CE - University of Pittsburgh
... • Phospholipids are triacylglycerols that have a FA replaced with a phosphate linked FA group. • The major dietary sterol is cholesterol. ...
... • Phospholipids are triacylglycerols that have a FA replaced with a phosphate linked FA group. • The major dietary sterol is cholesterol. ...
Role of cryo-ET in membrane bioenergetics research
... dehydrogenase (Complex I) on the basis of their size and shape, but no further proof was obtained. Similar experiments with mitochondria from other species were unsuccessful, but proteomic studies [7,8] and 2D class averaging by singleparticle EM [9,10] have shown that both ATP synthase and the resp ...
... dehydrogenase (Complex I) on the basis of their size and shape, but no further proof was obtained. Similar experiments with mitochondria from other species were unsuccessful, but proteomic studies [7,8] and 2D class averaging by singleparticle EM [9,10] have shown that both ATP synthase and the resp ...
University of Groningen The Plasma Membrane of
... easily in bilayers. Lipids which have smaller head groups than acyl chains, such as PE, CL, and sterols, are cone shaped and form inverted micelles in solution. High concentrations of such lipids in the membrane may locally induce a high membrane curvature and membrane-packing defect, which can crea ...
... easily in bilayers. Lipids which have smaller head groups than acyl chains, such as PE, CL, and sterols, are cone shaped and form inverted micelles in solution. High concentrations of such lipids in the membrane may locally induce a high membrane curvature and membrane-packing defect, which can crea ...
Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long
... Top-down systems biology approaches, where responses at multiple system levels are monitored over time and integrated to a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal plant model for such ...
... Top-down systems biology approaches, where responses at multiple system levels are monitored over time and integrated to a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal plant model for such ...
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... The interpretation of initial circular dichroic studies on the peptide diluted in pure water led to conclude that LL-37 adopted a random conformation in aqueous solution. It became rapidly obvious that the peptide could structure itself either in the presence of the salts found in physiological flui ...
... The interpretation of initial circular dichroic studies on the peptide diluted in pure water led to conclude that LL-37 adopted a random conformation in aqueous solution. It became rapidly obvious that the peptide could structure itself either in the presence of the salts found in physiological flui ...
Redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases during receptor
... that elicit the response are listed [57]. (a) The mitochondrial generation of ROS represents a relevant by-product of electron flow through the respiratory chain (complexes 1 –4 are indicated in blue). Oxygen is converted to Oz2 2 by ubiquinone (UQ)-mediated one-electron reduction, which is then con ...
... that elicit the response are listed [57]. (a) The mitochondrial generation of ROS represents a relevant by-product of electron flow through the respiratory chain (complexes 1 –4 are indicated in blue). Oxygen is converted to Oz2 2 by ubiquinone (UQ)-mediated one-electron reduction, which is then con ...
Localization of Collagenase at the Basal Plasma Membrane of a
... fraction (17). These observations suggest the existence of cell surface bound collagenase in human cancer cells and propose a proteolytic function associated with the plasma membrane. Their sanctuary status in the plasma membrane places them optimally for the effective destruction of substratum in a ...
... fraction (17). These observations suggest the existence of cell surface bound collagenase in human cancer cells and propose a proteolytic function associated with the plasma membrane. Their sanctuary status in the plasma membrane places them optimally for the effective destruction of substratum in a ...
Protein transport across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
... conformational change, exposing a site on the ribosome to which a single Sec61 ⁄ SecY molecule could bind [25]. This is likely to be the molecule seen in recent EM structures of complexes of nontranslating ribosomes with either the SecY or the Sec61 complex [23,23a]. The bound SecY ⁄ Sec61 molecule ...
... conformational change, exposing a site on the ribosome to which a single Sec61 ⁄ SecY molecule could bind [25]. This is likely to be the molecule seen in recent EM structures of complexes of nontranslating ribosomes with either the SecY or the Sec61 complex [23,23a]. The bound SecY ⁄ Sec61 molecule ...
Hepatitis C Virus: Molecular Pathways and - e
... the lipoviroparticle (LVP), which may influence viral entry [2]. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, located on the surface of hepatocytes, binds to HVR1 in HCV E2 to initiate viral attachment. Several other membrane co-receptors have been identified as aides to HCV attachment and entry including: scave ...
... the lipoviroparticle (LVP), which may influence viral entry [2]. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, located on the surface of hepatocytes, binds to HVR1 in HCV E2 to initiate viral attachment. Several other membrane co-receptors have been identified as aides to HCV attachment and entry including: scave ...
Chemical–Biological Studies of Subcellular Organization in Bacteria
... including their binding a target specifically. It is thus important that the inhibitor has minimal off-target effects. There are several off-target effects that may be misinterpreted as direct FtsZ inhibition in vivo, including direct DNA damage, stalling DNA replication, and perturbing the transmembrane ...
... including their binding a target specifically. It is thus important that the inhibitor has minimal off-target effects. There are several off-target effects that may be misinterpreted as direct FtsZ inhibition in vivo, including direct DNA damage, stalling DNA replication, and perturbing the transmembrane ...
Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles in a Clinical
... membrane and the fully detached vesicles. However, detailed molecular analysis is needed to accurately describe the mechanism by which these vesicles are formed. ...
... membrane and the fully detached vesicles. However, detailed molecular analysis is needed to accurately describe the mechanism by which these vesicles are formed. ...
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Formation at ER Exit Sites
... conditions utilized, inhibition of ARF1 function by the addition of high concentrations of dominant-negative myrARF1(T31N) or by depletion of cytosolic COPI does not affect the reconstituted COPII-dependent vesicle formation step (Rowe et al., 1996). Indeed, ARF1 is not present in the vesicle format ...
... conditions utilized, inhibition of ARF1 function by the addition of high concentrations of dominant-negative myrARF1(T31N) or by depletion of cytosolic COPI does not affect the reconstituted COPII-dependent vesicle formation step (Rowe et al., 1996). Indeed, ARF1 is not present in the vesicle format ...
Plant lipid transfer proteins - Evolution, expression and function Monika Edstam
... Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... - 1 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning ............................................................................................ ...
... Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... - 1 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning ............................................................................................ ...
Lipid metabolism disorders
... when sterol levels are low, SREBP-2 is released by cleavage of a membrane-bound precursor protein, SREBP-2 activates transcription of genes for HMG-CoA Reductase and other enzymes of the pathway for cholesterol synthesis → activated SREBPs enter the nucleus and turn on the expression of genes that ...
... when sterol levels are low, SREBP-2 is released by cleavage of a membrane-bound precursor protein, SREBP-2 activates transcription of genes for HMG-CoA Reductase and other enzymes of the pathway for cholesterol synthesis → activated SREBPs enter the nucleus and turn on the expression of genes that ...
articles
... he prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria drives the quest for new antimicrobials, including those that are not expected to readily engender resistance. One option is to mimic Nature’s most ubiquitous means of controlling bacterial growth, antimicrobial peptides, which have evolved over eons. In gene ...
... he prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria drives the quest for new antimicrobials, including those that are not expected to readily engender resistance. One option is to mimic Nature’s most ubiquitous means of controlling bacterial growth, antimicrobial peptides, which have evolved over eons. In gene ...
Assembly and disassembly of the influenza C matrix protein layer on
... Influenza is an RNA virus of the orthomyxovirus family. Like all viruses it infects healthy cells, reproduces in them, and then spreads to other cells. For the virus to spread from infected cells to healthy ones, the infected cell needs to produce a virion. The virion is a extracellular vesicle, in ...
... Influenza is an RNA virus of the orthomyxovirus family. Like all viruses it infects healthy cells, reproduces in them, and then spreads to other cells. For the virus to spread from infected cells to healthy ones, the infected cell needs to produce a virion. The virion is a extracellular vesicle, in ...
Cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides: how different
... proposed. The dissimilarities among these results can arise from the use of different cell lines, methodologies, labelled peptides, protein-conjugated peptides and different conditions, which can inhibit some pathways while favouring others. Even in a picture where the endosomal pathway emerges as t ...
... proposed. The dissimilarities among these results can arise from the use of different cell lines, methodologies, labelled peptides, protein-conjugated peptides and different conditions, which can inhibit some pathways while favouring others. Even in a picture where the endosomal pathway emerges as t ...
Text - Enlighten - University of Glasgow
... becomes one of integrating each and every one of the predominant transporters in a manner that accommodates these recursive and kinetically distinct properties, and of doing so within a system that is sufficiently flexible to allow parameter modifications and substitutions for the equations representin ...
... becomes one of integrating each and every one of the predominant transporters in a manner that accommodates these recursive and kinetically distinct properties, and of doing so within a system that is sufficiently flexible to allow parameter modifications and substitutions for the equations representin ...
Super-resolution microscopy of mitochondria
... Mitochondria contain their own genome (mtDNA), which is packaged into nucleoprotein complexes (nucleoids) located in the innermost mitochondrial compartment, the aqueous matrix [55,56]. The nucleoids are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network. In humans, the mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, whic ...
... Mitochondria contain their own genome (mtDNA), which is packaged into nucleoprotein complexes (nucleoids) located in the innermost mitochondrial compartment, the aqueous matrix [55,56]. The nucleoids are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network. In humans, the mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, whic ...
Batesian Mimicry: Can a Leopard Change Its Spots — and Get
... Mimicry represents a unique opportunity to study variation in the degree of local adaptation, since the warning signals used by local model species represent known fitness optima for mimics. Forest butterfly communities in Amazon are dominated by unpalatable clearwing butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithom ...
... Mimicry represents a unique opportunity to study variation in the degree of local adaptation, since the warning signals used by local model species represent known fitness optima for mimics. Forest butterfly communities in Amazon are dominated by unpalatable clearwing butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithom ...
Dynamin and the Actin Cytoskeleton Cooperatively Regulate
... involvement of actin in the fission reaction of endocytosis (Kaksonen et al., 2003; Merrifield et al., 2002, 2005; Yarar et al., 2005), the actin cytoskeleton may be an effector of dynamin in this reaction. Syndapin/PACSIN is an endocytic and actin regulatory protein that binds dynamin, synaptojanin ...
... involvement of actin in the fission reaction of endocytosis (Kaksonen et al., 2003; Merrifield et al., 2002, 2005; Yarar et al., 2005), the actin cytoskeleton may be an effector of dynamin in this reaction. Syndapin/PACSIN is an endocytic and actin regulatory protein that binds dynamin, synaptojanin ...
Organelle communication - Repositorio Académico
... we have shown that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) generates fast and autonomous nuclear Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes. This response is achieved through activation of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) localized to perinuclear invaginations of the PM called T-tubules, resulting in local production of ...
... we have shown that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) generates fast and autonomous nuclear Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes. This response is achieved through activation of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) localized to perinuclear invaginations of the PM called T-tubules, resulting in local production of ...
Leukocyte lipid bodies — Biogenesis and functions in inflammation
... formation via downstream signaling that requires 5-LO, PKC and phospholipase C (PLC) activation [39,40,70,73], in a mechanism that may involve an autocrine loop on CCL2 generation (Figure 3). Prostaglandin (PG)D2 – another potent leukocyte chemoattractant acting through a G-protein-linked receptor – ...
... formation via downstream signaling that requires 5-LO, PKC and phospholipase C (PLC) activation [39,40,70,73], in a mechanism that may involve an autocrine loop on CCL2 generation (Figure 3). Prostaglandin (PG)D2 – another potent leukocyte chemoattractant acting through a G-protein-linked receptor – ...
isolation and characterization of membranes from the cells of maize
... The various membrane fractions were suspended in the homogenization medium and pelleted at 100 000 g and 4 °C for 30 min. The 800 g pellet and membrane pellets were suspended in 18% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid. The remainder fraction was precipitated with 18% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid. The insoluble ...
... The various membrane fractions were suspended in the homogenization medium and pelleted at 100 000 g and 4 °C for 30 min. The 800 g pellet and membrane pellets were suspended in 18% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid. The remainder fraction was precipitated with 18% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid. The insoluble ...
Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts. These specialized membrane microdomains compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organizing centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, influencing membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, and regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely in the membrane bilayer. Although more common in plasma membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as Golgi and lysosomes.