Permeability properties of lysosomal membranes
... compared with that in lysosomes from normal patients. The lysosomes were loaded with cystine using the mixed disulphide of cysteine and glutathione or using cystine methyl ester. Despite an initial report to t h e c o n t r a r y (Steinhertz et a l , 1982), the efflux of cystine was c o n s i d e r ...
... compared with that in lysosomes from normal patients. The lysosomes were loaded with cystine using the mixed disulphide of cysteine and glutathione or using cystine methyl ester. Despite an initial report to t h e c o n t r a r y (Steinhertz et a l , 1982), the efflux of cystine was c o n s i d e r ...
PI3K and Rho GTPase activity are required for exogenous PIP3
... and independent of cortical actin polymerization and PI3K activity (e.g. Ras is the BSPI3K in the LEGI model). 2. Ras recruits and activates a small fraction of PI3K at the plasma membrane, resulting in AKT activation and other responses (including a secondary Rac activation-see below). 3. In parall ...
... and independent of cortical actin polymerization and PI3K activity (e.g. Ras is the BSPI3K in the LEGI model). 2. Ras recruits and activates a small fraction of PI3K at the plasma membrane, resulting in AKT activation and other responses (including a secondary Rac activation-see below). 3. In parall ...
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... albumin from in and below the basement membrane was generally correlated with negative precipitin tests for these proteins in the foetal blood, but egg albumin was sometimes detected in low titre when there was no evidence for its transmission to the vitelline vessels. However, all conjugates were r ...
... albumin from in and below the basement membrane was generally correlated with negative precipitin tests for these proteins in the foetal blood, but egg albumin was sometimes detected in low titre when there was no evidence for its transmission to the vitelline vessels. However, all conjugates were r ...
Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins as Agents of Innate Immunity
... and mononuclear cells [31] to lipoproteins and other phospholipids or cell membranes (figure 1). Specifically, LBP is thought to facilitate the binding of monomeric LPS by CD14 (membranebound and soluble forms) and thus promote LPS-induced cellular activation. Thus, circulating LPS may first react w ...
... and mononuclear cells [31] to lipoproteins and other phospholipids or cell membranes (figure 1). Specifically, LBP is thought to facilitate the binding of monomeric LPS by CD14 (membranebound and soluble forms) and thus promote LPS-induced cellular activation. Thus, circulating LPS may first react w ...
non-RD - Crop Genetics Innovation
... orthologs all detect flagellin, their precise specificities vary with regard to the epitope and bacterial strain. The closely related PRR, XA21 recognizes the conserved sulfated protein, Ax21, which is produced by the bacterial pathogens in the genera Xanthomonas. Ax21 plays a critical role in bacte ...
... orthologs all detect flagellin, their precise specificities vary with regard to the epitope and bacterial strain. The closely related PRR, XA21 recognizes the conserved sulfated protein, Ax21, which is produced by the bacterial pathogens in the genera Xanthomonas. Ax21 plays a critical role in bacte ...
Informatics approaches to understanding TGFb pathway regulation
... preventing R-Smad–Co-Smad complex formation (Miyazono, 2008). Members of the Sno/Corl/Dac family of nuclear corepressors bind to promoter-bound Co-Smads and block their ability to activate transcription. These proteins accomplish this by recruiting transcriptional repressors, such as histone deacety ...
... preventing R-Smad–Co-Smad complex formation (Miyazono, 2008). Members of the Sno/Corl/Dac family of nuclear corepressors bind to promoter-bound Co-Smads and block their ability to activate transcription. These proteins accomplish this by recruiting transcriptional repressors, such as histone deacety ...
Pascale G. Charest and Michel Bouvier Activation
... best characterized signaling cascade engaged by the V2R, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) have also been shown to be activated upon activation of the V2R by its natural ligand, AVP (6). Among diverse mechanisms, -arrestin recruitment and receptor endocytosis have often been p ...
... best characterized signaling cascade engaged by the V2R, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) have also been shown to be activated upon activation of the V2R by its natural ligand, AVP (6). Among diverse mechanisms, -arrestin recruitment and receptor endocytosis have often been p ...
functional and structural complexity of signal transduction via g
... (Dym et al 1991), and madin-darby canine kidney cells (Keefer & Limbird 1993, Keefer et al 1994, Saunders et al 1996, Wozniak & Limbird 1996). Furthermore, association of G proteins with elements of the cytoskeleton (Popova et al 1994), with a certain type of coated vesicles (i.e. caveolae) (Sargiac ...
... (Dym et al 1991), and madin-darby canine kidney cells (Keefer & Limbird 1993, Keefer et al 1994, Saunders et al 1996, Wozniak & Limbird 1996). Furthermore, association of G proteins with elements of the cytoskeleton (Popova et al 1994), with a certain type of coated vesicles (i.e. caveolae) (Sargiac ...
PDZ proteins retain and regulate membrane transporters in
... NHERF-1 and -2 are involved in signaling complex assembly and anchoring in the apical membrane. Na⫹/H⫹ exchanger regulatory factors (NHERF) are PDZ proteins that associate with the apical brush-border membrane in polarized epithelial cells. NHERF-1 was originally cloned as an essential cofactor for ...
... NHERF-1 and -2 are involved in signaling complex assembly and anchoring in the apical membrane. Na⫹/H⫹ exchanger regulatory factors (NHERF) are PDZ proteins that associate with the apical brush-border membrane in polarized epithelial cells. NHERF-1 was originally cloned as an essential cofactor for ...
Charakterisierung peroxisomaler und Lipid
... It was shown that Lpx1p is present in the peroxisome but Ldh1p is predominantly localized to lipid droplets. Lpx1p as well as Ldh1p comprises the typical GXSXG-type lipase motif of members of the α/β-hydrolase family. Both proteins carry a putative peroxisomal targeting signal type-1 (PTS1) and can ...
... It was shown that Lpx1p is present in the peroxisome but Ldh1p is predominantly localized to lipid droplets. Lpx1p as well as Ldh1p comprises the typical GXSXG-type lipase motif of members of the α/β-hydrolase family. Both proteins carry a putative peroxisomal targeting signal type-1 (PTS1) and can ...
Detection, Characterization, and Bioavailability of Membrane
... molar ratio) was deliberately added, they then developed a perheme, measured in the extensively washed IOM prepared from oxidation response (data not shown). Notably, liposomes conthe RBC used in these studies. These values correspond well taining either PEOOH or PCOOH were stimulated by precisely w ...
... molar ratio) was deliberately added, they then developed a perheme, measured in the extensively washed IOM prepared from oxidation response (data not shown). Notably, liposomes conthe RBC used in these studies. These values correspond well taining either PEOOH or PCOOH were stimulated by precisely w ...
Intermediary Metabolism and Life-History Trade
... phospholipid was quantified as described previously (Zhao and Zera 2002). Amount of radioactivity incorporated into total protein was measured essentially as described by Geer and Downing (1972). The fat-free cricket residue was washed twice with 10% trichloroacetic acid, which removed unincorporate ...
... phospholipid was quantified as described previously (Zhao and Zera 2002). Amount of radioactivity incorporated into total protein was measured essentially as described by Geer and Downing (1972). The fat-free cricket residue was washed twice with 10% trichloroacetic acid, which removed unincorporate ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... vesicles that are 50 nm in diameter (Pernet-Gallay et al., 2002). The Munro laboratory made the key discovery that, in its C-terminal region, GMAP-210 contains a GRAB (GRIP-related Arf binding) domain that specifically binds Arf1-GTP and is highly conserved in evolution (Gillingham et al., 2004). A ...
... vesicles that are 50 nm in diameter (Pernet-Gallay et al., 2002). The Munro laboratory made the key discovery that, in its C-terminal region, GMAP-210 contains a GRAB (GRIP-related Arf binding) domain that specifically binds Arf1-GTP and is highly conserved in evolution (Gillingham et al., 2004). A ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... Recent literature on the antibiotics enduracidin, moenomycin, prasinomycin, and 11.837 RP suggested an interaction with murein synthesis. Incubation of sensitive strains from Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in a "wall medium" containing labeled L-alanine showed that all four antibiotics in ...
... Recent literature on the antibiotics enduracidin, moenomycin, prasinomycin, and 11.837 RP suggested an interaction with murein synthesis. Incubation of sensitive strains from Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in a "wall medium" containing labeled L-alanine showed that all four antibiotics in ...
Molecular Machinery Regulating Exocytosis
... there are also Golgi-specific Rabs (Rab30, Rab33, Rab34, Rab43) and Rabs relating to the traffic to (Rab43) and from (Rab10) the Golgi. Rab proteins usually play positive roles in anterograde membrane trafficking, but the exact nature of their involvement (in vesicle budding, biogenesis, transport, ...
... there are also Golgi-specific Rabs (Rab30, Rab33, Rab34, Rab43) and Rabs relating to the traffic to (Rab43) and from (Rab10) the Golgi. Rab proteins usually play positive roles in anterograde membrane trafficking, but the exact nature of their involvement (in vesicle budding, biogenesis, transport, ...
Effects of Single Amino Acid Substitution on the Biophysical
... The parent peptide (peptide P) (Figure 1), also known as peptide V13K, is an amphipathic AMP, which will be induced into an α-helical secondary structure with a defined polar face and a non-polar face upon a hydrophobic environment as reported previously [12]. In the present study, we selected the s ...
... The parent peptide (peptide P) (Figure 1), also known as peptide V13K, is an amphipathic AMP, which will be induced into an α-helical secondary structure with a defined polar face and a non-polar face upon a hydrophobic environment as reported previously [12]. In the present study, we selected the s ...
Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Division: Influence of
... The cell division cycle is a central process in biology, the essential mechanism whereby cells grow and duplicate (Carlson, 2007). The mechanics of cell division is an essential part of the epigenetic program that supports cellular reproduction in all living organisms (Boal, 2012). The division prog ...
... The cell division cycle is a central process in biology, the essential mechanism whereby cells grow and duplicate (Carlson, 2007). The mechanics of cell division is an essential part of the epigenetic program that supports cellular reproduction in all living organisms (Boal, 2012). The division prog ...
Recognition of complex carbohydrates by the macrophage mannose
... receptor. Multispecificity for mannose, fucose, Nacetylglucosamine and glucose is also shown by the CRD of rat serum mannose-binding protein, which has recently been crystallized in complex with an oligosaccharide [ 181. It is likely that the interaction between CRD 4 and monosaccharides will be ver ...
... receptor. Multispecificity for mannose, fucose, Nacetylglucosamine and glucose is also shown by the CRD of rat serum mannose-binding protein, which has recently been crystallized in complex with an oligosaccharide [ 181. It is likely that the interaction between CRD 4 and monosaccharides will be ver ...
Platelet Dense Granule Membranes Contain Both
... mg 4-chloro-I-napthol in 2 mL methanol and 50 FL 30% H202 in 10 mL TBS until color development was achieved. hpamrion of whole mounts for elecmn micmcopy. PRP or isolated dense granules were fixed in I% paraformaldehydelO.l% glutaraldehyde. Platelets or isolated dense granules were made permeable by ...
... mg 4-chloro-I-napthol in 2 mL methanol and 50 FL 30% H202 in 10 mL TBS until color development was achieved. hpamrion of whole mounts for elecmn micmcopy. PRP or isolated dense granules were fixed in I% paraformaldehydelO.l% glutaraldehyde. Platelets or isolated dense granules were made permeable by ...
The Neuronal Membrane at Rest
... overcomes these biological constraints. In contrast to passively conducted electrical signals, action potentials do not diminish over distance; they are signals of fixed size and duration. Information is encoded in the frequency of action potentials of individual neurons, as well as in the distribut ...
... overcomes these biological constraints. In contrast to passively conducted electrical signals, action potentials do not diminish over distance; they are signals of fixed size and duration. Information is encoded in the frequency of action potentials of individual neurons, as well as in the distribut ...
Localization of Light-harvesting Complex II to the Occluded Surfaces
... there is no evidencel for extrinsic proteins associated with the outer stacked surface. In contrast, the large particle on the outer nonstacked surface is the extrinsic subunit of the ATP synthase, CF~ (Miller and Staehelin, 1976) with a molecular weight in excess of 350,000. The tetrameric particle ...
... there is no evidencel for extrinsic proteins associated with the outer stacked surface. In contrast, the large particle on the outer nonstacked surface is the extrinsic subunit of the ATP synthase, CF~ (Miller and Staehelin, 1976) with a molecular weight in excess of 350,000. The tetrameric particle ...
Molecular Affinity and Permeability of Different Molecular Weight
... from the above process ranged from 30000 to 480000 Da, the DD ranged from 89.2 to 91.4% (Table 1). The MW of the chitosan sample were determined by using a GPC method with a Waters-1525 binary HPLC system, a Waters-2410 refractive index detector (Waters Corp., Miford, MA), and an SEC column (TSK Gel ...
... from the above process ranged from 30000 to 480000 Da, the DD ranged from 89.2 to 91.4% (Table 1). The MW of the chitosan sample were determined by using a GPC method with a Waters-1525 binary HPLC system, a Waters-2410 refractive index detector (Waters Corp., Miford, MA), and an SEC column (TSK Gel ...
Increased Susceptibility of the Sickle Cell Membrane
... idants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and riboflavin are decreased in subjects with sickle cell anemia.6-9 Lipid peroxidation” and reduction in the membrane free sulfhydryl status” have been reported as changes in sickle cells resulting from the proposed oxidative stress. Exposure of erythrocytes or ...
... idants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and riboflavin are decreased in subjects with sickle cell anemia.6-9 Lipid peroxidation” and reduction in the membrane free sulfhydryl status” have been reported as changes in sickle cells resulting from the proposed oxidative stress. Exposure of erythrocytes or ...
Plant immune and growth receptors share common signalling
... Each compartment or domain provides specific biophysical and biochemical environments for its residents and thus directly influences associated signalling activities (Kusumi et al., 2012; Saka et al., 2014; Garcia-Parajo et al., 2014; Tapken and Murphy, 2015). With regard to PM signalling, specialis ...
... Each compartment or domain provides specific biophysical and biochemical environments for its residents and thus directly influences associated signalling activities (Kusumi et al., 2012; Saka et al., 2014; Garcia-Parajo et al., 2014; Tapken and Murphy, 2015). With regard to PM signalling, specialis ...
Chapter 10
... taken by secreted proteins simply by labeling newly synthesized proteins with radioactive amino acids in a procedure known as a “pulse-chase” experiment. The location of the radiolabeled proteins within the cell was then determined by autoradiography and electron microscopy, revealing the cellular s ...
... taken by secreted proteins simply by labeling newly synthesized proteins with radioactive amino acids in a procedure known as a “pulse-chase” experiment. The location of the radiolabeled proteins within the cell was then determined by autoradiography and electron microscopy, revealing the cellular s ...
Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts. These specialized membrane microdomains compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organizing centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, influencing membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, and regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely in the membrane bilayer. Although more common in plasma membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as Golgi and lysosomes.