Lectures 1 and 2
... Proteins can bind at the ends of N-linked and O-linked chains, and typically have binding pockets ...
... Proteins can bind at the ends of N-linked and O-linked chains, and typically have binding pockets ...
Pex5p stabilizes Pex14p: a study using a newly isolated pex5 CHO
... Peroxisomes are ubiquitous intracellular organelles found in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. Peroxisomes function in a wide variety of metabolic pathways, including β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids and biosynthesis of plasmalogentype ether-glycerolipids [1]. The functional signific ...
... Peroxisomes are ubiquitous intracellular organelles found in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. Peroxisomes function in a wide variety of metabolic pathways, including β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids and biosynthesis of plasmalogentype ether-glycerolipids [1]. The functional signific ...
Proteomic Approach to Identify Novel
... NAD⫹, transfers electrons to molecular O2, and generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and they are the site of ADP phosphorylation by the ATP synthase complex. Furthermore, mitochondria are involved in several anabolic reactions: Mitochondria can synthesize amino acids, ...
... NAD⫹, transfers electrons to molecular O2, and generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and they are the site of ADP phosphorylation by the ATP synthase complex. Furthermore, mitochondria are involved in several anabolic reactions: Mitochondria can synthesize amino acids, ...
Ezrin: a protein requiring conformational activation to link
... suggesting that cell surface structures are enriched in oligomeric forms of ezrin. We therefore proposed a working model in which most of the ezrin in a resting cell exists in a dormant state with masked C-ERMAD and F-actin binding sites, and possibly also with a masked membrane association site. Ac ...
... suggesting that cell surface structures are enriched in oligomeric forms of ezrin. We therefore proposed a working model in which most of the ezrin in a resting cell exists in a dormant state with masked C-ERMAD and F-actin binding sites, and possibly also with a masked membrane association site. Ac ...
figure 1 - Proceedings of the Royal Society B
... Nitrogen (N) is a fundamental component of nucleotides and amino acids and is often a limiting nutrient in natural ecosystems. Thus, study of the N content of biomolecules may establish important connections between ecology and genomics. However, while significant differences in the elemental compos ...
... Nitrogen (N) is a fundamental component of nucleotides and amino acids and is often a limiting nutrient in natural ecosystems. Thus, study of the N content of biomolecules may establish important connections between ecology and genomics. However, while significant differences in the elemental compos ...
Signatures of nitrogen limitation in the elemental composition of the
... Nitrogen (N) is a fundamental component of nucleotides and amino acids and is often a limiting nutrient in natural ecosystems. Thus, study of the N content of biomolecules may establish important connections between ecology and genomics. However, while significant differences in the elemental compos ...
... Nitrogen (N) is a fundamental component of nucleotides and amino acids and is often a limiting nutrient in natural ecosystems. Thus, study of the N content of biomolecules may establish important connections between ecology and genomics. However, while significant differences in the elemental compos ...
Sec2 Protein Contains a Coiled-Coil Domain Essential for Vesicular
... Since all vesicular transport events appear to share the same basic mechanism, some of these components may be required for all vesicular transport events. Such a general role has been suggested for the product of the SEC18 gene (Wilson et al., 1989). In addition to components that act generally, th ...
... Since all vesicular transport events appear to share the same basic mechanism, some of these components may be required for all vesicular transport events. Such a general role has been suggested for the product of the SEC18 gene (Wilson et al., 1989). In addition to components that act generally, th ...
Identification, Purification, and Molecular Cloning of
... (Hosang et al., 1981), and N-(azidosalicyl)-6-amido-6-deoxyglucopyranose (ASA-Glc; Shanahan et al., 1985) are potent inhibitors of GLUT1 and have been used as affinity probes for the purification of GLUT1 (Baldwin and Lienhard, 1989). In general, these inhibitors had only a small effect on Glc uptak ...
... (Hosang et al., 1981), and N-(azidosalicyl)-6-amido-6-deoxyglucopyranose (ASA-Glc; Shanahan et al., 1985) are potent inhibitors of GLUT1 and have been used as affinity probes for the purification of GLUT1 (Baldwin and Lienhard, 1989). In general, these inhibitors had only a small effect on Glc uptak ...
The Kip3-Like Kinesin KipB Moves along Microtubules and
... KpnI-AscI sites of the pPR38 plasmid, replacing the sequence for GFP. This resulted in an N-terminal mRFP1 fusion of 1.2 kb (starting from ATG) of KipB under the control of the alcA promoter. Fluorescence microscopy and live cell image acquisition and analysis. Cells were grown in glass-bottomed dis ...
... KpnI-AscI sites of the pPR38 plasmid, replacing the sequence for GFP. This resulted in an N-terminal mRFP1 fusion of 1.2 kb (starting from ATG) of KipB under the control of the alcA promoter. Fluorescence microscopy and live cell image acquisition and analysis. Cells were grown in glass-bottomed dis ...
The Glial Cell–Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling Pathway
... that express both receptor subunits (Anders et al., 2001). This suggested that Ca2 stabilizes the structure of the c-ret extracellular domain. The presence of Ca2 is also essential for surface expression of c-ret, suggesting that Ca2 is essential for stabilization of c-ret inside the endoplasmic ...
... that express both receptor subunits (Anders et al., 2001). This suggested that Ca2 stabilizes the structure of the c-ret extracellular domain. The presence of Ca2 is also essential for surface expression of c-ret, suggesting that Ca2 is essential for stabilization of c-ret inside the endoplasmic ...
Perturbation of - Circulation Research
... achieved in a nonselective manner using pharmacological agents. An animal model of cardiomyocyte-restricted UPS functional impairment is currently lacking but would remarkably benefit the elucidation of pathophysiological significance of cardiac UPS dysfunction in cardiac pathogenesis. Ubiquitinatio ...
... achieved in a nonselective manner using pharmacological agents. An animal model of cardiomyocyte-restricted UPS functional impairment is currently lacking but would remarkably benefit the elucidation of pathophysiological significance of cardiac UPS dysfunction in cardiac pathogenesis. Ubiquitinatio ...
The enemy within: ricin and plant cells
... clathrin coated vesicles and by non-clathrin coated vesicles that form in a dynamin-independent process (Simpson et al., 1998). Both the clathrin-dependent and the clathrinindependent uptake routes converge in endosomes. However, for productive toxicity it is known that ricin must proceed beyond end ...
... clathrin coated vesicles and by non-clathrin coated vesicles that form in a dynamin-independent process (Simpson et al., 1998). Both the clathrin-dependent and the clathrinindependent uptake routes converge in endosomes. However, for productive toxicity it is known that ricin must proceed beyond end ...
Increased Leaf Angle1, a Raf-Like MAPKKK That
... leaf angle of ila1 arises from a T-DNA insertion in Os06g50920. To confirm the sequence identity of ILA1, a complementation test was performed by transforming the ila1 mutant with an 8.8-kb genomic region that included the complete open reading frame (ORF) and putative promoter region for ILA1 (pILA ...
... leaf angle of ila1 arises from a T-DNA insertion in Os06g50920. To confirm the sequence identity of ILA1, a complementation test was performed by transforming the ila1 mutant with an 8.8-kb genomic region that included the complete open reading frame (ORF) and putative promoter region for ILA1 (pILA ...
Kinetics of MPF and histone H1 kinase activity differ during the G2
... However. almost no MPF activity remains after block of protein synthesis for 4.5 h. Removal of the block leads to acquisition of high MPF activity within 1 h. These findings are in contrast to those of an earlier report (Hashimoto and Kishimoto, 1988) in which MPF activity was detected in mouse oocy ...
... However. almost no MPF activity remains after block of protein synthesis for 4.5 h. Removal of the block leads to acquisition of high MPF activity within 1 h. These findings are in contrast to those of an earlier report (Hashimoto and Kishimoto, 1988) in which MPF activity was detected in mouse oocy ...
Possible Mechanism of Hepatocyte Injury Induced by
... was caused by mefenamic acid and diclofenac (data not shown). Protection by Fructose and Oligomycin against Hepatocyte Injury. Incubation of hepatocytes with mefenamic acid, diclofenac, and diphenylamine diminished cellular ATP contents, followed by LDH leakage. Fructose, a low Km substrate for glyc ...
... was caused by mefenamic acid and diclofenac (data not shown). Protection by Fructose and Oligomycin against Hepatocyte Injury. Incubation of hepatocytes with mefenamic acid, diclofenac, and diphenylamine diminished cellular ATP contents, followed by LDH leakage. Fructose, a low Km substrate for glyc ...
Heterotrimeric G proteins in C. elegans
... Heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are able to transduce signals from membrane receptors to a wide variety of intracellular effectors. In this role, G proteins effectively function as dimers since the signal is communicated either by the Gα subunit or the stable Gβγ complex ...
... Heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are able to transduce signals from membrane receptors to a wide variety of intracellular effectors. In this role, G proteins effectively function as dimers since the signal is communicated either by the Gα subunit or the stable Gβγ complex ...
Cellular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and skeletal
... mechanical tension is due, in part, to an increased rate of protein synthesis. Currently, the mechanisms proposed in regulation of resistance exercise/contraction-induced compensatory growth include, but are not limited to, the involvement of local growth factors and the signaling events induced by ...
... mechanical tension is due, in part, to an increased rate of protein synthesis. Currently, the mechanisms proposed in regulation of resistance exercise/contraction-induced compensatory growth include, but are not limited to, the involvement of local growth factors and the signaling events induced by ...
AA-tRNA - Studentportalen
... Four kinases acting on eIF2 They phosphorylate eIF2 on Ser51: •HRI kinase (Heme Regulated Inhibitor) that phosphorylates IF2 in reticulocites. •PKR is activated by interferon and also in the presence of double stranded RNA. ...
... Four kinases acting on eIF2 They phosphorylate eIF2 on Ser51: •HRI kinase (Heme Regulated Inhibitor) that phosphorylates IF2 in reticulocites. •PKR is activated by interferon and also in the presence of double stranded RNA. ...
Redox regulation of cysteine
... In addition, TRx have been shown to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Glutaredoxins (GRx) are also small proteins of 10 to 16 kDa in size that have 2 classes: the dithiol GRx, which contain CxxC, and the more recently discovered monothiol, which lack the C-terminal cysteine (Lillig et al., 2008). The GRx ...
... In addition, TRx have been shown to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Glutaredoxins (GRx) are also small proteins of 10 to 16 kDa in size that have 2 classes: the dithiol GRx, which contain CxxC, and the more recently discovered monothiol, which lack the C-terminal cysteine (Lillig et al., 2008). The GRx ...
magnetosome formation in prokaryotes
... of the {111} form. The habits of the non-equidimensional crystals that are found in some magnetotactic strains can be described as combinations of {100}, {111} and {110} forms39. In these cases, as shown in the figure, the six, eight and 12 symmetry-related faces of the respective forms that constit ...
... of the {111} form. The habits of the non-equidimensional crystals that are found in some magnetotactic strains can be described as combinations of {100}, {111} and {110} forms39. In these cases, as shown in the figure, the six, eight and 12 symmetry-related faces of the respective forms that constit ...
Molecular Microbiology
... HopZ T3SE family in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is used as a model to investigate the molecular basis underlying sequence diversification-enabled effector evolution. HopZ homologues belong to the YopJ family of T3Ses, which have been identified from both plant and animal pathogens (Arnol ...
... HopZ T3SE family in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is used as a model to investigate the molecular basis underlying sequence diversification-enabled effector evolution. HopZ homologues belong to the YopJ family of T3Ses, which have been identified from both plant and animal pathogens (Arnol ...
DNA REPLICATION CHECKPOINT CONTROL 7. Acknowledgments
... Chk1 was first described to bind and phosphorylate Cdc25 in both fission yeast and human cells, following DNA damage (36, 45, 46). Recently, Cds1 has also been shown to phosphorylate Cdc25 on the same sites as Chk1 (33, 34, 47). This phosphorylation regulates the activity of Cdc25 in at least two wa ...
... Chk1 was first described to bind and phosphorylate Cdc25 in both fission yeast and human cells, following DNA damage (36, 45, 46). Recently, Cds1 has also been shown to phosphorylate Cdc25 on the same sites as Chk1 (33, 34, 47). This phosphorylation regulates the activity of Cdc25 in at least two wa ...
Import of ADP/ATP Carrier into Mitochondria: Two Receptors Act in
... Figure 2. MOM72 is responsible for specific binding of the ADP/ATP carrier to yeast mitocbondria. (.4 and B) Antibodies against yeast MOM72 inhibit specific binding of AAC. Isolated yeast mitochondria (10 #g of protein) were pre-incubated with IgGs prepared from preimmune serum or from antisera dire ...
... Figure 2. MOM72 is responsible for specific binding of the ADP/ATP carrier to yeast mitocbondria. (.4 and B) Antibodies against yeast MOM72 inhibit specific binding of AAC. Isolated yeast mitochondria (10 #g of protein) were pre-incubated with IgGs prepared from preimmune serum or from antisera dire ...
Substrate specificity and inhibitors of LRRK2, a protein kinase
... captured on a streptavidin-coated membrane. The relative preference for each amino acid at each position was determined by quantifying 32 P-radioactivity incorporation following phosphoimaging (Figure 2A). The quantitative results of the LRRK2[G2019S] screen were also input as a matrix into the enoL ...
... captured on a streptavidin-coated membrane. The relative preference for each amino acid at each position was determined by quantifying 32 P-radioactivity incorporation following phosphoimaging (Figure 2A). The quantitative results of the LRRK2[G2019S] screen were also input as a matrix into the enoL ...
Identification and cDNA cloning of a Xenopus nucleolar
... CK II phosphorylation and TPXKK motifs in basic domains at the amino terminus are probable targets for cdc2 kinase phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of nucleolin by cdc2 kinase in mitosis suggests a role for nucleolin in nucleolar structure (Peter et al., 1990). The rat nucleolar protein Nopp140 also ...
... CK II phosphorylation and TPXKK motifs in basic domains at the amino terminus are probable targets for cdc2 kinase phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of nucleolin by cdc2 kinase in mitosis suggests a role for nucleolin in nucleolar structure (Peter et al., 1990). The rat nucleolar protein Nopp140 also ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.