2.7. Future of plant-based protein sources
... When asked to give examples of protein sources most groups started with the obvious meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Beans, peas and lentils usually followed. Soy products were also mentioned without assisting in all groups. In vegetarian groups the plant-based sources of protein were usually m ...
... When asked to give examples of protein sources most groups started with the obvious meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Beans, peas and lentils usually followed. Soy products were also mentioned without assisting in all groups. In vegetarian groups the plant-based sources of protein were usually m ...
Tissue-Specific Protein Expression in Plant Mitochondria
... 1989). Although these studies reveal that isolated mitochondria from different tissues or genotypes vary in the complement of proteins they synthesize, no conclusions can be drawn concerning the possible physiological or biochemical roles these unidentified proteins may play. The alternative oxidase ...
... 1989). Although these studies reveal that isolated mitochondria from different tissues or genotypes vary in the complement of proteins they synthesize, no conclusions can be drawn concerning the possible physiological or biochemical roles these unidentified proteins may play. The alternative oxidase ...
2004-12_AmiGO_aireland
... The GO term identifier and term name can be clicked to get a more detailed view of the term, including the definition and all genes and gene products annotated to the term. Mousing over the term brings up a floating box showing the term definition. Following the term ID and name is a number in paren ...
... The GO term identifier and term name can be clicked to get a more detailed view of the term, including the definition and all genes and gene products annotated to the term. Mousing over the term brings up a floating box showing the term definition. Following the term ID and name is a number in paren ...
Universal strategies in research and drug discovery based on protein
... represented on the left, and the interactions between the pathway enzymes are depicted on the right. Perturbation of one enzyme (B4) with, for example, a drug, changes the interactions of other enzymes coupled to B4 (B6:B7). This way it can be inferred that these enzymes have a role in the same bioc ...
... represented on the left, and the interactions between the pathway enzymes are depicted on the right. Perturbation of one enzyme (B4) with, for example, a drug, changes the interactions of other enzymes coupled to B4 (B6:B7). This way it can be inferred that these enzymes have a role in the same bioc ...
Ion homeostasis, channels, and transporters: an update on cellular
... transport proteins facilitated their grouping within families and superfamilies of structurally related membrane proteins. Postgenomics research in ion transport biology increasingly involves two powerful approaches. One involves elucidation of the molecular structures, at the atomic level in some c ...
... transport proteins facilitated their grouping within families and superfamilies of structurally related membrane proteins. Postgenomics research in ion transport biology increasingly involves two powerful approaches. One involves elucidation of the molecular structures, at the atomic level in some c ...
Expanding the `central dogma`: the regulatory role of
... coding gene, but is missing critical bp sequences required for translation. A pseudogene may be transcribed, but the resultant mRNA is not translated into a protein. Numerous (B20 000) pseudogenes have been identified in the human genome, and many genes have multiple pseudogenes, often located on di ...
... coding gene, but is missing critical bp sequences required for translation. A pseudogene may be transcribed, but the resultant mRNA is not translated into a protein. Numerous (B20 000) pseudogenes have been identified in the human genome, and many genes have multiple pseudogenes, often located on di ...
traffic jams affect plant development and signal transduction
... fuse to form one central vacuole 25. It is possible that these pathways overlap and share common components. The amino-acid sequences of protein families that mediate protein trafficking are conserved in plants, animals and yeast; however, it is not possible to predict their functions solely on the ...
... fuse to form one central vacuole 25. It is possible that these pathways overlap and share common components. The amino-acid sequences of protein families that mediate protein trafficking are conserved in plants, animals and yeast; however, it is not possible to predict their functions solely on the ...
The Prion Diseases
... • Considering that PrP can fold in at least two ways, it would not be surprising to find it can collapse into other structures as well. ...
... • Considering that PrP can fold in at least two ways, it would not be surprising to find it can collapse into other structures as well. ...
AP Lesson #50 After transcription, do prokaryotes need to modify
... • A single gene can code for more than one protein • It depends on which segment is treated as an exon ...
... • A single gene can code for more than one protein • It depends on which segment is treated as an exon ...
april7_maindocument_jvirol
... structure with a diameter of approximately 10 nm and up to several hundreds of nm in length (33, 34). The highly basic N protein has a molecular mass ranging between 45 and 60 kDa in the various groups of coronaviruses and, along with its coding RNA, is synthesized in large amounts during infection ...
... structure with a diameter of approximately 10 nm and up to several hundreds of nm in length (33, 34). The highly basic N protein has a molecular mass ranging between 45 and 60 kDa in the various groups of coronaviruses and, along with its coding RNA, is synthesized in large amounts during infection ...
2.2 Membrane Structure and Functions
... 10. How are protein receptors and enzymes similar? K/U 11. If proteins were rigid, how would this affect their ability to act as receptors? K/U 12. Describe what is meant by integral and peripheral membrane proteins. How do they differ in their chemical makeup and their arrangement of amino ...
... 10. How are protein receptors and enzymes similar? K/U 11. If proteins were rigid, how would this affect their ability to act as receptors? K/U 12. Describe what is meant by integral and peripheral membrane proteins. How do they differ in their chemical makeup and their arrangement of amino ...
X-ray structures of the N and C-terminal domains of a
... structure with a diameter of approximately 10 nm and up to several hundreds of nm in length (33, 34). The highly basic N protein has a molecular mass ranging between 45 and 60 kDa in the various groups of coronaviruses and, along with its coding RNA, is synthesized in large amounts during infection ...
... structure with a diameter of approximately 10 nm and up to several hundreds of nm in length (33, 34). The highly basic N protein has a molecular mass ranging between 45 and 60 kDa in the various groups of coronaviruses and, along with its coding RNA, is synthesized in large amounts during infection ...
Deletion of the Chloroplast-Localized Thylakoid Formation1 Gene
... via a membrane vesicle transit system (Zak et al., 2001). Such vesicle-transfer mechanisms are utilized in many aspects of membrane and protein transfer in biological systems, enabling cargo to move both within and to the outside of the cell (Bock et al., 2001). Several nuclear- and plastid-encoded ...
... via a membrane vesicle transit system (Zak et al., 2001). Such vesicle-transfer mechanisms are utilized in many aspects of membrane and protein transfer in biological systems, enabling cargo to move both within and to the outside of the cell (Bock et al., 2001). Several nuclear- and plastid-encoded ...
Common infection strategies of plant and animal pathogenic bacteria
... planta or when transfected into protoplasts strongly suggests that these effectors are translocated into the plant cell during the natural infection [28,29]. It should be noted that effector proteins act not only as avirulence factors. Effector proteins presumably provide a selective advantage for ...
... planta or when transfected into protoplasts strongly suggests that these effectors are translocated into the plant cell during the natural infection [28,29]. It should be noted that effector proteins act not only as avirulence factors. Effector proteins presumably provide a selective advantage for ...
2 Nucleic Acids
... acids, whereas large proteins may contain thousands of amino acids. The largest known proteins are titins, found in muscle, which are composed from over 27,000 amino acids. Protein Structure ...
... acids, whereas large proteins may contain thousands of amino acids. The largest known proteins are titins, found in muscle, which are composed from over 27,000 amino acids. Protein Structure ...
Sequence-based prediction of protein interaction
... DNA sequencing methods. For example, by July 29, 2008, there are 392 667 identified protein sequences in Uniprot/Swissprot (reviewed, manually annotated) (Uniprot, 2008) and only 47 978 known protein structures in PDB (Berman et al., 2000). Thus, it is now more important than ever to identify protei ...
... DNA sequencing methods. For example, by July 29, 2008, there are 392 667 identified protein sequences in Uniprot/Swissprot (reviewed, manually annotated) (Uniprot, 2008) and only 47 978 known protein structures in PDB (Berman et al., 2000). Thus, it is now more important than ever to identify protei ...
No Slide Title
... established genetic markers that aid in the identification of loci affecting quantitative traits and/or disease in wide variety of eukaryote species. In addition, SNPs have been used extensively in efforts to study the evolution of microbial populations. Such efforts have largely been confined to mu ...
... established genetic markers that aid in the identification of loci affecting quantitative traits and/or disease in wide variety of eukaryote species. In addition, SNPs have been used extensively in efforts to study the evolution of microbial populations. Such efforts have largely been confined to mu ...
Polycystin-2 takes different routes to the somatic and ciliary plasma
... Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. A. Rascle’s present address is Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. ...
... Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. A. Rascle’s present address is Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. ...
Histidine protonation and the activation of viral fusion proteins
... protein specifically play a critical role in fusion activation is that low pH also plays a role in the cleavage of the envelope protein precursor [7]. However, the structure of the uncleaved precursor and therefore its histidine environments are not ...
... protein specifically play a critical role in fusion activation is that low pH also plays a role in the cleavage of the envelope protein precursor [7]. However, the structure of the uncleaved precursor and therefore its histidine environments are not ...
Residue-specific Mass Signatures for the
... In Vitro Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation. The pGEX2TK vector (Pharmacia), encoding a GST fusion protein containing a protein kinase A (PKA) site, was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 cells. The M9 minimum media with and without Ser-d3 precursors were used for cell growth. Because of the uniq ...
... In Vitro Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation. The pGEX2TK vector (Pharmacia), encoding a GST fusion protein containing a protein kinase A (PKA) site, was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 cells. The M9 minimum media with and without Ser-d3 precursors were used for cell growth. Because of the uniq ...
Exploration of PAR2-like Proteins present in Culex Mosquitoes
... sperm have a unique motility pattern, specifically the sperm cycle through three separate and distinctive waveforms (Thaler et al 2014). The three wave forms consist of a low amplitude, long wavelength form (Wave A), a double waveform with two superimposed waveforms over the length of the flagellum ...
... sperm have a unique motility pattern, specifically the sperm cycle through three separate and distinctive waveforms (Thaler et al 2014). The three wave forms consist of a low amplitude, long wavelength form (Wave A), a double waveform with two superimposed waveforms over the length of the flagellum ...
Industrial Applications of Enzymes
... single batch of enzymes The ability to stop the reaction rapidly by removing the enzyme from the reaction solution Product is not contaminated with the enzyme ...
... single batch of enzymes The ability to stop the reaction rapidly by removing the enzyme from the reaction solution Product is not contaminated with the enzyme ...
B. Sc. (Hons) Biotechnology - Agricultural University Peshawar
... The biosynthesis of fatty acids (Lipogenesis), its importance, inhibition and regulation, microsomal system of fatty acid elonation; Fatty acid oxidation, Alpa, beta and omea-oxidation of fatty acid, its importance and regulation; Ketone bodies formation, excretion and their utilization by the body; ...
... The biosynthesis of fatty acids (Lipogenesis), its importance, inhibition and regulation, microsomal system of fatty acid elonation; Fatty acid oxidation, Alpa, beta and omea-oxidation of fatty acid, its importance and regulation; Ketone bodies formation, excretion and their utilization by the body; ...
Emerson_AnnMissBot_1945
... tional observations just reported by Spiegelman ('45) it would be necessary to have the adaptive template (cytoplasmic factor) self-reproducing, as he has suggested. The lower half of the same diagram (fig. 4) shows what must happen to the gene responsible for the adaptive structure under proper cir ...
... tional observations just reported by Spiegelman ('45) it would be necessary to have the adaptive template (cytoplasmic factor) self-reproducing, as he has suggested. The lower half of the same diagram (fig. 4) shows what must happen to the gene responsible for the adaptive structure under proper cir ...
Identification of a novel human ... through its interaction with the ...
... This study supports a role for the Tankyrases in cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways, and suggest that vesicle trafficking may be involved in the subcellular localization or signaling function of Grb14. ...
... This study supports a role for the Tankyrases in cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways, and suggest that vesicle trafficking may be involved in the subcellular localization or signaling function of Grb14. ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.