Marginally hydrophobic transmembrane helices shaping membrane protein folding
... acyl chain allowing it to pack tightly, whereas unsaturated fatty acids contain kinks resulting in increased fluidity. In addition, incorporation of rigid steroidic lipids, such as cholesterol, confer stability (16) . Membrane fluidity is also dependent on temperature and some organisms can adjust t ...
... acyl chain allowing it to pack tightly, whereas unsaturated fatty acids contain kinks resulting in increased fluidity. In addition, incorporation of rigid steroidic lipids, such as cholesterol, confer stability (16) . Membrane fluidity is also dependent on temperature and some organisms can adjust t ...
GLYCOLIPID ANCHORING OF CELL SURFACE PROTEINS Mark C
... shown to involve ethanolamine in amide linkage to the α-carboxyl group.43 In order for this addition to be made, removal of the C-terminal extension would have to take place. All these data came together when it was shown that the activity converting the mfVSG to sVSG was in fact an endogenous phosp ...
... shown to involve ethanolamine in amide linkage to the α-carboxyl group.43 In order for this addition to be made, removal of the C-terminal extension would have to take place. All these data came together when it was shown that the activity converting the mfVSG to sVSG was in fact an endogenous phosp ...
Specialization of oleosins in OB dynamics during seed development
... of the cellular segmentation in regions using Voronoï diagrams (Figure 3-4 a, b, c). The distance to the next neighbor or minimal distance (Dnn) between OBs (Figure 4C) was computed and the Voronoï cell corresponded to the junction of all the points at half the minimal distance (Dnn) between the sur ...
... of the cellular segmentation in regions using Voronoï diagrams (Figure 3-4 a, b, c). The distance to the next neighbor or minimal distance (Dnn) between OBs (Figure 4C) was computed and the Voronoï cell corresponded to the junction of all the points at half the minimal distance (Dnn) between the sur ...
Modulation of T cell signaling by the actin cytoskeleton
... T cells have a central role in adaptive immunity, and their activation involves many spatially and temporally coordinated signaling processes on multiple time and length scales. There are three distinct stages during the activation process: T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, signal persistence and si ...
... T cells have a central role in adaptive immunity, and their activation involves many spatially and temporally coordinated signaling processes on multiple time and length scales. There are three distinct stages during the activation process: T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, signal persistence and si ...
Proteomics of Plasma Membranes from Poplar Trees Reveals
... This paper is available on line at http://www.mcponline.org ...
... This paper is available on line at http://www.mcponline.org ...
cellular and subcellular mechanisms of cardiac pacemaker oscillations
... Rhythmic oscillations in the membrane potential of heart cells are important in normal cardiac pacemaker activity as well as cardiac arrhythmias. Two fundamentally different mechanisms of oscillatory activity can be distinguished at the cellular and subcellular level. The first mechanism, referred t ...
... Rhythmic oscillations in the membrane potential of heart cells are important in normal cardiac pacemaker activity as well as cardiac arrhythmias. Two fundamentally different mechanisms of oscillatory activity can be distinguished at the cellular and subcellular level. The first mechanism, referred t ...
Structure and mechanism of ATP-dependent phospholipid transporters
... transporter is divided into three major domains; The Actuator domain (A), the Nucleotide binding domain (N) and the phosphorylation domain (P). The P4-ATPases in addition to the αsubunit consist of a β-subunit with two transmembrane spans and a large exoplasmic loop. (D) Model of ion transport throu ...
... transporter is divided into three major domains; The Actuator domain (A), the Nucleotide binding domain (N) and the phosphorylation domain (P). The P4-ATPases in addition to the αsubunit consist of a β-subunit with two transmembrane spans and a large exoplasmic loop. (D) Model of ion transport throu ...
Bugging the cell wall of bacteria
... The majority of transglycosylation activity is performed by bifunctional PBP’s but is also found in monofunctional transglycosylases [37]. For long, the potential of the transglycosylation reaction as a target for the development of novel antibiotics was recognized, but it could not be fully exploit ...
... The majority of transglycosylation activity is performed by bifunctional PBP’s but is also found in monofunctional transglycosylases [37]. For long, the potential of the transglycosylation reaction as a target for the development of novel antibiotics was recognized, but it could not be fully exploit ...
Transformations of phosphatidylinositol phosphates in the outer and
... The array of proteins with affinity to phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs), including protein kinases, phosphatases, phospholipases, ion channel proteins, scaffold proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and the regulators of membrane trafficking [1-3], attest to these phospholipids pleiotropism in contr ...
... The array of proteins with affinity to phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs), including protein kinases, phosphatases, phospholipases, ion channel proteins, scaffold proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and the regulators of membrane trafficking [1-3], attest to these phospholipids pleiotropism in contr ...
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Special Issue
... Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide of glycine, cysteine, and glutamate, is a major cellular antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species, detoxifies reactive electrophile products of lipid peroxidation, and maintains the thiol status of proteins. When GSH reacts with oxidants, ...
... Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide of glycine, cysteine, and glutamate, is a major cellular antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species, detoxifies reactive electrophile products of lipid peroxidation, and maintains the thiol status of proteins. When GSH reacts with oxidants, ...
Connection of the Mitochondrial Outer and Inner Membranes by
... were treated with proteinase K. Using a specific antiserum recognizing the COOH-terminal 12 amino acid residues of Fzo1, a protease-resistant fragment of ⵑ19 kD was detected by Western blotting (Fig. 1 B, lane 2). The calculated size of a COOH-terminal Fzo1 fragment including both predicted transmem ...
... were treated with proteinase K. Using a specific antiserum recognizing the COOH-terminal 12 amino acid residues of Fzo1, a protease-resistant fragment of ⵑ19 kD was detected by Western blotting (Fig. 1 B, lane 2). The calculated size of a COOH-terminal Fzo1 fragment including both predicted transmem ...
The connection of cytoskeletal network with plasma membrane and
... membrane in plants based on the observations that microtubule ends are frequently detached from plasma membrane in clasp-1 mutant (Ambrose and Wasteneys 2008) (Figure 1A). CLASP is a conserved protein belonging to ORBIT/MAST/ CLASP family of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). In animal cells, C ...
... membrane in plants based on the observations that microtubule ends are frequently detached from plasma membrane in clasp-1 mutant (Ambrose and Wasteneys 2008) (Figure 1A). CLASP is a conserved protein belonging to ORBIT/MAST/ CLASP family of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). In animal cells, C ...
Influenza virus assembly and budding
... endocytosis. HA, on the surface of the virus, binds to sialic acid moieties on surface exposed glycoproteins and glycolipids, triggering endocytosis of the virus. The mechanism by which influenza virus triggers endocytosis is unknown; however, recent data suggest that spherical virus particles bindin ...
... endocytosis. HA, on the surface of the virus, binds to sialic acid moieties on surface exposed glycoproteins and glycolipids, triggering endocytosis of the virus. The mechanism by which influenza virus triggers endocytosis is unknown; however, recent data suggest that spherical virus particles bindin ...
A mutant Escherichia coli that attaches peptidoglycan to
... (Gottesman et al., 1985), we actually observed lowered LPS* abundance at the expense of increased M-LPS (Figure 2B). Notably, the decrease in LPS* correlated with a significant reduction in vancomycin-resistance, providing evidence that LPS* molecules directly mediate the resistance (Figure 2C). Sim ...
... (Gottesman et al., 1985), we actually observed lowered LPS* abundance at the expense of increased M-LPS (Figure 2B). Notably, the decrease in LPS* correlated with a significant reduction in vancomycin-resistance, providing evidence that LPS* molecules directly mediate the resistance (Figure 2C). Sim ...
Synergy and duality in peptide antibiotic mechanisms Dewey G
... Thiostrepton and micrococcin are members of the class of thiazole-containing peptide antibiotics (or thiopeptide antibiotics), which inhibit protein biosynthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA subunit of the ribosome and preventing its proper function [1•–3•]. This family of antibiotics (see Figure 1) i ...
... Thiostrepton and micrococcin are members of the class of thiazole-containing peptide antibiotics (or thiopeptide antibiotics), which inhibit protein biosynthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA subunit of the ribosome and preventing its proper function [1•–3•]. This family of antibiotics (see Figure 1) i ...
Degradation by bacteria of membrane and soluble protein in seawater
... The time course of protein degradation was described well by a model of first-order kinetics during the entire incubation period in Expt 4 (Fig. 1B) and other experiments, except that a lag period was observed during the initial 6 h in Expt 1 (data not shown). When degradation was linear, the r2 for ...
... The time course of protein degradation was described well by a model of first-order kinetics during the entire incubation period in Expt 4 (Fig. 1B) and other experiments, except that a lag period was observed during the initial 6 h in Expt 1 (data not shown). When degradation was linear, the r2 for ...
The Membrane Steps of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis as Antibiotic
... between 3 and 6 mM while keeping C55-P at 1.1 mM. These concentrations are very high, and the KM values obtained were much higher than those of our own kinetic study [34]. The Kcat value of the H289R mutant reported in this study decreased by three orders of magnitude. However, in our own studies, t ...
... between 3 and 6 mM while keeping C55-P at 1.1 mM. These concentrations are very high, and the KM values obtained were much higher than those of our own kinetic study [34]. The Kcat value of the H289R mutant reported in this study decreased by three orders of magnitude. However, in our own studies, t ...
Stockholm University
... that a slightly higher performance was obtained using a radial basis kernel than alternative kernels, see Table 2. After these initial optimizations four different inputs to the SVM were examined, amino acid information (AA), predicted distance to the membrane center (Zpred), substitution rate (R4S) ...
... that a slightly higher performance was obtained using a radial basis kernel than alternative kernels, see Table 2. After these initial optimizations four different inputs to the SVM were examined, amino acid information (AA), predicted distance to the membrane center (Zpred), substitution rate (R4S) ...
Protein translocation pathways across the inner and outer
... Tim44 provides anchor for this motor (mtHsp70), so that it can bind to the polypeptide emerging out from TIM23 channel. The cochaperone Mge1 is nucleotide exchange factor for mtHsp70 and enhances its ATPase activity38. A new member of this translocator system Tam41 (translocation assembly and mainte ...
... Tim44 provides anchor for this motor (mtHsp70), so that it can bind to the polypeptide emerging out from TIM23 channel. The cochaperone Mge1 is nucleotide exchange factor for mtHsp70 and enhances its ATPase activity38. A new member of this translocator system Tam41 (translocation assembly and mainte ...
- Journal of Hepatology
... Apo E. The physical heterogeneity of HDLs is associated with multiple functions that involve both the protein and the lipid components of these particles [19]. A major role of HDL is in the reverse cholesterol transport process where cholesterol in peripheral tissues is transported to the liver for ...
... Apo E. The physical heterogeneity of HDLs is associated with multiple functions that involve both the protein and the lipid components of these particles [19]. A major role of HDL is in the reverse cholesterol transport process where cholesterol in peripheral tissues is transported to the liver for ...
The role of cytosolic proteins in the insertion of tail
... carrier cytochrome b5 (b5) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B, are instead able to translocate at nanomolar ATP concentrations into pure lipid vesicles, provided that these have low levels of cholesterol (Brambillasca et al., 2006; Brambillasca et al., 2005). We have called this latter me ...
... carrier cytochrome b5 (b5) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B, are instead able to translocate at nanomolar ATP concentrations into pure lipid vesicles, provided that these have low levels of cholesterol (Brambillasca et al., 2006; Brambillasca et al., 2005). We have called this latter me ...
Trafficking of the human transferrin receptor in plant cells: effects of
... shown to bind several mammalian network proteins, and it also interacts with At-AP180, a monomeric adaptor homologue from Arabidopsis that functions as a plant clathrin assembly protein (Barth and Holstein, 2004). On the other hand, direct involvement of CCVs in RME has not yet been demonstrated, an ...
... shown to bind several mammalian network proteins, and it also interacts with At-AP180, a monomeric adaptor homologue from Arabidopsis that functions as a plant clathrin assembly protein (Barth and Holstein, 2004). On the other hand, direct involvement of CCVs in RME has not yet been demonstrated, an ...
The YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 protein family Saller, Manfred J.
... Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Zht Cheng Wu: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen ...
... Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Zht Cheng Wu: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen ...
Role of Phospholipid Head Groups in Ethanol
... groups in resistance to ethanol has not been ascertained. Sinceethanol can modify the hydration state of polar head groups (Rigomier et al., 1980) and is equally important in interfacial 1978), it was of interest to study the effect regulation of lipid-protein interactions ( S a n h of ethanol on th ...
... groups in resistance to ethanol has not been ascertained. Sinceethanol can modify the hydration state of polar head groups (Rigomier et al., 1980) and is equally important in interfacial 1978), it was of interest to study the effect regulation of lipid-protein interactions ( S a n h of ethanol on th ...
chemistry of phospholipids in relation to biological membranes
... Analyses performed on other phospholipid classes found in the erythrocyte membrane (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, inositol phospholipids, sphingomyelin etc.) reveal a similarly complex pattern. Taking into account the occurrence of saturated and unsaturated ether linkages in phosph ...
... Analyses performed on other phospholipid classes found in the erythrocyte membrane (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, inositol phospholipids, sphingomyelin etc.) reveal a similarly complex pattern. Taking into account the occurrence of saturated and unsaturated ether linkages in phosph ...
Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts. These specialized membrane microdomains compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organizing centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, influencing membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, and regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely in the membrane bilayer. Although more common in plasma membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as Golgi and lysosomes.