of Evidence Support this Model • Epidemiology and clinical trials – Low HDL Strongly and consistently associated with CAD risk ...
The Plant Membrane-Associated REMORIN1.3 Accumulates in
... (Lefebvre et al., 2010). MtSYMREM1 is important for nodule formation and interacts with the Lysin motif domain–containing receptor-like kinase3 (LYK3) symbiotic receptor (Lefebvre et al., 2010). Multiple lines of evidence, therefore, implicate several remorins in cell surface signaling and the accom ...
... (Lefebvre et al., 2010). MtSYMREM1 is important for nodule formation and interacts with the Lysin motif domain–containing receptor-like kinase3 (LYK3) symbiotic receptor (Lefebvre et al., 2010). Multiple lines of evidence, therefore, implicate several remorins in cell surface signaling and the accom ...
Co-translational Targeting and Translocation of the Amino Terminus
... work we examined the specific requirements for this process by removing components from the translation mix before the addition of ER membranes. As before, we generated RBOps by in vitro translation of mRNA that had been truncated at specific positions within the coding region without a stop codon. ...
... work we examined the specific requirements for this process by removing components from the translation mix before the addition of ER membranes. As before, we generated RBOps by in vitro translation of mRNA that had been truncated at specific positions within the coding region without a stop codon. ...
Full-Text PDF
... Annexins are also believed to be involved in membrane-related processes, such as intracellular vesicular trafficking, endo- and exocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy, due to their inherent ability to bind and position the membrane structures in relation to each other in a calcium-dependent manner [ ...
... Annexins are also believed to be involved in membrane-related processes, such as intracellular vesicular trafficking, endo- and exocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy, due to their inherent ability to bind and position the membrane structures in relation to each other in a calcium-dependent manner [ ...
Fluorescence Enhancement of Fluorescein Isothiocyanate
... It has been reported that the degree of fluorescence enhancement of FITC caused by affinity binding was 1.6-fold with protein A ― IgG interaction in PBS [8] and 1.5-fold with DNA interaction [7]. On the other hand, glycerin treatment enhances fluorescence of immobilized FITC-labeled antibody by appr ...
... It has been reported that the degree of fluorescence enhancement of FITC caused by affinity binding was 1.6-fold with protein A ― IgG interaction in PBS [8] and 1.5-fold with DNA interaction [7]. On the other hand, glycerin treatment enhances fluorescence of immobilized FITC-labeled antibody by appr ...
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships
... bonds reduce the flexibility of the hydrocarbon tail and give the lipid a cone shaped conformation, whereas fully saturated lipids are cylindrical. The proportion of different lipids in a bilayer determines the physical properties of the membrane such as thickness, curvature, strength and fluidity [ ...
... bonds reduce the flexibility of the hydrocarbon tail and give the lipid a cone shaped conformation, whereas fully saturated lipids are cylindrical. The proportion of different lipids in a bilayer determines the physical properties of the membrane such as thickness, curvature, strength and fluidity [ ...
Carotenoids as Antioxidants
... Biological Function of lycopene The biological function of lycopene is determined by its structure. Lycopene is a lineal acyclic isomer of β-carotene. It contains 11 conjugated double bonds in the center part of the molecule and 2 unconjugated double bonds at each end ...
... Biological Function of lycopene The biological function of lycopene is determined by its structure. Lycopene is a lineal acyclic isomer of β-carotene. It contains 11 conjugated double bonds in the center part of the molecule and 2 unconjugated double bonds at each end ...
The role of hyaluronic acid in protecting surface
... non-degraded HA on the lysing activity of PLA2 were examined in vitro. Liposomes (lipid model membrane) containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) were used as the substrate, on the assumption that they are appropriate representatives of SAPL. Results. HA adhered to the phospholipid membrane (liposomes), i ...
... non-degraded HA on the lysing activity of PLA2 were examined in vitro. Liposomes (lipid model membrane) containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) were used as the substrate, on the assumption that they are appropriate representatives of SAPL. Results. HA adhered to the phospholipid membrane (liposomes), i ...
Evolving Concepts in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Endocytosis: The
... signaling. The identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying GPCR endocytosis has progressed rapidly in recent years. However, as new information becomes available regarding the multitude of potential molecular interactions between GPCRs, their regulatory proteins and the cellular endocytic ...
... signaling. The identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying GPCR endocytosis has progressed rapidly in recent years. However, as new information becomes available regarding the multitude of potential molecular interactions between GPCRs, their regulatory proteins and the cellular endocytic ...
Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts. These specialized membrane microdomains compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organizing centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, influencing membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, and regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely in the membrane bilayer. Although more common in plasma membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as Golgi and lysosomes.