Thylakoid biogenesis has joined the new era of bacterial cell biology
... constituents of these complexes, i.e., photosystem II (PSII), the cytb6 f complex and photosystem I (PS I) (Eberhard et al., 2008; Umena et al., 2011). They are composed of dozens of protein subunits as well as hundreds of organic and inorganic co-factors, most of which are embedded in the lipid bil ...
... constituents of these complexes, i.e., photosystem II (PSII), the cytb6 f complex and photosystem I (PS I) (Eberhard et al., 2008; Umena et al., 2011). They are composed of dozens of protein subunits as well as hundreds of organic and inorganic co-factors, most of which are embedded in the lipid bil ...
research article Numerical study of the electroporation pulse shape
... can significantly enhance molecular uptake of cells due to formation of transient pores in the cell membrane. It was experimentally demonstrated that the efficiency of electroporation is under the control of electric pulse parameters. However, the theoretical basis for these experimental results is ...
... can significantly enhance molecular uptake of cells due to formation of transient pores in the cell membrane. It was experimentally demonstrated that the efficiency of electroporation is under the control of electric pulse parameters. However, the theoretical basis for these experimental results is ...
GSDMD membrane pore formation constitutes
... permeabilized only to 50% (graded mechanism). Related to this, they do not show if the binding of the protein to the vesicles is homogeneous, or which fraction of the vesicles actually contains protein. They also do not know how many pores there are per vesicle. With such a simple analysis of the po ...
... permeabilized only to 50% (graded mechanism). Related to this, they do not show if the binding of the protein to the vesicles is homogeneous, or which fraction of the vesicles actually contains protein. They also do not know how many pores there are per vesicle. With such a simple analysis of the po ...
What is new in tympanoplasty? - Romanian Journal of Rhinology
... tissue and fibers in the lamina propria, possibly mediated by secreted substances, although the stiffness properties do not seem to be altered6,7. ...
... tissue and fibers in the lamina propria, possibly mediated by secreted substances, although the stiffness properties do not seem to be altered6,7. ...
Biogenesis of MalF and the MalFGK Maltose Transport Escherichia coli 2
... insert via the YidC-only pathway have been identified. All these proteins are small and do not contain a sizable periplasmic domains and more than two TMs. It is not clear how YidC assists the biogenesis of these proteins. During the biogenesis of SRP/Sec translocon-dependent inner membrane proteins ...
... insert via the YidC-only pathway have been identified. All these proteins are small and do not contain a sizable periplasmic domains and more than two TMs. It is not clear how YidC assists the biogenesis of these proteins. During the biogenesis of SRP/Sec translocon-dependent inner membrane proteins ...
Deciphering the molecular functions of sterols in cellulose
... requires a specific lipid environment. Consistent with this idea, its activity has been identified in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) that exhibit biochemical properties similar to sterol-rich PM microdomains (Bessueille et al., 2009). In the past 15 years, a model for the organization of the PM ...
... requires a specific lipid environment. Consistent with this idea, its activity has been identified in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) that exhibit biochemical properties similar to sterol-rich PM microdomains (Bessueille et al., 2009). In the past 15 years, a model for the organization of the PM ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis evades macrophage defenses by
... Avirulent mycobacteria, including mutant forms of MTb that have lost their ability to cause disease, stimulate the macrophage to undergo apoptosis, which results in a 'cellular corpse' with an impermeable envelope that prevents bacteria from escaping. This process leads to containment and killing of ...
... Avirulent mycobacteria, including mutant forms of MTb that have lost their ability to cause disease, stimulate the macrophage to undergo apoptosis, which results in a 'cellular corpse' with an impermeable envelope that prevents bacteria from escaping. This process leads to containment and killing of ...
The immunological synapse: a focal point for endocytosis and
... The precise site of signaling events leading to immune synapse formation has been controversial (for review see Dustin, 2009). Early signaling events have been shown to occur in peripheral microclusters in the pSMAC that coalesce into the cSMAC in both T and B cell synapses (Campi et al., 2005; Yoko ...
... The precise site of signaling events leading to immune synapse formation has been controversial (for review see Dustin, 2009). Early signaling events have been shown to occur in peripheral microclusters in the pSMAC that coalesce into the cSMAC in both T and B cell synapses (Campi et al., 2005; Yoko ...
3 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscle and nerve tissues • Allows all cells to maintain fluid volume ...
... and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscle and nerve tissues • Allows all cells to maintain fluid volume ...
REFLECTIONS
... farnesylation was blocked, K-Ras became an alternative substrate for another enzyme that we characterized, namely geranylgeranyltransferase (now known as GGTase I) (Ref. 41; see below). Realizing that it would be difficult to prevent all prenylation of K-Ras, we reluctantly gave up our quest to cure ...
... farnesylation was blocked, K-Ras became an alternative substrate for another enzyme that we characterized, namely geranylgeranyltransferase (now known as GGTase I) (Ref. 41; see below). Realizing that it would be difficult to prevent all prenylation of K-Ras, we reluctantly gave up our quest to cure ...
Cell biology # 2 - Nutley Public Schools
... and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscle and nerve tissues • Allows all cells to maintain fluid volume ...
... and high extracellular Na+ concentration • Maintains electrochemical gradients essential for functions of muscle and nerve tissues • Allows all cells to maintain fluid volume ...
Signals are transmitted from one neuron to the next
... While electrical synapses are fewer in number than chemical synapses, they are found in all nervous systems where they play important and unique roles. The mode of neurotransmission in electrical synapses is quite different from that in chemical synapses. In an electrical synapse, the presynaptic an ...
... While electrical synapses are fewer in number than chemical synapses, they are found in all nervous systems where they play important and unique roles. The mode of neurotransmission in electrical synapses is quite different from that in chemical synapses. In an electrical synapse, the presynaptic an ...
5 | structure and function of plasma membranes
... extracellular inputs and as activators of intracellular processes. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors, and they activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound. Occasionally, receptors are hijacked by ...
... extracellular inputs and as activators of intracellular processes. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors, and they activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound. Occasionally, receptors are hijacked by ...
Chapter 9 - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... responses that last only a short amount of time. In order to keep the response localized, paracrine ligand molecules are normally quickly degraded by enzymes or removed by neighboring cells. Removing the signals will reestablish the concentration gradient for the signal, allowing them to quickly dif ...
... responses that last only a short amount of time. In order to keep the response localized, paracrine ligand molecules are normally quickly degraded by enzymes or removed by neighboring cells. Removing the signals will reestablish the concentration gradient for the signal, allowing them to quickly dif ...
secretion and endocytosis in insulin
... internalized membranes may be reutilized by the cell in packaging new zymogen granules while Fawcett (24) proposed degradation of these membranes. From biochemical evidence, Meldolesi et al. (55) have recently suggested that retrieved membrane is degraded at most to the point of membrane macromolecu ...
... internalized membranes may be reutilized by the cell in packaging new zymogen granules while Fawcett (24) proposed degradation of these membranes. From biochemical evidence, Meldolesi et al. (55) have recently suggested that retrieved membrane is degraded at most to the point of membrane macromolecu ...
06 Physiology of synapses
... membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsynaptic membran 6. Receptor changes shape of ion channel opening it and changing membrane potential 7. NT is quickly destroy ...
... membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsynaptic membran 6. Receptor changes shape of ion channel opening it and changing membrane potential 7. NT is quickly destroy ...
02 Physiology of synapses, interneuronal connections
... membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsynaptic membran 6. Receptor changes shape of ion channel opening it and changing membrane potential 7. NT is quickly destroy ...
... membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsynaptic membran 6. Receptor changes shape of ion channel opening it and changing membrane potential 7. NT is quickly destroy ...
Apolipophorins and insects immune response
... exposure of its interior permits formation of a stable interaction with hydrophobic patches on lipophorin particles which appear as a function of DAG enrichment. In turn, Kawooya et al. (1986) have proposed that M. sexta apoLp-III recognizes potential lipid surface binding sites via one of its end a ...
... exposure of its interior permits formation of a stable interaction with hydrophobic patches on lipophorin particles which appear as a function of DAG enrichment. In turn, Kawooya et al. (1986) have proposed that M. sexta apoLp-III recognizes potential lipid surface binding sites via one of its end a ...
PDF 51 - The Open University
... another, such as the adrenal gland. For long-distance signalling, diffusion through the extracellular fluid is obviously inadequate. In such cases, signalling molecules may be transported in the blood. Secretory cells that produce signalling molecules are called endocrine cells, and are often found ...
... another, such as the adrenal gland. For long-distance signalling, diffusion through the extracellular fluid is obviously inadequate. In such cases, signalling molecules may be transported in the blood. Secretory cells that produce signalling molecules are called endocrine cells, and are often found ...
Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Plasma Membranes from
... Bulk preparation. To scale up the preparation procedure, the following modifications were made. For the initial fractionation of the 5000g pellet, it was resuspended in 5 ml of 50 % (w/v) sucrose made up as described previously and 40% sucrose layered on top. After centrifugation (2 h, 82 500g, in a ...
... Bulk preparation. To scale up the preparation procedure, the following modifications were made. For the initial fractionation of the 5000g pellet, it was resuspended in 5 ml of 50 % (w/v) sucrose made up as described previously and 40% sucrose layered on top. After centrifugation (2 h, 82 500g, in a ...
Mechanisms Shaping the Membranes of Cellular Organelles
... The third mechanism of membrane bending is hydrophobic insertion (wedging) (Figure 2c). Here, proteins insert hydrophobic domains, such as the hydrophobic surface of an amphipathic helix, into the upper part of a membrane monolayer. This results in the perturbation of the packing of the lipid head g ...
... The third mechanism of membrane bending is hydrophobic insertion (wedging) (Figure 2c). Here, proteins insert hydrophobic domains, such as the hydrophobic surface of an amphipathic helix, into the upper part of a membrane monolayer. This results in the perturbation of the packing of the lipid head g ...
Chapter 05 Membranes
... Originally, it was believed that because of its fluidity, the plasma membrane was uniform, with lipids and proteins free to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane. However, in the last decade evidence has accumulated suggesting the plasma membrane is not homogeneous and contains microdomains w ...
... Originally, it was believed that because of its fluidity, the plasma membrane was uniform, with lipids and proteins free to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane. However, in the last decade evidence has accumulated suggesting the plasma membrane is not homogeneous and contains microdomains w ...
Diabetes and Insulin Signaling - National Center for Case Study
... “Yeah it looks like you did a great job on identifying the different components of a signaling pathway. You have both the long-term and short-term effects on one bar. Can you tell me which effect can be categorized as a long-term effect and which can be a short-term effect?” “The long-term effect is ...
... “Yeah it looks like you did a great job on identifying the different components of a signaling pathway. You have both the long-term and short-term effects on one bar. Can you tell me which effect can be categorized as a long-term effect and which can be a short-term effect?” “The long-term effect is ...
Lipid raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts. These specialized membrane microdomains compartmentalize cellular processes by serving as organizing centers for the assembly of signaling molecules, influencing membrane fluidity and membrane protein trafficking, and regulating neurotransmission and receptor trafficking. Lipid rafts are more ordered and tightly packed than the surrounding bilayer, but float freely in the membrane bilayer. Although more common in plasma membrane, lipid rafts have also been reported in other parts of the cell, such as Golgi and lysosomes.