Cellular Polarity in Prokaryotic Organisms
... for the actin polymerization that drives bacterial motility in the host cell cytoplasm. IcsA belongs to a large family of auto-transporters that, along with other members of this family, is found localized at the old cell pole (Jain et al. 2006). In fact, even in artificially generated, spherical E. ...
... for the actin polymerization that drives bacterial motility in the host cell cytoplasm. IcsA belongs to a large family of auto-transporters that, along with other members of this family, is found localized at the old cell pole (Jain et al. 2006). In fact, even in artificially generated, spherical E. ...
Solid Tumour Section Soft tissue tumors: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Fluorescence in situ hybridization based approaches can be used to demonstrate the t(17;22), using gene specific probes to demonstrate PDGFbeta gene rearrangements as well as genetic gains and losses. ...
... Fluorescence in situ hybridization based approaches can be used to demonstrate the t(17;22), using gene specific probes to demonstrate PDGFbeta gene rearrangements as well as genetic gains and losses. ...
Basics of Gene regulation
... cell organelles, each having complex processes taking place in them. The human genome contains around 35,000 genes, out of which only a fraction of them are expressed in a cell at any given time. Gene expression varies in different cell types even though their copy of the genome is identical. Certai ...
... cell organelles, each having complex processes taking place in them. The human genome contains around 35,000 genes, out of which only a fraction of them are expressed in a cell at any given time. Gene expression varies in different cell types even though their copy of the genome is identical. Certai ...
Lecture 10: The Extracellular matrix
... or teeth or it can form the transparent matrix of cornea. At the interface between an epithelium and connective tissue, the matrix forms the basal lamina, a thin but tough mat that plays important part in controlling cell behavior. 5. (a) Until recently the vertebrate ECM was thought to serve as ine ...
... or teeth or it can form the transparent matrix of cornea. At the interface between an epithelium and connective tissue, the matrix forms the basal lamina, a thin but tough mat that plays important part in controlling cell behavior. 5. (a) Until recently the vertebrate ECM was thought to serve as ine ...
... protein contained a specific ribosome binding domain (S4 residues 5-68) common for homologous protein of this family but with different sequence location. Hidrophobicity profile and non polar residues composition suggests a membrane association, although the absence of signal peptide and transmembra ...
... 8. (8 pts) Please answer one of the following three choices. Be sure to indicate your choice. Choice A: Briefly describe the major thermodynamic factor that destabilizes the native (folded) state of a protein. Use an equation if appropriate. Choice B: Explain what thermodynamic factor(s) are respons ...
The surface-located YopN protein is involved in calcium signal
... YopN protein was also shown to be expressed after the addition of IPTG in Yersinia (Fig. 5). In the absence of IPTG, low residual calcium-induced YopN expression at 37°C was observed for hybrid plasmid pAF80 expressed in Yersinia. YopN is surface tocated Previous studies on Yersinia grown under calc ...
... YopN protein was also shown to be expressed after the addition of IPTG in Yersinia (Fig. 5). In the absence of IPTG, low residual calcium-induced YopN expression at 37°C was observed for hybrid plasmid pAF80 expressed in Yersinia. YopN is surface tocated Previous studies on Yersinia grown under calc ...
Microbial Fermentation - Quotation Inquiry Form Instructions Please
... Standard deliverables include cell paste, batch records and QC datasheet. Synthetic gene in pUC57 will be delivered if gene synthesis is performed Gene synthesis and protein purification are add-on services that cost extra If gene synthesis is performed, codon optimization using our proprietary, Opt ...
... Standard deliverables include cell paste, batch records and QC datasheet. Synthetic gene in pUC57 will be delivered if gene synthesis is performed Gene synthesis and protein purification are add-on services that cost extra If gene synthesis is performed, codon optimization using our proprietary, Opt ...
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two distinct
... Besides tRNase Z, a few members of the MBL superfamily with either demonstrated or predicted nuclease activity have been found to participate in nucleic-acid metabolism. Most of these proteins belong to the β-CASP (MBL associated CISF Artemis SNM1/PSO2) family. The best studied member of this family ...
... Besides tRNase Z, a few members of the MBL superfamily with either demonstrated or predicted nuclease activity have been found to participate in nucleic-acid metabolism. Most of these proteins belong to the β-CASP (MBL associated CISF Artemis SNM1/PSO2) family. The best studied member of this family ...
Microbes Thriving in Extreme Environments
... conditions. Extremophiles refers to the organisms living and carrying out vital life processes at extreme conditions of temperature, pressure, pH, salt concentration among others and this is why they have attracted attention of researchers worldwide. There is a continuous quest to unreveal the proba ...
... conditions. Extremophiles refers to the organisms living and carrying out vital life processes at extreme conditions of temperature, pressure, pH, salt concentration among others and this is why they have attracted attention of researchers worldwide. There is a continuous quest to unreveal the proba ...
Sequence
... all, the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly improved for the specific purpose of identifying protein relatives. It is accepted that convergence phenomena in aa sequences are very rare and thus aa similarity almost always means homology. Furthermore, aa sequences may still show a similarity derived fro ...
... all, the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly improved for the specific purpose of identifying protein relatives. It is accepted that convergence phenomena in aa sequences are very rare and thus aa similarity almost always means homology. Furthermore, aa sequences may still show a similarity derived fro ...
Differential expression of genes involved in
... • This adaptability is indicative of a high degree of metabolic flexibility within mycobacteria ...
... • This adaptability is indicative of a high degree of metabolic flexibility within mycobacteria ...
Evolution of cis-regulatory elements in duplicated genes of yeast
... comparing sequences of HoxA cluster of different vertebrate lineages failed to provide evidence for the subfunctionalization model [8]. Although a couple of examples are known for the subfunctionalization process of regulatory elements in vertebrates and plants [3,7,9], these being mostly based on c ...
... comparing sequences of HoxA cluster of different vertebrate lineages failed to provide evidence for the subfunctionalization model [8]. Although a couple of examples are known for the subfunctionalization process of regulatory elements in vertebrates and plants [3,7,9], these being mostly based on c ...
membranes (Ms. Shivani Bhagwat)
... Integrins are heterodimeric proteins (two unlike subunits, α and β ) anchored to the plasma membrane by a single hydrophobic transmembrane helix in each subunit. Integrins are not merely adhesives; they serve as • receptors and signal transducers • conveying information across the plasma membrane in ...
... Integrins are heterodimeric proteins (two unlike subunits, α and β ) anchored to the plasma membrane by a single hydrophobic transmembrane helix in each subunit. Integrins are not merely adhesives; they serve as • receptors and signal transducers • conveying information across the plasma membrane in ...
Gene Section TTL (twelve-thirteen translocation leukemia) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Note: Only one case to date. Hybrid/Mutated Gene Both reciprocal transcripts, TTL/ETV6 and ETV6/TTL, were detected. ETV6/TTL fusion transcript. The other transcript, TTL/ETV6, comprises 5' TTL exons 1 to 5 or to 8a, fused to ETV6 from exon 2. The predicted 530 amino acids fusion protein consists mos ...
... Note: Only one case to date. Hybrid/Mutated Gene Both reciprocal transcripts, TTL/ETV6 and ETV6/TTL, were detected. ETV6/TTL fusion transcript. The other transcript, TTL/ETV6, comprises 5' TTL exons 1 to 5 or to 8a, fused to ETV6 from exon 2. The predicted 530 amino acids fusion protein consists mos ...
Function Factories Independently of Its Chaperone Specifically
... small interfering RNA (siRNA) J-017609-08 (Dharmacon) by using Dharmafect 1 transfection reagent (Dharmacon) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The complexes were first incubated for 20 min, then added to cells, and finally incubated at 37°C for 48, 72, and 96 h. To evaluate the knockdown ...
... small interfering RNA (siRNA) J-017609-08 (Dharmacon) by using Dharmafect 1 transfection reagent (Dharmacon) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The complexes were first incubated for 20 min, then added to cells, and finally incubated at 37°C for 48, 72, and 96 h. To evaluate the knockdown ...
Force is a signal that cells cannot ignore
... By definition, a signal can be transmitted, routed, and transduced, and each of these steps can be a point for regulation. The study of cellular signaling has traditionally rested on biochemical concepts, in which chemical signals are transmitted via diffusion, routed by specific binding interaction ...
... By definition, a signal can be transmitted, routed, and transduced, and each of these steps can be a point for regulation. The study of cellular signaling has traditionally rested on biochemical concepts, in which chemical signals are transmitted via diffusion, routed by specific binding interaction ...
mRNA and protein abundance for glutathione-S
... promoter regions and 3’UTRs The comparative analysis can be illustrated by considering a known regulatory motif. The 8-mer TGACCTTG is known to be a binding site of the Err-α protein and to occur in the promoters of many genes induced during mitochondrial biogenesis. The promoter of the GABPA gene c ...
... promoter regions and 3’UTRs The comparative analysis can be illustrated by considering a known regulatory motif. The 8-mer TGACCTTG is known to be a binding site of the Err-α protein and to occur in the promoters of many genes induced during mitochondrial biogenesis. The promoter of the GABPA gene c ...
Update on chloroplast research: new tools, new
... that biotechnological approaches to crop improvement now seem feasible. Meanwhile, efforts to identify the entire complement of chloroplast proteins and their interactions are progressing rapidly, making the organelle a prime target for systems biology research in plants. Key words: ...
... that biotechnological approaches to crop improvement now seem feasible. Meanwhile, efforts to identify the entire complement of chloroplast proteins and their interactions are progressing rapidly, making the organelle a prime target for systems biology research in plants. Key words: ...
Appendix A: Re-Turking Results
... The task is to read a series of medical abstracts that discuss genes and proteins, as well as mutations. Genes encode information about proteins, and so these are often discussed interchangeably. Mutations occur on genes, but are often described with respect to proteins, because a gene mutation can ...
... The task is to read a series of medical abstracts that discuss genes and proteins, as well as mutations. Genes encode information about proteins, and so these are often discussed interchangeably. Mutations occur on genes, but are often described with respect to proteins, because a gene mutation can ...
Conserved functions of retinoblastoma proteins: From purple retina
... regulation of the cell cycle, differentiation and apoptotic pathways of specific cell types. Discoveries in the past decade have shown that key elements of the RB regulatory network also exist in higher plants which control a wide range of cellular functions, including cell division cycle and differ ...
... regulation of the cell cycle, differentiation and apoptotic pathways of specific cell types. Discoveries in the past decade have shown that key elements of the RB regulatory network also exist in higher plants which control a wide range of cellular functions, including cell division cycle and differ ...
Transport of the precursor to neurospora ATPase
... enzyme(s) correctly process a precursor protein from a different organism, which inyeast is assembled via a quite different pathway, suggests that there must be signals common to at least classes of mitochondrial precursors. On the other hand, it is clear that there is not one unique pathway. Subuni ...
... enzyme(s) correctly process a precursor protein from a different organism, which inyeast is assembled via a quite different pathway, suggests that there must be signals common to at least classes of mitochondrial precursors. On the other hand, it is clear that there is not one unique pathway. Subuni ...
... The basic steps for cloning the coding region of the protein of interest into a fusion protein expression vector are outlined in Table 2. Tools available for each step of the process are indicated. Use of the HaloTag® Flexi® Vector System simplifies the procedure, and a free webbased tool for primer ...
EXPRESSION OF IQ-MOTIF GENES IN HUMAN CELLS AND ASPM
... identified recently as a major determinant in human cerebral cortical size by positional cloning.6 The ASPM gene appears necessary for normal mitotic spindle function and neurogenesis during embryonic growth. Other multiple IQ-motif genes (KIAA0036 and KIAA1023) occur in the human genome, but have o ...
... identified recently as a major determinant in human cerebral cortical size by positional cloning.6 The ASPM gene appears necessary for normal mitotic spindle function and neurogenesis during embryonic growth. Other multiple IQ-motif genes (KIAA0036 and KIAA1023) occur in the human genome, but have o ...
Protein Design
... • after some searching, make the system less likely to go uphill • introduce the concept of temperature T • initially high T means you can go uphill (like a high energy ...
... • after some searching, make the system less likely to go uphill • introduce the concept of temperature T • initially high T means you can go uphill (like a high energy ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.