Diacylglycerol kinases - University of Toronto Mississauga
... domain in DGKy has been shown to bind weakly and nonselectively to phosphatidylinositols [33]. Type II DGKs also have sterile alpha motifs (SAM domain) at their carboxy termini. Nagaya et al. [21] demonstrated that the SAM domain of DGKy helped localize it to the endoplasmic reticulum, and this doma ...
... domain in DGKy has been shown to bind weakly and nonselectively to phosphatidylinositols [33]. Type II DGKs also have sterile alpha motifs (SAM domain) at their carboxy termini. Nagaya et al. [21] demonstrated that the SAM domain of DGKy helped localize it to the endoplasmic reticulum, and this doma ...
The polar flagellum mediates Azuspidlum brasifense
... capacity (Madi & Henis, 1989). This protein was not further characterized however, and was not shown directly to bind to wheat roots. In a previous study, we have shown that attachment of A . b r i d e m e to wheat roots proceeds in two steps (Michiels P I al., 1991). First, bacteria adsorb rapidly ...
... capacity (Madi & Henis, 1989). This protein was not further characterized however, and was not shown directly to bind to wheat roots. In a previous study, we have shown that attachment of A . b r i d e m e to wheat roots proceeds in two steps (Michiels P I al., 1991). First, bacteria adsorb rapidly ...
The caspase-cleaved DAP5 protein supports internal ribosome entry
... the translation of a reporter gene in dying cells, whereas the cap-dependent translation mode is abrogated severely. These IRESs are referred to in this work as ‘‘death IRESs,’’ because they maintain their translation rate in the dying cell. What molecular mechanisms underlie the switch from capdepe ...
... the translation of a reporter gene in dying cells, whereas the cap-dependent translation mode is abrogated severely. These IRESs are referred to in this work as ‘‘death IRESs,’’ because they maintain their translation rate in the dying cell. What molecular mechanisms underlie the switch from capdepe ...
Charge asymmetry in the proteins of the outer membrane
... Previous studies on the folding of OMBBs have used symmetric lipid vesicles or computational models that make the outer membrane a symmetric lipid bilayer. Reconstitution of mutated outer membrane phospholipase in lipid bilayer vesicles demonstrated that substitution of leucine for native residues i ...
... Previous studies on the folding of OMBBs have used symmetric lipid vesicles or computational models that make the outer membrane a symmetric lipid bilayer. Reconstitution of mutated outer membrane phospholipase in lipid bilayer vesicles demonstrated that substitution of leucine for native residues i ...
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes: beyond translation
... simultaneously, and only a subset of ARSs are involved. Although there is still some ambiguity about the stoichiometry and total number of components, at least nine different ARSs, including both class I and class II enzymes, have been consistently found in the mammalian complex: EPRS, IRS, LRS, MRS ...
... simultaneously, and only a subset of ARSs are involved. Although there is still some ambiguity about the stoichiometry and total number of components, at least nine different ARSs, including both class I and class II enzymes, have been consistently found in the mammalian complex: EPRS, IRS, LRS, MRS ...
Chapter ONE - VU Research Portal
... Preparing for Cell Division Once the G1/S restriction point is passed cells enter S phase, the phase of DNA synthesis. Here, DNA replication starts at certain genomic sites known as origins of replication, which are predefined by the proteins of the origin recognition complex (ORC). A network consis ...
... Preparing for Cell Division Once the G1/S restriction point is passed cells enter S phase, the phase of DNA synthesis. Here, DNA replication starts at certain genomic sites known as origins of replication, which are predefined by the proteins of the origin recognition complex (ORC). A network consis ...
Isolation and Expression Pattern of Human Unc-33
... other neural cells (Fishman et al., 1990, 1991; Greenlee et al., 1993). The cultures were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and analyzed. They were first immunostained using the Rip monoclonal antibody and microphotographed using a 40⫻ objective (Z eiss). Processes were quantified on the photographs ...
... other neural cells (Fishman et al., 1990, 1991; Greenlee et al., 1993). The cultures were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and analyzed. They were first immunostained using the Rip monoclonal antibody and microphotographed using a 40⫻ objective (Z eiss). Processes were quantified on the photographs ...
F-actin Sequesters Elongation Factor from Interaction with
... cytoskeleton has been well documented (for review see St Johnston, 1995), and there is correlation between this association and protein synthesis (see Nielsen et al., 1983; Singer, 1993). In addition, ribosomes and initiation factor 2 (elF-2) have been shown to associate with the cytoskele- ...
... cytoskeleton has been well documented (for review see St Johnston, 1995), and there is correlation between this association and protein synthesis (see Nielsen et al., 1983; Singer, 1993). In addition, ribosomes and initiation factor 2 (elF-2) have been shown to associate with the cytoskele- ...
Fig. 1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Tim23 pore. A surprising and still unresolved observation is that a loss of Tim50 leads to robust import defects for matrix proteins, but has a much lesser effect on precursors sorted into the inner membrane (Geissler et al., 2002). To assess the function of Tim50 in protein transport, we isolated m ...
... Tim23 pore. A surprising and still unresolved observation is that a loss of Tim50 leads to robust import defects for matrix proteins, but has a much lesser effect on precursors sorted into the inner membrane (Geissler et al., 2002). To assess the function of Tim50 in protein transport, we isolated m ...
Protein transfer of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Vir proteins to
... on the presence of a secretion channel, the type IV secretion system (T4SS), spanning the bacterial envelope. This pore or pilus structure is made up of eleven different VirB proteins and the coupling protein VirD4, which is thought to recruit effector proteins for translocation (Baron et al, 2002; ...
... on the presence of a secretion channel, the type IV secretion system (T4SS), spanning the bacterial envelope. This pore or pilus structure is made up of eleven different VirB proteins and the coupling protein VirD4, which is thought to recruit effector proteins for translocation (Baron et al, 2002; ...
Viral Strategies in Modulation of NF
... CD40 ligand) to its receptor on the cell surface and transduction of a signal generated in that way results in the activation of the IκB kinases (IKKs). The IKK complex consists of 3 components: IKKα, IKKβ70 and the regulatory subunit IKKγ68. These kinases phosphorylate specific serine residues at t ...
... CD40 ligand) to its receptor on the cell surface and transduction of a signal generated in that way results in the activation of the IκB kinases (IKKs). The IKK complex consists of 3 components: IKKα, IKKβ70 and the regulatory subunit IKKγ68. These kinases phosphorylate specific serine residues at t ...
CELLULAR ADAPTATION TO AMINO ACID AVAILABILITY:
... to growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). The biological activities of the IGFs are modulated by the IGFbinding proteins (IGFBPs) that specifically bind IGF-I and IGFII (Lee et al., 1993; Straus, 1994). Straus et al. (1993) demonstrated that a dramatic overexpression of IGFBP-1 ...
... to growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). The biological activities of the IGFs are modulated by the IGFbinding proteins (IGFBPs) that specifically bind IGF-I and IGFII (Lee et al., 1993; Straus, 1994). Straus et al. (1993) demonstrated that a dramatic overexpression of IGFBP-1 ...
Clockwork green—the circadian oscillator in
... Although the ZTL mRNA remains constant across the day, the ZTL protein oscillates with a dusk peak and a dawn trough (Kim et al. 2003). This can be attributed to a faster breakdown around dawn and a higher stability around dusk. How does rhythmic ZTL protein impact on the period of the oscillator? C ...
... Although the ZTL mRNA remains constant across the day, the ZTL protein oscillates with a dusk peak and a dawn trough (Kim et al. 2003). This can be attributed to a faster breakdown around dawn and a higher stability around dusk. How does rhythmic ZTL protein impact on the period of the oscillator? C ...
Expression and immunogenicity of the entire human T cell
... mixing. Cell lysates were prepared as previously described (Dekaban et al., 1984). The resultant cell lysate was precleared for 2 h at 4 °C by incubating with Protein G Plus/A agarose (Oncogene Science), which had been preincubated for 2 h at 4 °C with preimmune mouse serum. The Protein G Plus/A aga ...
... mixing. Cell lysates were prepared as previously described (Dekaban et al., 1984). The resultant cell lysate was precleared for 2 h at 4 °C by incubating with Protein G Plus/A agarose (Oncogene Science), which had been preincubated for 2 h at 4 °C with preimmune mouse serum. The Protein G Plus/A aga ...
Chapter 10
... pathways are used in yeast. The first step in the cotranslational pathway is the association of the ribosome-mRNA complex with the ER. Ribosomes are targeted for binding to the ER membrane by the amino-acid sequence of the polypeptide chain being synthesized, rather than by intrinsic properties of t ...
... pathways are used in yeast. The first step in the cotranslational pathway is the association of the ribosome-mRNA complex with the ER. Ribosomes are targeted for binding to the ER membrane by the amino-acid sequence of the polypeptide chain being synthesized, rather than by intrinsic properties of t ...
Extreme sweetness: protein glycosylation in archaea
... of the different glycans that can be N‑linked to the same protein) that is not paralleled in the other two domains. Indeed, when one considers the limited number of archaeal species for which the N‑linked glycans have been elucidated, it is likely that the diversity reported thus far reflects only t ...
... of the different glycans that can be N‑linked to the same protein) that is not paralleled in the other two domains. Indeed, when one considers the limited number of archaeal species for which the N‑linked glycans have been elucidated, it is likely that the diversity reported thus far reflects only t ...
Molecular and General Genetics
... ble 2) and of PhoE protein as appeared from the analysis of cell envelope protein patterns on gels (Fig. 1, lane e) and from sensitivity to phage TC45. Introduction of the plasmid into the phoR ÷ strain BW256 neither resulted in the constitutive synthesis of alkaline phosphatase (Table 2) nor of Pho ...
... ble 2) and of PhoE protein as appeared from the analysis of cell envelope protein patterns on gels (Fig. 1, lane e) and from sensitivity to phage TC45. Introduction of the plasmid into the phoR ÷ strain BW256 neither resulted in the constitutive synthesis of alkaline phosphatase (Table 2) nor of Pho ...
Evolving Concepts in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Endocytosis: The
... G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs ) constitute a superfamily of seven transmembrane spanning proteins that respond to a diverse array of sensory and chemical stimuli, such as light, odor, taste, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters. GPCRs transduce the information provided by these stimuli i ...
... G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs ) constitute a superfamily of seven transmembrane spanning proteins that respond to a diverse array of sensory and chemical stimuli, such as light, odor, taste, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters. GPCRs transduce the information provided by these stimuli i ...
Prions: Infectious Proteins with Genetic Properties
... the normal PrPC into pathogenic PrPSc; this conversion being mediated by proteinprotein interactions. In the framework of this concept, hereditary forms of the prion diseases may be explained by the increased ability of mutant proteins to convert into the pathogenic form. Two models have been sugge ...
... the normal PrPC into pathogenic PrPSc; this conversion being mediated by proteinprotein interactions. In the framework of this concept, hereditary forms of the prion diseases may be explained by the increased ability of mutant proteins to convert into the pathogenic form. Two models have been sugge ...
scf and cullin/ring h2-based
... of proteins and to switch cellular regulatory circuits from one state to another by abrupt elimination of control proteins. In eukaryotes, the bulk of the protein degradation that occurs in the cytoplasm and nucleus is carried out by the 26S proteasome. In turn, most proteins are thought to be targe ...
... of proteins and to switch cellular regulatory circuits from one state to another by abrupt elimination of control proteins. In eukaryotes, the bulk of the protein degradation that occurs in the cytoplasm and nucleus is carried out by the 26S proteasome. In turn, most proteins are thought to be targe ...
Phagosome maturation in unicellular eukaryote Paramecium: the
... culminates in the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes leading to formation of the phagolysosomes (Desjardins et al. 1994). Paramecium uses phagocytosis as a principal pathway to ingest bacteria and other food particles. Digestion process starts up upon fusion of phagosomes (i.e. digestive vacuoles a ...
... culminates in the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes leading to formation of the phagolysosomes (Desjardins et al. 1994). Paramecium uses phagocytosis as a principal pathway to ingest bacteria and other food particles. Digestion process starts up upon fusion of phagosomes (i.e. digestive vacuoles a ...
Systematic Structure-Function Analysis of the Small GTPase Arf1 in Yeast.
... Harter, 1999). For Arf proteins, the coupling of protein binding to membrane association is thought to occur via extrusion of the unique myristoylated N terminus upon GTP binding (Antonny et al., 1997). In this study we aimed to determine the regions of the yeast protein Arf1 that are important for ...
... Harter, 1999). For Arf proteins, the coupling of protein binding to membrane association is thought to occur via extrusion of the unique myristoylated N terminus upon GTP binding (Antonny et al., 1997). In this study we aimed to determine the regions of the yeast protein Arf1 that are important for ...
western blotting - New England Biolabs GmbH
... Be in Control of Your Western Blot An important consideration in any experiment is the inclusion of appropriate controls. Positive and negative controls ensure confidence that your antibody is detecting a specific signal. In the figure below, Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204) antibodies ...
... Be in Control of Your Western Blot An important consideration in any experiment is the inclusion of appropriate controls. Positive and negative controls ensure confidence that your antibody is detecting a specific signal. In the figure below, Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204) antibodies ...
Functions of the cytoplasmic domain of the βPS
... (4) Four highly conserved amino acid residues found in the N-terminal portion of the cytoplasmic tail are important but not critical for the developmental functions of βPS; furthermore, the efficiencies with which these mutant proteins function during different morphogenetic processes vary greatly, ...
... (4) Four highly conserved amino acid residues found in the N-terminal portion of the cytoplasmic tail are important but not critical for the developmental functions of βPS; furthermore, the efficiencies with which these mutant proteins function during different morphogenetic processes vary greatly, ...
Microsoft Word (manuscript)
... complex and described it in detail, showing that for association of DPM1 with DPM2 24 Cterminal amino acids of DPM1and Phe 21 and Tyr 23 from DPM2 were important. Furthermore, DPM3 alone was able to stabilize DPM1 and DPM synthase had an enzymatic activity without the DPM2 subunit, however, the act ...
... complex and described it in detail, showing that for association of DPM1 with DPM2 24 Cterminal amino acids of DPM1and Phe 21 and Tyr 23 from DPM2 were important. Furthermore, DPM3 alone was able to stabilize DPM1 and DPM synthase had an enzymatic activity without the DPM2 subunit, however, the act ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.