function Complex genomic rearrangements lead to novel primate gene
... that have arisen from intrachromosomal segmental duplications (Figs. 1B, 2A). Despite the fact that human Chromosome 2 appears to be relatively poor in segmental duplications (Bailey et al. 2002), the eight segments containing the RanBP2-related genes added up to 1.5 Mb of DNA interspersed in 26 Mb ...
... that have arisen from intrachromosomal segmental duplications (Figs. 1B, 2A). Despite the fact that human Chromosome 2 appears to be relatively poor in segmental duplications (Bailey et al. 2002), the eight segments containing the RanBP2-related genes added up to 1.5 Mb of DNA interspersed in 26 Mb ...
Bacterial Gene Regulation
... • Constitutive transcription – continuous expression usually for genes that perform routine tasks necessary for life • Regulated transcription – expression at particular times for genes that are differentially required under varied conditions • Regulated transcription includes control of both in ...
... • Constitutive transcription – continuous expression usually for genes that perform routine tasks necessary for life • Regulated transcription – expression at particular times for genes that are differentially required under varied conditions • Regulated transcription includes control of both in ...
Coarse-Grained Modeling of ProteinDynamics
... 2010; Best and Hummer 2008). Despite their simplicity, in many cases they correctly capture unfolding pathways, FEL and mechanical stability of proteins. For example, a complete description of mechanical unfolding pathways of single and multidomain Ubiquitin at the level of secondary structure was o ...
... 2010; Best and Hummer 2008). Despite their simplicity, in many cases they correctly capture unfolding pathways, FEL and mechanical stability of proteins. For example, a complete description of mechanical unfolding pathways of single and multidomain Ubiquitin at the level of secondary structure was o ...
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
... antiviral activities that include the production of potent biological molecules such as α-interferon that function, in part, to inhibit protein synthesis. Finally, a large proportion of antibiotics currently in use or under development inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria but not animal cells by ex ...
... antiviral activities that include the production of potent biological molecules such as α-interferon that function, in part, to inhibit protein synthesis. Finally, a large proportion of antibiotics currently in use or under development inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria but not animal cells by ex ...
Lesson 2 - The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
... sequence - the sequence with which we are searching Hit – a sequence found in the database, suspected as homologous ...
... sequence - the sequence with which we are searching Hit – a sequence found in the database, suspected as homologous ...
Lecture 10. Glycoproteomics
... glycopeptides using ETD. ETD CAD results in preferential fragmentation of the glycan moiety of glycopeptides glycopeptides. November 28, 2012 ...
... glycopeptides using ETD. ETD CAD results in preferential fragmentation of the glycan moiety of glycopeptides glycopeptides. November 28, 2012 ...
Protein Interactions Techniques and Challenges
... potential, hydrophobocity, residue interface propensity) can affect the interaction of two molecules. ...
... potential, hydrophobocity, residue interface propensity) can affect the interaction of two molecules. ...
FROM GENE TO PROTEIN - Scranton Prep Biology
... In prokaryotes, a transcription unit can contain several genes,so the resulting mRNA may code for different, but functionally related, proteins. Transcription occurs in three stages:a) polymerasebinding and initiation; b) elongation;and c) termination(seeCampbell,Figure 17.6). l. RNA polymerase bind ...
... In prokaryotes, a transcription unit can contain several genes,so the resulting mRNA may code for different, but functionally related, proteins. Transcription occurs in three stages:a) polymerasebinding and initiation; b) elongation;and c) termination(seeCampbell,Figure 17.6). l. RNA polymerase bind ...
Mouse Models of Stargardt 3 Dominant Macular Degeneration
... fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), a rare class of > C24 lipids. In vitro expression studies suggest that mutated ELOVL4STGD3 proteins fold improperly, resulting in ER stress and formation of cytosolic aggresomes of wild type and mutant ELOVL4. Although a number of mouse models have been developed to determin ...
... fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), a rare class of > C24 lipids. In vitro expression studies suggest that mutated ELOVL4STGD3 proteins fold improperly, resulting in ER stress and formation of cytosolic aggresomes of wild type and mutant ELOVL4. Although a number of mouse models have been developed to determin ...
Mitochondrial quality control by the ubiquitin
... Mitochondria perform multiple functions critical to the maintenance of cellular homoeostasis and their dysfunction leads to disease. Several lines of evidence suggest the presence of a MAD (mitochondriaassociated degradation) pathway that regulates mitochondrial protein quality control. Internal mit ...
... Mitochondria perform multiple functions critical to the maintenance of cellular homoeostasis and their dysfunction leads to disease. Several lines of evidence suggest the presence of a MAD (mitochondriaassociated degradation) pathway that regulates mitochondrial protein quality control. Internal mit ...
Discovering patterns to extract protein–protein interactions from full
... precision rate of 94% for yeast and Escherichia coli. However, manually writing patterns for every verb is not practical for general purpose applications. In GENIES, more complicated patterns with syntactic and semantic constraints are used (Friedman et al., 2001). GENIES even uses semantic informat ...
... precision rate of 94% for yeast and Escherichia coli. However, manually writing patterns for every verb is not practical for general purpose applications. In GENIES, more complicated patterns with syntactic and semantic constraints are used (Friedman et al., 2001). GENIES even uses semantic informat ...
Drosophila ventral furrow morphogenesis: a
... events are driven by cell shape changes; while germband extension is driven by cell intercalation. The first morphogenetic change is ventral furrow formation, which leads to the internalization of mesodermal precursors. This process begins stochastically by a flattening of the apical membranes of a ...
... events are driven by cell shape changes; while germband extension is driven by cell intercalation. The first morphogenetic change is ventral furrow formation, which leads to the internalization of mesodermal precursors. This process begins stochastically by a flattening of the apical membranes of a ...
Protein expression, purification, and molecular cloning
... Add 1 volume Binding Buffer (XP2). Incubate at 60°C for 7 minutes or until the gel has completely melted. Vortex or shake the tube every 2-3 minutes. Important: Monitor the pH of the Gel/Binding Buffer mixture after the gel has completely dissolved. DNA yields will significantly decrease when the pH ...
... Add 1 volume Binding Buffer (XP2). Incubate at 60°C for 7 minutes or until the gel has completely melted. Vortex or shake the tube every 2-3 minutes. Important: Monitor the pH of the Gel/Binding Buffer mixture after the gel has completely dissolved. DNA yields will significantly decrease when the pH ...
Title：利用甜菜根的Arabino-Oligosaccharides(AOS)在試管發酵，選擇
... betalains. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of long term feeding (28 days) with beetroot juice on phase I and phase II enzymes, DNA damage and liver injury induced by hepatocarcinogenic N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). Long term feeding with beetroot juice decreased the activities of enz ...
... betalains. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of long term feeding (28 days) with beetroot juice on phase I and phase II enzymes, DNA damage and liver injury induced by hepatocarcinogenic N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). Long term feeding with beetroot juice decreased the activities of enz ...
Screening Applications
... compounds in an initial screen. The interpretation of results in living cells is complicated by the large number of intertwined biochemical pathways and the ever-changing landscape of the growing cell. In vitro systems allow the dissection of effects in a static system for simpler interpretation of ...
... compounds in an initial screen. The interpretation of results in living cells is complicated by the large number of intertwined biochemical pathways and the ever-changing landscape of the growing cell. In vitro systems allow the dissection of effects in a static system for simpler interpretation of ...
3. Orm proteins
... •Without Orm mediated brake on SPT there is toxic accumulation of sphingolipids. •Normal intermidiate phosphorylation will give chance to a rapid responce. ...
... •Without Orm mediated brake on SPT there is toxic accumulation of sphingolipids. •Normal intermidiate phosphorylation will give chance to a rapid responce. ...
The About... - Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association
... begins with a biological starting material, human plasma, rather than a synthetic or chemical, which is the starting material for most pharmaceuticals. Each therapy has a unique biochemical profile as a result of differences in production and processing methods that lead to differing clinical respon ...
... begins with a biological starting material, human plasma, rather than a synthetic or chemical, which is the starting material for most pharmaceuticals. Each therapy has a unique biochemical profile as a result of differences in production and processing methods that lead to differing clinical respon ...
THE DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
... cc. of 20 per cent trichloracetic acid. Mix. Heat in a boiling water bath for from 0.5 to one minute. Let cool. Add 6 cc. of absolute methyl alcohol. Mix. Centrifuge. Decant supernatant fluid and drain for 5 minutes on a towel. Washing appears to be unnecessary. B. Oxidation. Add 2 cc. of the dilute ...
... cc. of 20 per cent trichloracetic acid. Mix. Heat in a boiling water bath for from 0.5 to one minute. Let cool. Add 6 cc. of absolute methyl alcohol. Mix. Centrifuge. Decant supernatant fluid and drain for 5 minutes on a towel. Washing appears to be unnecessary. B. Oxidation. Add 2 cc. of the dilute ...
Genetic Regulatory Network Identification Using
... is built by identifying the set of regulators for each gene. The regulators of a gene X are the genes that directly1 regulate the expression activity of X. Our method is essentially based on model invalidation, rather than model identification. Along with a validation of a regulator set, this method ...
... is built by identifying the set of regulators for each gene. The regulators of a gene X are the genes that directly1 regulate the expression activity of X. Our method is essentially based on model invalidation, rather than model identification. Along with a validation of a regulator set, this method ...
Size Exclusion Chromatography
... influences the elution volume of proteins. This is demonstrated in Figure 4, in which a mixture of various proteins was separated on a column packed with TOYOPEARL HW-55F. Salt concentrations can change the hydrodynamic radius of proteins and either increase or decrease their molecular size as a fun ...
... influences the elution volume of proteins. This is demonstrated in Figure 4, in which a mixture of various proteins was separated on a column packed with TOYOPEARL HW-55F. Salt concentrations can change the hydrodynamic radius of proteins and either increase or decrease their molecular size as a fun ...
Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) provides secondary gene annotation using the Gene Ontology (GO).
... such that specific terms are considered children of more broad terms. For instance, when describing localization, the cellular component term ‘nucleus’ may be considered more general than ‘chromosome’. If a gene product is annotated to the cellular component term ‘chromosome’, then it is also implic ...
... such that specific terms are considered children of more broad terms. For instance, when describing localization, the cellular component term ‘nucleus’ may be considered more general than ‘chromosome’. If a gene product is annotated to the cellular component term ‘chromosome’, then it is also implic ...
Week4-Blast/MSA
... • Multiple alignments exhibit structural and evolutionary information among closely related species i.e., families • A column of aligned residues in a conserved region is likely to occupy similar 3-D positions in protein structure • Patterns or motifs common to a set of sequences may only be appa ...
... • Multiple alignments exhibit structural and evolutionary information among closely related species i.e., families • A column of aligned residues in a conserved region is likely to occupy similar 3-D positions in protein structure • Patterns or motifs common to a set of sequences may only be appa ...
Conservation of surface epitopes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer
... and the negative control [19] antibody MA1-3. Labelling of strain H103 was consistently weaker and several antibodies failed to label strain H103. This appeared to be due in part to masking of OprF by LPS side chains since strain H692, an LPS-altered, rough derivative of strain H103 was better label ...
... and the negative control [19] antibody MA1-3. Labelling of strain H103 was consistently weaker and several antibodies failed to label strain H103. This appeared to be due in part to masking of OprF by LPS side chains since strain H692, an LPS-altered, rough derivative of strain H103 was better label ...
NUCLEAR PROTEINS II. Similarity of Nonhistone Proteins in
... distribution of nonhistone proteins (NHP) in the saline-EDTA, Tris, and 0.35 M NaCI washes of isolated mouse liver nuclei. These studies led to the following conclusions: (a) all the prominent NHP which remain bound to D N A are also present in somewhat similar proportions in the saline-EDTA, Tris, ...
... distribution of nonhistone proteins (NHP) in the saline-EDTA, Tris, and 0.35 M NaCI washes of isolated mouse liver nuclei. These studies led to the following conclusions: (a) all the prominent NHP which remain bound to D N A are also present in somewhat similar proportions in the saline-EDTA, Tris, ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.