The dark side of dioxygen biochemistry Joan Selverstone Valentine
... in complex III and secondarily NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), in what are believed to be side reactions of electron transport (Figure 1) [20,21]. In addition, however, there also exist specialized systems whose primary purpose is to generate superoxide and ROS for use in defense systems that protec ...
... in complex III and secondarily NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), in what are believed to be side reactions of electron transport (Figure 1) [20,21]. In addition, however, there also exist specialized systems whose primary purpose is to generate superoxide and ROS for use in defense systems that protec ...
Plant disease resistance genes: recent insights and
... decades while Ve1 and Ve2 target Verticillium species that cause wilt in many different crops. The Ve genes can provide resistance to different Verticillium species and are functional in potato when expressed as transgenes. The Rpg1 and Ve genes are also interesting from a basic research standpoint ...
... decades while Ve1 and Ve2 target Verticillium species that cause wilt in many different crops. The Ve genes can provide resistance to different Verticillium species and are functional in potato when expressed as transgenes. The Rpg1 and Ve genes are also interesting from a basic research standpoint ...
12813 Demonstrate knowledge of the biochemistry of cells
... structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and the metabolic processes occurring in cells. ...
... structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and the metabolic processes occurring in cells. ...
Biological electron-transfer reactions
... (GRTln K) if the reduction potentials of the reactants are known. Since the pioneering studies of J.B. Conant concerning the oxidation–reduction equilibrium of haemoglobin in the 1920s, several methods have been used to study the electrochemical properties of proteins that possess metals, flavin ...
... (GRTln K) if the reduction potentials of the reactants are known. Since the pioneering studies of J.B. Conant concerning the oxidation–reduction equilibrium of haemoglobin in the 1920s, several methods have been used to study the electrochemical properties of proteins that possess metals, flavin ...
Isolation of Dynein Light Chains and determination of
... Immunity to Invasion by Merozoites Clinical immunity to malaria is slow to develop and short lived. One reason for this is the extensive diversity found in Plasmodium antigens. ...
... Immunity to Invasion by Merozoites Clinical immunity to malaria is slow to develop and short lived. One reason for this is the extensive diversity found in Plasmodium antigens. ...
1 - BioMed Central
... Table S1. Sets of primer pair sequences and their associated optimal PCR parameters. ...
... Table S1. Sets of primer pair sequences and their associated optimal PCR parameters. ...
Protein Analysis - GRiSP Research Solutions
... Western blotting is a widely-used analytical technique for the study of proteins. This method, first described by Towbin, et. al1, allows for the detection of a single protein within a mixture of proteins derived from a biological sample. The specificity of Western blotting is achieved by using an a ...
... Western blotting is a widely-used analytical technique for the study of proteins. This method, first described by Towbin, et. al1, allows for the detection of a single protein within a mixture of proteins derived from a biological sample. The specificity of Western blotting is achieved by using an a ...
alternatively-spliced protein sequences derived
... two separate SWISS-PROT records describe isoforms of the same protein. However, suggested clusters can only be verified using information already present in SWISS-PROT. The results of similarity searches performed against a protein database (using algorithms such as FASTA and BLAST) will clearly be ...
... two separate SWISS-PROT records describe isoforms of the same protein. However, suggested clusters can only be verified using information already present in SWISS-PROT. The results of similarity searches performed against a protein database (using algorithms such as FASTA and BLAST) will clearly be ...
Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging of Transcription Factor Proteins
... response regulator and sensor kinase proteins are phosphoproteins that can exist in an “active” (phosphorylated) and an “inactive” (unphosphorylated) form. A phosphorylated sensor kinase can convert a response regulator from its inactive form to its active form, which has an increased affinity for a ...
... response regulator and sensor kinase proteins are phosphoproteins that can exist in an “active” (phosphorylated) and an “inactive” (unphosphorylated) form. A phosphorylated sensor kinase can convert a response regulator from its inactive form to its active form, which has an increased affinity for a ...
MUTATIONS
... code for different amino acids. Furthermore, the stop codon "UAA, UGA, or UAG" will not be read, or a stop codon could be created at an earlier or later site. The protein being created could be abnormally short, abnormally long, and/or contain the wrong amino acids. It will most likely not be func ...
... code for different amino acids. Furthermore, the stop codon "UAA, UGA, or UAG" will not be read, or a stop codon could be created at an earlier or later site. The protein being created could be abnormally short, abnormally long, and/or contain the wrong amino acids. It will most likely not be func ...
Exercises Biological databases PART
... How many unigene clusters contain only 1 sequence (i.e. unclustered sequences). What will happen if more EST sequences become available. How many clusters contain both an mRNA sequence and an EST. How many only an EST. What will be the most reliable clusters? (HTC = a high throughput cDNA; Sequences ...
... How many unigene clusters contain only 1 sequence (i.e. unclustered sequences). What will happen if more EST sequences become available. How many clusters contain both an mRNA sequence and an EST. How many only an EST. What will be the most reliable clusters? (HTC = a high throughput cDNA; Sequences ...
Mechanisms of enveloped RNA virus budding
... interactions and can thereby initiate signaling cascades that trigger endocytosis and/or increase the permissivity of the host cell environment. Analyses of the molecular basis of virus entry have identified the unexpected conservation of a three-stranded, coiled-coil architecture in viral envelope ...
... interactions and can thereby initiate signaling cascades that trigger endocytosis and/or increase the permissivity of the host cell environment. Analyses of the molecular basis of virus entry have identified the unexpected conservation of a three-stranded, coiled-coil architecture in viral envelope ...
Integral proteins are in
... The basis of membrane structure is a lipid bilayer To answer the question that how many lipid layers were in membrane, in 1925 Gorter and Grendel extracted the lipids from a known number of erythrocytes and spread the lipid film on a water surface. The area of lipid film on the water was about twice ...
... The basis of membrane structure is a lipid bilayer To answer the question that how many lipid layers were in membrane, in 1925 Gorter and Grendel extracted the lipids from a known number of erythrocytes and spread the lipid film on a water surface. The area of lipid film on the water was about twice ...
vesicle
... neurons in order to coordinate smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles, bodily secretions and organ functions critical for the long-term survival of multicellular vertebrate organisms such as mammals. Neurons form networks through which nerve impulses travel. Each neuron receives as many as 15,000 conn ...
... neurons in order to coordinate smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles, bodily secretions and organ functions critical for the long-term survival of multicellular vertebrate organisms such as mammals. Neurons form networks through which nerve impulses travel. Each neuron receives as many as 15,000 conn ...
What`s Missing: A Deeper Understanding of Misfolded Enzymes and
... The human cell is organized into compartments called organelles. Some key organelles include: Nucleus – contains the cell’s genetic material Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – involved with making proteins, including enzymes Golgi Apparatus – serves as central delivery system for cell by delivering enzyme ...
... The human cell is organized into compartments called organelles. Some key organelles include: Nucleus – contains the cell’s genetic material Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – involved with making proteins, including enzymes Golgi Apparatus – serves as central delivery system for cell by delivering enzyme ...
Functional studies of the BTB domain in the Drosophila GAGA and
... GAGA factor to activate binding site-dependent transcription in transfected S2 cells. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate GAGA cDNAs with mutations corresponding to those in the BTB domain of mod(mdg4)351. A double mutant D35N+G93S was made, as well as the single mutant D35N. The mutant c ...
... GAGA factor to activate binding site-dependent transcription in transfected S2 cells. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate GAGA cDNAs with mutations corresponding to those in the BTB domain of mod(mdg4)351. A double mutant D35N+G93S was made, as well as the single mutant D35N. The mutant c ...
67KB - NZQA
... structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and the metabolic processes occurring in cells. ...
... structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and the metabolic processes occurring in cells. ...
Analysis of Protein Interactions at Native Chloroplast Membranes by
... Membrane bound receptors play vital roles in cell signaling, and are the target for many drugs, yet their interactions with ligands are difficult to study by conventional techniques due to the technical difficulty of monitoring these interactions in lipid environments. In particular, the ability to ...
... Membrane bound receptors play vital roles in cell signaling, and are the target for many drugs, yet their interactions with ligands are difficult to study by conventional techniques due to the technical difficulty of monitoring these interactions in lipid environments. In particular, the ability to ...
What is a functional genetic polymorphism?
... inter genic regions of unknown function. 5 For example, 2 SNPs in the dopamine D2 receptor gene introns 5–6 alter its splicing to favour the generation of the D2 long over short receptor isoform and are associated with reductions in working memory and reduced frontostriatal activation in people with ...
... inter genic regions of unknown function. 5 For example, 2 SNPs in the dopamine D2 receptor gene introns 5–6 alter its splicing to favour the generation of the D2 long over short receptor isoform and are associated with reductions in working memory and reduced frontostriatal activation in people with ...
Arabidopsis WPP-Domain Proteins Are
... phenotype is caused by a reduced number of cells entering mitosis, providing evidence for a functional link between a NE protein and cell division in plants. RESULTS The Arabidopsis Genome Encodes Five Proteins Containing WPP Domains Plant RanGAP has been shown to contain an N-terminal NE targeting ...
... phenotype is caused by a reduced number of cells entering mitosis, providing evidence for a functional link between a NE protein and cell division in plants. RESULTS The Arabidopsis Genome Encodes Five Proteins Containing WPP Domains Plant RanGAP has been shown to contain an N-terminal NE targeting ...
Differential activity of Rickettsia rickettsii ompA and ompB promoter
... rOmpB, a precursor form of the protein is cleaved to yield a 135 kDa N-terminal polypeptide and a 32 kDa Cterminal polypeptide which remain non-covalently associated during radioimmunoprecipitation (Gilmore e t al., 1991 ; Hackstadt e t al., 1992). In this study we investigate possible genetic mecha ...
... rOmpB, a precursor form of the protein is cleaved to yield a 135 kDa N-terminal polypeptide and a 32 kDa Cterminal polypeptide which remain non-covalently associated during radioimmunoprecipitation (Gilmore e t al., 1991 ; Hackstadt e t al., 1992). In this study we investigate possible genetic mecha ...
Tsui, S, Dai, T, Warren, ST and Yen, P: Association of the mouse infertility factor DAZL1 with actively translating polyribosomes. Biology of Reproduction 62:1655-1660 (2000).
... deleted in about 10% of infertile men with idiopathic azoospermia. DAZ and an autosomal DAZ-like gene, DAZL1, are expressed in germ cells only. They encode proteins with an RNA recognition motif and with either a single copy (in DAZL1) or multiple copies (in DAZ) of a DAZ repeat. A role for DAZL1 an ...
... deleted in about 10% of infertile men with idiopathic azoospermia. DAZ and an autosomal DAZ-like gene, DAZL1, are expressed in germ cells only. They encode proteins with an RNA recognition motif and with either a single copy (in DAZL1) or multiple copies (in DAZ) of a DAZ repeat. A role for DAZL1 an ...
text
... slightly retarded root growth, with M. incognita showed a 23-56% reduction in the number of nematode eggs per gram root in these SCL mutants, when compared to the wild-type control Arabidopsis (G.Z. Huang and R.S. Hussey, unpublished data). The specific interaction of RKN 16D10 with the SAW domain o ...
... slightly retarded root growth, with M. incognita showed a 23-56% reduction in the number of nematode eggs per gram root in these SCL mutants, when compared to the wild-type control Arabidopsis (G.Z. Huang and R.S. Hussey, unpublished data). The specific interaction of RKN 16D10 with the SAW domain o ...
From Molecular Machines to Hierarchical Modeling
... environmental response to anthropogenic inputs of CO2 into the atmosphere and in global carbon modeling. However, the actual biochemical mechanisms of carbon fixation and their genomic basis are poorly understood for these organisms as is their relationship to important macroscopic phenomena. For ex ...
... environmental response to anthropogenic inputs of CO2 into the atmosphere and in global carbon modeling. However, the actual biochemical mechanisms of carbon fixation and their genomic basis are poorly understood for these organisms as is their relationship to important macroscopic phenomena. For ex ...
2.7. Future of plant-based protein sources
... When asked to give examples of protein sources most groups started with the obvious meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Beans, peas and lentils usually followed. Soy products were also mentioned without assisting in all groups. In vegetarian groups the plant-based sources of protein were usually m ...
... When asked to give examples of protein sources most groups started with the obvious meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Beans, peas and lentils usually followed. Soy products were also mentioned without assisting in all groups. In vegetarian groups the plant-based sources of protein were usually m ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.