Current Topics Intrinsic Disorder and Protein Function†
... proteins (3). Tight regulation of intracellular protease activity can also be understood as a mechanism to protect proteasesensitive sites (5, 12). Additional mechanisms help disordered proteins avoid proteolysis in vivo. Some disordered regions are inaccessible to proteases due to steric factors; o ...
... proteins (3). Tight regulation of intracellular protease activity can also be understood as a mechanism to protect proteasesensitive sites (5, 12). Additional mechanisms help disordered proteins avoid proteolysis in vivo. Some disordered regions are inaccessible to proteases due to steric factors; o ...
Glossary - ChristopherKing.name
... Glossary Genome – The entire amount of genetic information for an organism. The human genome is the set of 46 chromosomes. Homologous – With regard to amino acids, a homologous amino acid is similar to a reference amino acid in chemical properties and size. For example, glutamate can be considered h ...
... Glossary Genome – The entire amount of genetic information for an organism. The human genome is the set of 46 chromosomes. Homologous – With regard to amino acids, a homologous amino acid is similar to a reference amino acid in chemical properties and size. For example, glutamate can be considered h ...
Name of Student: Dominik Sommerfeld
... Background: Protein kinases play a virtually universal role in the regulation of eukaryotic cellular processes by phosphorylating a plethora of protein (and lipid) substrates. Over two thirds of the proteins encoded by the human genome are subjected to phosphorylation on multiple sites, and there ma ...
... Background: Protein kinases play a virtually universal role in the regulation of eukaryotic cellular processes by phosphorylating a plethora of protein (and lipid) substrates. Over two thirds of the proteins encoded by the human genome are subjected to phosphorylation on multiple sites, and there ma ...
Materials by design: Merging proteins and music
... Derived from our knowledge of the behavior of natural silk proteins, our sequences contain two major building blocks — ‘‘A’’ (hydrophobic consensus domain, realized as an Alarich sequence) and ‘‘B’’ (hydrophilic consensus domain) combined with a hexahistidine tag labeled ‘‘H’’. The two building bloc ...
... Derived from our knowledge of the behavior of natural silk proteins, our sequences contain two major building blocks — ‘‘A’’ (hydrophobic consensus domain, realized as an Alarich sequence) and ‘‘B’’ (hydrophilic consensus domain) combined with a hexahistidine tag labeled ‘‘H’’. The two building bloc ...
Looking through a Father`s Eyes
... laboratory. Best of all, I had my family in the car with me – my wife Elaine and our twomonth old baby son, Calum. Life was sweet. Yet within a few short months that sweetness turned to dust in my mouth. Everything was fine for a couple of months. I busied myself with settling in to my new job, whil ...
... laboratory. Best of all, I had my family in the car with me – my wife Elaine and our twomonth old baby son, Calum. Life was sweet. Yet within a few short months that sweetness turned to dust in my mouth. Everything was fine for a couple of months. I busied myself with settling in to my new job, whil ...
Transport of proteins across mitochondrial membranes
... Wieland Prize to Prof. Walter Neupert in recognition of his successful research work on mitochondria. As well as the nucleus, body cells contain organelles which perform various functions. The most numerous of these are the mitochondria. They are enclosed in a double membrane system which contains t ...
... Wieland Prize to Prof. Walter Neupert in recognition of his successful research work on mitochondria. As well as the nucleus, body cells contain organelles which perform various functions. The most numerous of these are the mitochondria. They are enclosed in a double membrane system which contains t ...
Gene Section CDX2 (caudal-related homeobox 2) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Abnormal protein Fusion of ETV6 exon 2 to CDX2 exon 2. The predicted protein contains the N-terminal region of ETV6 38 fused to the entire homeobox of CDX2. The single case described that harbours this fusion also expressed normal CDX2, which is not normally expressed in haemopoietic cells. ...
... Abnormal protein Fusion of ETV6 exon 2 to CDX2 exon 2. The predicted protein contains the N-terminal region of ETV6 38 fused to the entire homeobox of CDX2. The single case described that harbours this fusion also expressed normal CDX2, which is not normally expressed in haemopoietic cells. ...
Nuclear function for the actin-binding cytoskeletal protein
... Moesin is low during interphase, its binding is very dynamic in the nucleus. 4, To gain more insight into the nuclear transport mechanisms of Moesin, we carried out an RNA interference screen on S2R+ cultured cells. We found that, upon silencing the nup98 (Nucleoporin98) or its interaction partner r ...
... Moesin is low during interphase, its binding is very dynamic in the nucleus. 4, To gain more insight into the nuclear transport mechanisms of Moesin, we carried out an RNA interference screen on S2R+ cultured cells. We found that, upon silencing the nup98 (Nucleoporin98) or its interaction partner r ...
A protein domain interaction interface database: InterPare | BMC
... structural biology, there has been an increase in the number of known three-dimensional protein structures. This 3D structure information is a good source of data for the study of protein interfaces. Here, we introduce a large-scale protein interaction interface database called InterPare (http://int ...
... structural biology, there has been an increase in the number of known three-dimensional protein structures. This 3D structure information is a good source of data for the study of protein interfaces. Here, we introduce a large-scale protein interaction interface database called InterPare (http://int ...
Amyloid Deposits: Protection Against Toxic Protein
... to be causative agents in the degenerative process4. But the tables have turned. Recent studies suggest instead that a group of still poorly defined pre-amyloid species, rather than the amyloid deposits themselves, are the true toxic conformations 5-8 (Figure 1). These soluble prefibrillar oligomers ...
... to be causative agents in the degenerative process4. But the tables have turned. Recent studies suggest instead that a group of still poorly defined pre-amyloid species, rather than the amyloid deposits themselves, are the true toxic conformations 5-8 (Figure 1). These soluble prefibrillar oligomers ...
Heterodimerization of the Two Motor Subunits of the Heterotrimeric
... 1992; Kondo et al., 1994), Drosophila Klp68D and Klp64D (Pesavento et al., 1994), the Chlamydomonas Fla10 gene product, KHP1 (Walther et al., 1994), and Caenorhabditis elegans Osm-3 (Shakir et al., 1993; Tabish et al., 1995). The motor domains of SpKRP85 and SpKRP95 display approximately 60% or grea ...
... 1992; Kondo et al., 1994), Drosophila Klp68D and Klp64D (Pesavento et al., 1994), the Chlamydomonas Fla10 gene product, KHP1 (Walther et al., 1994), and Caenorhabditis elegans Osm-3 (Shakir et al., 1993; Tabish et al., 1995). The motor domains of SpKRP85 and SpKRP95 display approximately 60% or grea ...
Bubbling Liver - DNALC::Protocols
... in 3.2 billion base pairs, which are subunits of DNA. Inside the cell nucleus, 2 meters (about 6 feet) of DNA are packaged into 23 pairs of chromosomes (one chromosome in each pair is inherited from each parent). Human cells have 46 chromosomes that contain the DNA for approximately 30,000 individua ...
... in 3.2 billion base pairs, which are subunits of DNA. Inside the cell nucleus, 2 meters (about 6 feet) of DNA are packaged into 23 pairs of chromosomes (one chromosome in each pair is inherited from each parent). Human cells have 46 chromosomes that contain the DNA for approximately 30,000 individua ...
Coarse-grained normal mode analysis in structural biology
... of proteins can be predicted by coarse-grained normal mode analysis has renewed interest in applications to structural biology. Notable applications include the prediction of biologically relevant motions of proteins and supramolecular structures driven by their structure-encoded collective dynamics ...
... of proteins can be predicted by coarse-grained normal mode analysis has renewed interest in applications to structural biology. Notable applications include the prediction of biologically relevant motions of proteins and supramolecular structures driven by their structure-encoded collective dynamics ...
Genes Reading Group, Minutes 2. (Nov 13)
... the social impact of the concept) this seems a very localist perspective: people behave differently because it works for them and feeds their needs. We reply: it is an open question if scientists behave functionally or dysfunctionally. But there is a normative streak in Rheinberger: fuzziness prom ...
... the social impact of the concept) this seems a very localist perspective: people behave differently because it works for them and feeds their needs. We reply: it is an open question if scientists behave functionally or dysfunctionally. But there is a normative streak in Rheinberger: fuzziness prom ...
Explain advantages of Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
... which are necessary for life. They are called nucleic acids as they were discovered in the nucleus of the cell and contain phosphate groups which are associated with phosphoric acid. The term nucleic acid covers DNA and RNA which is present in all living cells. The nucleotide is the main component i ...
... which are necessary for life. They are called nucleic acids as they were discovered in the nucleus of the cell and contain phosphate groups which are associated with phosphoric acid. The term nucleic acid covers DNA and RNA which is present in all living cells. The nucleotide is the main component i ...
Tau Protein and Alzheimer`s Disease - Max-Planck
... direction. In this regard, several important advances have been made in recent years (for recent reviews, 6,9,4,10). Tau has been identified as the primary component of abnormal neurofibrillary aggregates. Many of the normal and abnormal phosphorylation sites have been mapped, in particular, certain ...
... direction. In this regard, several important advances have been made in recent years (for recent reviews, 6,9,4,10). Tau has been identified as the primary component of abnormal neurofibrillary aggregates. Many of the normal and abnormal phosphorylation sites have been mapped, in particular, certain ...
Identification of a mitochondrial ATP synthase small subunit gene
... distributed throughout the mitochondria, as can be observed by RMtATP6-GFP/MitoTracker double staining (Fig. 3a–c). The RMtATP6-GFP gene was cloned into the plant expression vector pBI121 to study the localization of RMtATP6 in a tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum). The fusion gene was placed under th ...
... distributed throughout the mitochondria, as can be observed by RMtATP6-GFP/MitoTracker double staining (Fig. 3a–c). The RMtATP6-GFP gene was cloned into the plant expression vector pBI121 to study the localization of RMtATP6 in a tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum). The fusion gene was placed under th ...
Simulating cellular dynamics through a coupled transcription
... where E denotes an enzyme, S a substrate, ES an enzyme–substrate complex, and P the product. Fast reactions are further divided into two groups; one that involves only majority species (i.e. the species of high concentration), and the other refers to minority species (notably enzymes) of low concent ...
... where E denotes an enzyme, S a substrate, ES an enzyme–substrate complex, and P the product. Fast reactions are further divided into two groups; one that involves only majority species (i.e. the species of high concentration), and the other refers to minority species (notably enzymes) of low concent ...
DNA Replication, Transcript
... include all proteins. • It was later discovered that many proteins are actually composed of more than one polypeptide and it was proposed that each polypeptide required a separate gene. • Researchers in the last few years have discovered that at least some genes are not that straightforward. One gen ...
... include all proteins. • It was later discovered that many proteins are actually composed of more than one polypeptide and it was proposed that each polypeptide required a separate gene. • Researchers in the last few years have discovered that at least some genes are not that straightforward. One gen ...
Vp-1 Neurospora crassa circadian clock in chemostat culture
... severely impaired for virulence. The Bos1 histidine kinase therefore constitutes a major pathogenicity factor of B. cinerea. BOS1 presumably regulates a signal-transduction cascade involved in osmosensing comparable to the HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contra ...
... severely impaired for virulence. The Bos1 histidine kinase therefore constitutes a major pathogenicity factor of B. cinerea. BOS1 presumably regulates a signal-transduction cascade involved in osmosensing comparable to the HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contra ...
Welcome
... most commonly used vectors for gene expression. An efficient expression vector system must be capable of producing large quantities of the protein product. ...
... most commonly used vectors for gene expression. An efficient expression vector system must be capable of producing large quantities of the protein product. ...
HeLa cells
... Question 1- Map kinase and JNK activated by UVC and MMS treatments? -Used western blots to determine phosphorylated forms of ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinase activation Western blots commonly used to detect activated proteins. Typically use anti-phosho… antibodies for detection of phosphorylated protein, o ...
... Question 1- Map kinase and JNK activated by UVC and MMS treatments? -Used western blots to determine phosphorylated forms of ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinase activation Western blots commonly used to detect activated proteins. Typically use anti-phosho… antibodies for detection of phosphorylated protein, o ...
Chapter 15: Translation of mRNA
... For questions 1 to 4, complete the following sentences with the most appropriate term(s): 1. Francis Crick performed experiments on ________ which indicated that the genetic code is read in triplets. 2. The gain or loss of one or two bases alters the reading frame beyond the point of change, thus ca ...
... For questions 1 to 4, complete the following sentences with the most appropriate term(s): 1. Francis Crick performed experiments on ________ which indicated that the genetic code is read in triplets. 2. The gain or loss of one or two bases alters the reading frame beyond the point of change, thus ca ...
CHAPTER 16
... Concept check: Under what conditions is the lac repressor bound to the lac operon? Answer: The lac repressor is bound to the lac operon when it is not exposed to lactose— when allolactose is not bound to the repressor. FIGURE 16.8 Concept check: Why is it beneficial to the bacterium to regulate the ...
... Concept check: Under what conditions is the lac repressor bound to the lac operon? Answer: The lac repressor is bound to the lac operon when it is not exposed to lactose— when allolactose is not bound to the repressor. FIGURE 16.8 Concept check: Why is it beneficial to the bacterium to regulate the ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.