REVIEW - The Journal of Cell Biology
... A. OUTER MEMBRANE" The purified outer membrane, which accounts for ~ 4 % of the total mitochondrial proteins, contains ~ 5 0 % (wt/wt) lipids and 50% (wt/wt) proteins (cf. references 35 and 40). A number of enzymatic activities are associated with the outer membranes (cf. references 35 and 40). One ...
... A. OUTER MEMBRANE" The purified outer membrane, which accounts for ~ 4 % of the total mitochondrial proteins, contains ~ 5 0 % (wt/wt) lipids and 50% (wt/wt) proteins (cf. references 35 and 40). A number of enzymatic activities are associated with the outer membranes (cf. references 35 and 40). One ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown that replacement of the serine residue at position 4 o ...
... 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown that replacement of the serine residue at position 4 o ...
MEMBRANE PROTEINS SYNTHESIZED BY
... (4), and 6 is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (21). Membranes from rabbit reticulocytes contain all of the species found in the erythrocyte membranes, although one protein (labeled 4.8) is present in the reticulocyte membrane but undetectable in membrane preparations from erythrocytes. Prot ...
... (4), and 6 is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (21). Membranes from rabbit reticulocytes contain all of the species found in the erythrocyte membranes, although one protein (labeled 4.8) is present in the reticulocyte membrane but undetectable in membrane preparations from erythrocytes. Prot ...
A. Work Accomplished by You and/or Others Cellular biology of
... regulating a modulator of Hsp90 complex function which in turn has a profound effect on Hsp90-dependent signal transduction activities in vivo. The experiments in specific aim 1 are directed toward identifying this protein, characterizing its regulation by Sch9, and elucidating its roles in Hsp90 fu ...
... regulating a modulator of Hsp90 complex function which in turn has a profound effect on Hsp90-dependent signal transduction activities in vivo. The experiments in specific aim 1 are directed toward identifying this protein, characterizing its regulation by Sch9, and elucidating its roles in Hsp90 fu ...
Alfred G. Gilman - Nobel Lecture
... An interesting side activity at this time was study of the ADP-ribosylation of Gs by cholera toxin. That this occurred was very strongly implied by the work of Gill {30}, Vaughan {31}, and Bourne (32) and was proven with purification of the protein. However, as purification proceeded, the capacity o ...
... An interesting side activity at this time was study of the ADP-ribosylation of Gs by cholera toxin. That this occurred was very strongly implied by the work of Gill {30}, Vaughan {31}, and Bourne (32) and was proven with purification of the protein. However, as purification proceeded, the capacity o ...
Elicitors, Effectors, and R Genes: The New Paradigm and a Lifetime
... is activated. There is a more basic question to ask: Has MAMP perception ever been shown to significantly improve plant disease resistance? The plant pathology literature carries numerous examples where purified pathogenderived compounds caused elevated plant disease resistance. Defense pathways have ...
... is activated. There is a more basic question to ask: Has MAMP perception ever been shown to significantly improve plant disease resistance? The plant pathology literature carries numerous examples where purified pathogenderived compounds caused elevated plant disease resistance. Defense pathways have ...
Lac Operon - Iowa State University
... a) it activates a repressor protein b) it activates an activator protein c) it inactivates a repressor protein d) it inactivates an activator protein 9. 14. A mutant E. coli strain, grown under conditions that normally induce the lac operon, produces high amounts of ß-galactosidase. What is a possib ...
... a) it activates a repressor protein b) it activates an activator protein c) it inactivates a repressor protein d) it inactivates an activator protein 9. 14. A mutant E. coli strain, grown under conditions that normally induce the lac operon, produces high amounts of ß-galactosidase. What is a possib ...
Emergence of robust growth laws from optimal regulation of
... Department of Physics and Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ...
... Department of Physics and Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ...
Connection of the Mitochondrial Outer and Inner Membranes by
... branes. In this case, the COOH terminus would be located in the matrix space, as was first suggested by Hales and Fuller (1997). (b) Alternatively, the hydrophobic region could span the mitochondrial outer membrane twice, and the COOH-terminal domain would thus face the cytosol. (c) If there is only ...
... branes. In this case, the COOH terminus would be located in the matrix space, as was first suggested by Hales and Fuller (1997). (b) Alternatively, the hydrophobic region could span the mitochondrial outer membrane twice, and the COOH-terminal domain would thus face the cytosol. (c) If there is only ...
PKC in limb development
... PKC Biochemical binding data demonstrate that RACK1 binds and stabilizes activated PKC (Ron et al., 1994; Rotenberg and Sun, 1998). RACK1 has particularly high affinity for PKCα and PKCβ; therefore, we examined by immunohistochemistry whether the activated form of PKC was also expressed in RACK1-pos ...
... PKC Biochemical binding data demonstrate that RACK1 binds and stabilizes activated PKC (Ron et al., 1994; Rotenberg and Sun, 1998). RACK1 has particularly high affinity for PKCα and PKCβ; therefore, we examined by immunohistochemistry whether the activated form of PKC was also expressed in RACK1-pos ...
Gene Section AURKB (aurora kinase B) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Regarding mitotic chromosome condensation, Aurora B directly phosphorylates histone H3, not only at S10 but also at S28. The level of S28 phosphorylation is rendered undetectable by PP1 just prior to entry into mitosis (Goto et al., 2002). Aurora B binds three other chromosome passenger proteins - i ...
... Regarding mitotic chromosome condensation, Aurora B directly phosphorylates histone H3, not only at S10 but also at S28. The level of S28 phosphorylation is rendered undetectable by PP1 just prior to entry into mitosis (Goto et al., 2002). Aurora B binds three other chromosome passenger proteins - i ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown that replacement of the serine residue at position 4 o ...
... 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown that replacement of the serine residue at position 4 o ...
The paradox of elongation factor 4: highly conserved, yet of no
... The ribosome is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein machine present in all living cells which uses aa-tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA) substrates to translate genomic information encoded in an mRNA [1–5]. Translation can be roughly divided into four stages: initiation, elongation, termination of protein ...
... The ribosome is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein machine present in all living cells which uses aa-tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA) substrates to translate genomic information encoded in an mRNA [1–5]. Translation can be roughly divided into four stages: initiation, elongation, termination of protein ...
Ribosomal proteins L5 and L15 Ivailo Simoff in vivo
... proteins show high sequence homology across the species borders. Furthermore, both L5 and L15 are connected to various human diseases which makes it important to elucidate their role in ribosome biogenesis and ribosome function. By applying random- and site-directed mutagenesis, coupled with functio ...
... proteins show high sequence homology across the species borders. Furthermore, both L5 and L15 are connected to various human diseases which makes it important to elucidate their role in ribosome biogenesis and ribosome function. By applying random- and site-directed mutagenesis, coupled with functio ...
View Full PDF - Biochemical Society Transactions
... amino acids and although they are often found in an Nterminal propeptide region downstream of the signal peptide for translocation across the ER membrane, C-terminal and even internal domains have been shown to mediate vacuolar sorting. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an N-terminal QRPL motif ...
... amino acids and although they are often found in an Nterminal propeptide region downstream of the signal peptide for translocation across the ER membrane, C-terminal and even internal domains have been shown to mediate vacuolar sorting. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an N-terminal QRPL motif ...
Lysosomal and vacuolar sorting: not so different
... amino acids and although they are often found in an Nterminal propeptide region downstream of the signal peptide for translocation across the ER membrane, C-terminal and even internal domains have been shown to mediate vacuolar sorting. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an N-terminal QRPL motif ...
... amino acids and although they are often found in an Nterminal propeptide region downstream of the signal peptide for translocation across the ER membrane, C-terminal and even internal domains have been shown to mediate vacuolar sorting. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an N-terminal QRPL motif ...
Control de la estabilidad de ciclinas de G1 por nutrientes Sara
... cell cycle regulators, including the G1 cyclins Cln1, Cln2, Clb5, and Clb6, as well as numerous genes with functions related to DNA metabolism, budding, spindle pole body duplication, and cell wall synthesis (3, 4). Many of these transcribed genes are targets of the heterodimeric transcription facto ...
... cell cycle regulators, including the G1 cyclins Cln1, Cln2, Clb5, and Clb6, as well as numerous genes with functions related to DNA metabolism, budding, spindle pole body duplication, and cell wall synthesis (3, 4). Many of these transcribed genes are targets of the heterodimeric transcription facto ...
Autophagy in Plasmodium, a multifunctional pathway?
... past five years and is now seen as a therapeutic target in many diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious disease [1-3], where not just host autophagy but that of the eukaryotic pathogen plays a critical role in infection [4]. While much was known about the role of autophagy in th ...
... past five years and is now seen as a therapeutic target in many diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious disease [1-3], where not just host autophagy but that of the eukaryotic pathogen plays a critical role in infection [4]. While much was known about the role of autophagy in th ...
The Arabidopsis Rab5 Homologs Rha1 and Ara7 Localize to the
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
Tracing the Archaeal Origins of Eukaryotic Membrane
... In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells are characterized by a complex set of internal membrane-bound compartments. A subset of these, and the protein machineries that move material between them, define the membranetrafficking system (MTS), the emergence of which represents a landmark in eukary ...
... In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells are characterized by a complex set of internal membrane-bound compartments. A subset of these, and the protein machineries that move material between them, define the membranetrafficking system (MTS), the emergence of which represents a landmark in eukary ...
Regulation of macronutrient transport
... from each other not only in their tissue and membrane location but also in their mode of energization, substrate affinity and specificity (Blatt, 2004). The enormous variety of features displayed by transport proteins provides an invaluable pool for plants from which to select those transporters tha ...
... from each other not only in their tissue and membrane location but also in their mode of energization, substrate affinity and specificity (Blatt, 2004). The enormous variety of features displayed by transport proteins provides an invaluable pool for plants from which to select those transporters tha ...
Glucose induces de novo lipogenesis in rat muscle satellite cells
... We first assessed the effect of glucose concentration on glucose uptake by incubating myotubes for 30 minutes with 25 mM glucose in absence of insulin. This resulted in a twofold increase in 2-DG uptake, whereas mannitol was inefficient, ruling out an osmotic effect of glucose (Fig. 1). Thus, high g ...
... We first assessed the effect of glucose concentration on glucose uptake by incubating myotubes for 30 minutes with 25 mM glucose in absence of insulin. This resulted in a twofold increase in 2-DG uptake, whereas mannitol was inefficient, ruling out an osmotic effect of glucose (Fig. 1). Thus, high g ...
pig-1_final 121812
... expression of both LKB1 and STRAD leads to cell-autonomous polarization of single isolated epithelial cells (BAAS et al. 2004) and axon specification in developing neurons (SHELLY et al. 2007). Despite these requirements for STRAD, LKB1 has also been shown to have STRADindependent functions in C. el ...
... expression of both LKB1 and STRAD leads to cell-autonomous polarization of single isolated epithelial cells (BAAS et al. 2004) and axon specification in developing neurons (SHELLY et al. 2007). Despite these requirements for STRAD, LKB1 has also been shown to have STRADindependent functions in C. el ...
The Emerging Age of Cell-free Synthetic Biology
... There is rich diversity of CF systems, reaction modes, and preparation techniques that provide many options for applying CF synbio. For example, there have been considerable well-described iterations towards streamlining preparation of E. coli-based CF extract in the last 30 years [61, 62]. Some pre ...
... There is rich diversity of CF systems, reaction modes, and preparation techniques that provide many options for applying CF synbio. For example, there have been considerable well-described iterations towards streamlining preparation of E. coli-based CF extract in the last 30 years [61, 62]. Some pre ...
Two-step and one-step secretion mechanisms in Gram
... known as secretion systems, are essential for bacterial virulence and are used by bacteria to acquire nutrients, transport various proteins, nucleic acids or toxins or assemble cell-surface organelles such as pili or fimbriae. Transport has to occur across both the membranes with the periplasmic spa ...
... known as secretion systems, are essential for bacterial virulence and are used by bacteria to acquire nutrients, transport various proteins, nucleic acids or toxins or assemble cell-surface organelles such as pili or fimbriae. Transport has to occur across both the membranes with the periplasmic spa ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.