Transport and Sorting of the Solanum tuberosum Sucrose
... The plant sucrose transporter SUT1 from Solanum tuberosum revealed a dramatic redox-dependent increase in sucrose transport activity when heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant plasma membrane vesicles do not show any change in proton flux across the plasma membrane in the prese ...
... The plant sucrose transporter SUT1 from Solanum tuberosum revealed a dramatic redox-dependent increase in sucrose transport activity when heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant plasma membrane vesicles do not show any change in proton flux across the plasma membrane in the prese ...
Bound by Fate: The Role of Reactive Oxygen
... entire organism. The perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins. The RLKs are a ...
... entire organism. The perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins. The RLKs are a ...
Bound by Fate: Reactive Oxygen Species in
... perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptorlike protein kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). The RLKs are a large ...
... perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptorlike protein kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). The RLKs are a large ...
Dopamine Receptor Signaling
... current is important for regulation of firing rate. This current has at least two components that are activated depending on the membrane potential of the cell. The fast component (IAf) is activated at more depolarized membrane potentials and does not appear to be modulated by D1 receptor stimulatio ...
... current is important for regulation of firing rate. This current has at least two components that are activated depending on the membrane potential of the cell. The fast component (IAf) is activated at more depolarized membrane potentials and does not appear to be modulated by D1 receptor stimulatio ...
Selective and differential interactions of BNN27
... Received 18 February 2016 Received in revised form 11 August 2016 Accepted 7 September 2016 Available online 9 September 2016 ...
... Received 18 February 2016 Received in revised form 11 August 2016 Accepted 7 September 2016 Available online 9 September 2016 ...
Supplementary Data - Institute of Cancer Research
... necessary and sufficient to resolve IMD activation in the presence of PGN (see also Supplementary Fig. 3c). After TCT monomer injections, the heterodimeric LCx/LCa module was required to relay signal, in agreement with previous work. However, no significant increase was observed when either rLCx or ...
... necessary and sufficient to resolve IMD activation in the presence of PGN (see also Supplementary Fig. 3c). After TCT monomer injections, the heterodimeric LCx/LCa module was required to relay signal, in agreement with previous work. However, no significant increase was observed when either rLCx or ...
C. elegans and volatile anesthetics
... physical changes definitely occur in membranes in the presence of volatile anesthetics, relatively small increases in temperature can mimic these effects on membrane fluidity and density without causing anesthesia. For this and other reasons (see below), these early models that hypothesized a genera ...
... physical changes definitely occur in membranes in the presence of volatile anesthetics, relatively small increases in temperature can mimic these effects on membrane fluidity and density without causing anesthesia. For this and other reasons (see below), these early models that hypothesized a genera ...
S C T
... sphingolipids are low (van Meer, 1989). The relative proportions of membrane proteins and lipids vary with the type of membrane. Lipids and membrane proteins are asymmetrically distributed between the inner and outer leaflet and can also be non-randomly distributed within a single leaflet, which is ...
... sphingolipids are low (van Meer, 1989). The relative proportions of membrane proteins and lipids vary with the type of membrane. Lipids and membrane proteins are asymmetrically distributed between the inner and outer leaflet and can also be non-randomly distributed within a single leaflet, which is ...
Presequence-Independent Manner Transported by the TIM23
... the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex), for their import. MPV17 and its Saccharomyces cerevisiae orthologue Sym1 are multispanning inner membrane proteins of unknown function with an amino-terminal presequence that suggests they may be targeted to the mitochondria. Mutations affecting MPV17 are ass ...
... the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex), for their import. MPV17 and its Saccharomyces cerevisiae orthologue Sym1 are multispanning inner membrane proteins of unknown function with an amino-terminal presequence that suggests they may be targeted to the mitochondria. Mutations affecting MPV17 are ass ...
Glycosyltransferases and Transpeptidases/Penicillin-Binding
... review and we refer the reader to recent reviews on the subject [15,17]. The examples cited here show review and we refer the reader to recent reviews on the subject [15,17]. The examples cited here that targeting PG synthesis by various modes of action is often used by microbes in the environment, ...
... review and we refer the reader to recent reviews on the subject [15,17]. The examples cited here show review and we refer the reader to recent reviews on the subject [15,17]. The examples cited here that targeting PG synthesis by various modes of action is often used by microbes in the environment, ...
Formation of Helical Hairpins during Membrane Protein Integration
... of the P2 domain, an N-glycosylation site (Asn-SerThr) was introduced 20 amino acid residues downstream of H2; in constructs where the poly-Leu stretch spans the membrane only once, this site will be glycosylated by the lumenally disposed oligosaccharyl transferase enzyme (Figure 1(a), left), while ...
... of the P2 domain, an N-glycosylation site (Asn-SerThr) was introduced 20 amino acid residues downstream of H2; in constructs where the poly-Leu stretch spans the membrane only once, this site will be glycosylated by the lumenally disposed oligosaccharyl transferase enzyme (Figure 1(a), left), while ...
Signals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance
... lysosomal fusion with other membranes, such as the plasma membrane85–87 and autophagosomes200. A deficiency in MCOLN1 causes mucolipidosis type IV, a lysosomal storage disease201,202. CIC7, a Cl– channel, contributes to lysosomal acidification and is involved in inherited osteopetrosis60,61,203. Tra ...
... lysosomal fusion with other membranes, such as the plasma membrane85–87 and autophagosomes200. A deficiency in MCOLN1 causes mucolipidosis type IV, a lysosomal storage disease201,202. CIC7, a Cl– channel, contributes to lysosomal acidification and is involved in inherited osteopetrosis60,61,203. Tra ...
Regulation of the Function of the Human ABCG2 Multidrug
... 70% of the cells are viable; accumulation of different ABCG2 substrates was measured in control or cholesterol-enriched Sf9 cells. When the Sf9 cells were loaded with cholesterol by incubating them with 2 mM cholesterol-RAMEB, we found that this treatment did not influence cell viability, at least d ...
... 70% of the cells are viable; accumulation of different ABCG2 substrates was measured in control or cholesterol-enriched Sf9 cells. When the Sf9 cells were loaded with cholesterol by incubating them with 2 mM cholesterol-RAMEB, we found that this treatment did not influence cell viability, at least d ...
Functional Domains within Fusion Proteins: Prospectives for
... specific interactions mediated by N-terminal fusion peptides are required to form higher order oligomers necessary for membrane fusion (Kliger et al., 1997). Attempts to define the oligomeric state of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein have yielded conflicting results. Several reports indicated that th ...
... specific interactions mediated by N-terminal fusion peptides are required to form higher order oligomers necessary for membrane fusion (Kliger et al., 1997). Attempts to define the oligomeric state of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein have yielded conflicting results. Several reports indicated that th ...
Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts: function of the junction
... wild-type cells, indicating that ERMES may be important for coupling at sites of lipid exchange11. However, others have reported no significant effect of ERMES component deletions on PS to PE conversion and suggest that ERMES could be a tether for other functions that occur at ER–mitochondria contac ...
... wild-type cells, indicating that ERMES may be important for coupling at sites of lipid exchange11. However, others have reported no significant effect of ERMES component deletions on PS to PE conversion and suggest that ERMES could be a tether for other functions that occur at ER–mitochondria contac ...
Cell Functions Phospholipid-Binding Motif that Regulates T Subunit
... multiple effector and adaptor proteins. Mutation of the CD3 ITAM reduces the efficiency of positive selection in low avidity TCR transgenic lines (5). This is consistent with observations that the number of TCR ITAMs available for phosphorylation directly regulates both positive and negative selec ...
... multiple effector and adaptor proteins. Mutation of the CD3 ITAM reduces the efficiency of positive selection in low avidity TCR transgenic lines (5). This is consistent with observations that the number of TCR ITAMs available for phosphorylation directly regulates both positive and negative selec ...
Anterior PAR proteins function during cytokinesis and
... from each particular assay was quantified (Total n). These embryos were first divided into groups based on gross embryonic phenotypes observed: wild type (hatched) and unhatched embryos. Unhatched embryos are embryos that did not arrest at the one-cell stage but arrested later in development. Of the ...
... from each particular assay was quantified (Total n). These embryos were first divided into groups based on gross embryonic phenotypes observed: wild type (hatched) and unhatched embryos. Unhatched embryos are embryos that did not arrest at the one-cell stage but arrested later in development. Of the ...
Electron tomography of plant thylakoid membranes
... chloroplasts, which are too large for cryo-ET of organelle suspensions. As vitreous sections are susceptible to mechanical damage, melting, and contamination, cryo-ET of such sections is a demanding technique that is not practised in many laboratories. Studying a large number of samples under many d ...
... chloroplasts, which are too large for cryo-ET of organelle suspensions. As vitreous sections are susceptible to mechanical damage, melting, and contamination, cryo-ET of such sections is a demanding technique that is not practised in many laboratories. Studying a large number of samples under many d ...
-ATPases:
... amino acid sequence surrounding the phosphorylated aspartate residue is conserved: DKTGT[L/I/V/M][T/I] (the D is phosphorylated). This motif (ProSite PS00154; ATPASE E1 E2) can be used as a signature pattern to identify P-type ATPases. P-type ATPases are structurally related to a large superfamily o ...
... amino acid sequence surrounding the phosphorylated aspartate residue is conserved: DKTGT[L/I/V/M][T/I] (the D is phosphorylated). This motif (ProSite PS00154; ATPASE E1 E2) can be used as a signature pattern to identify P-type ATPases. P-type ATPases are structurally related to a large superfamily o ...
Determination of the Correlation between Conductance and Architecture of Disordered ß-amyloid Channels
... lipids, results in the reduction of the conductance dynamic range for Scenario II (Table 3) (0.6810.36 nS) as compared to Scenario I (Table 2) (0.31-15.90 nS). The charged lipids are negatively charged, which draws cations towards the surface. When the pore is small, this increases the proximity of ...
... lipids, results in the reduction of the conductance dynamic range for Scenario II (Table 3) (0.6810.36 nS) as compared to Scenario I (Table 2) (0.31-15.90 nS). The charged lipids are negatively charged, which draws cations towards the surface. When the pore is small, this increases the proximity of ...
Facilitated transport of small molecules and ions for energy
... because the water-mediated vehicle mechanism may also play a pivotal role in facilitated transport. In a broader sense, when small molecules with active carriers are doped into polymer membranes, the carriers might migrate if the polymer matrix is plasticized or swollen by a solvent. This type of me ...
... because the water-mediated vehicle mechanism may also play a pivotal role in facilitated transport. In a broader sense, when small molecules with active carriers are doped into polymer membranes, the carriers might migrate if the polymer matrix is plasticized or swollen by a solvent. This type of me ...
Biomolecules Review
... • Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy. • Proteins ...
... • Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy. • Proteins ...
Structural Investigations of Liposomes: Effect of Phospholipid
... In aqueous solution the contrasting effects of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties of amphiphilic molecules cause the molecules to assemble into supramolecular liquid crystal structures (Tanford 1980). In the case of phospholipids, the hydrophilic head groups associate with the aqueous phase wh ...
... In aqueous solution the contrasting effects of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties of amphiphilic molecules cause the molecules to assemble into supramolecular liquid crystal structures (Tanford 1980). In the case of phospholipids, the hydrophilic head groups associate with the aqueous phase wh ...
Chloroplast envelope membranes: a dynamic interface between
... membranes are indeed one of the most complex and dynamic system within a plant cell. In this review, we present an overview of envelope constituents together with recent insights into the major functions fulfilled by envelope membranes and their dynamics within plant cells. (240 words) ...
... membranes are indeed one of the most complex and dynamic system within a plant cell. In this review, we present an overview of envelope constituents together with recent insights into the major functions fulfilled by envelope membranes and their dynamics within plant cells. (240 words) ...
Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts. These specialized membrane microdomains compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organizing centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, influencing membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, and regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely in the membrane bilayer. Although more common in plasma membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as Golgi and lysosomes.