The role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) - UiO
... Animals store most excess energy as fat in specialized cells called adipocytes which form the major part of adipose tissue. Since obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions in the last decades, is the result of excess growth of the adipose tissue caused by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia, unde ...
... Animals store most excess energy as fat in specialized cells called adipocytes which form the major part of adipose tissue. Since obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions in the last decades, is the result of excess growth of the adipose tissue caused by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia, unde ...
Fast Protein Folding in the Hydrophobic
... block cannot be topological neighbors. Further, any pair of 1‘s take from blocks bh and b~ may be topological neighbors only when Ik – j I is odd, To see this, observe that the length of each block is odd. If Ik – jl is even, then there are an odd number of blocks between bj and bk. Since block sepa ...
... block cannot be topological neighbors. Further, any pair of 1‘s take from blocks bh and b~ may be topological neighbors only when Ik – j I is odd, To see this, observe that the length of each block is odd. If Ik – jl is even, then there are an odd number of blocks between bj and bk. Since block sepa ...
Interferons: cell signalling, immune modulation, antiviral responses
... induction of IFN-β occurs primarily at the level of transcriptional initiation (see Fig. 2). The key induction event is the redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the transcription factor NF-κB (Lenardo et al., 1989 ; Visvanathan & Goodbourn, 1989). NF-κB plays a role in the transcripti ...
... induction of IFN-β occurs primarily at the level of transcriptional initiation (see Fig. 2). The key induction event is the redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the transcription factor NF-κB (Lenardo et al., 1989 ; Visvanathan & Goodbourn, 1989). NF-κB plays a role in the transcripti ...
A Point Mutation in the Ethylene-Inducing Xylanase Elicitor Inhibits
... Induction of Ethylene Biosynthesis by Different Xylanases The enzymatic activity (b-1-4-endoxylanase) of EIX was compared with the enzymatic activity of XynI and XynII isolated from Trichoderma reesei (Torronen et al., 1992). EIX and XynII had similar enzymatic activity, while XynI was less active ( ...
... Induction of Ethylene Biosynthesis by Different Xylanases The enzymatic activity (b-1-4-endoxylanase) of EIX was compared with the enzymatic activity of XynI and XynII isolated from Trichoderma reesei (Torronen et al., 1992). EIX and XynII had similar enzymatic activity, while XynI was less active ( ...
The presence of monoglucosylated N196
... Glycosylation is an important cellular modification, and it is related to many human diseases and developmental defects [1]. It introduces diversity into a biological system because of its inherent structural heterogeneity, and thus plays critical roles during a variety of cellular processes, such a ...
... Glycosylation is an important cellular modification, and it is related to many human diseases and developmental defects [1]. It introduces diversity into a biological system because of its inherent structural heterogeneity, and thus plays critical roles during a variety of cellular processes, such a ...
Peptide inhibitors of the essential cell division protein FtsA
... Purification of inclusion bodies and refolding of FtsA The bacterial pellet was resuspended in wash buffer from the Protein Refolding Kit (Novagen) as recommended by the manufacturer and treated with lysozyme at 100 mg/ml for 15 min at 30 C. Cells were lysed by sonication for 30 s/ml using a Virson ...
... Purification of inclusion bodies and refolding of FtsA The bacterial pellet was resuspended in wash buffer from the Protein Refolding Kit (Novagen) as recommended by the manufacturer and treated with lysozyme at 100 mg/ml for 15 min at 30 C. Cells were lysed by sonication for 30 s/ml using a Virson ...
Insulin action on skeletal muscle protein metabolism during
... that their effect was artefactual. For example, the strong stimulation of muscle protein synthesis recently observed in the forearm [42] could be related to an IGF11 receptor signalling owing to the extreme hyperinsulinemia. The study by Bennett et al. [8] compared the effect of amino acid infusion ...
... that their effect was artefactual. For example, the strong stimulation of muscle protein synthesis recently observed in the forearm [42] could be related to an IGF11 receptor signalling owing to the extreme hyperinsulinemia. The study by Bennett et al. [8] compared the effect of amino acid infusion ...
Identification of the Protein Storage Vacuole
... the trafficking of resident proteins to these compartments. There is vast experimental evidence that proteins destined for the lytic vacuole are first transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Golgi apparatus; clathrin-coated vesicles are then involved in trafficking from the trans ...
... the trafficking of resident proteins to these compartments. There is vast experimental evidence that proteins destined for the lytic vacuole are first transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Golgi apparatus; clathrin-coated vesicles are then involved in trafficking from the trans ...
Pertussis - vdsstream VDS
... usually hospitalized because their symptoms are worse and they are at a higher risk for complications. These complications for infants may include ear infections, pneumonia, seizures, and even brain damage [2]. However, about 2 in 100 adolescents and 5 in 100 adults are hospitalized or have complica ...
... usually hospitalized because their symptoms are worse and they are at a higher risk for complications. These complications for infants may include ear infections, pneumonia, seizures, and even brain damage [2]. However, about 2 in 100 adolescents and 5 in 100 adults are hospitalized or have complica ...
Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
... fraction are the actual marshalling site for polypeptide polymerization (47, 48) . The ribonucleoprotein particulate fraction of the microsomes could be separated from other components of the microsomal pellet by the addition of sodium deoxycholate, which solubilized enzymes involved in cholesterol ...
... fraction are the actual marshalling site for polypeptide polymerization (47, 48) . The ribonucleoprotein particulate fraction of the microsomes could be separated from other components of the microsomal pellet by the addition of sodium deoxycholate, which solubilized enzymes involved in cholesterol ...
Regulation of myocardial contractility 1958–1983: An Odyssey
... and they went in, the mortal and immortal. ... where the divine Kalypso placed before him victuals and drink of men: then she sat down facing Odysseus, while her serving maids brought nectar and ambrosia to her side. Then each one' s hands went out on each one' s feast until they had had their pleas ...
... and they went in, the mortal and immortal. ... where the divine Kalypso placed before him victuals and drink of men: then she sat down facing Odysseus, while her serving maids brought nectar and ambrosia to her side. Then each one' s hands went out on each one' s feast until they had had their pleas ...
Characterization of Lipid Rafts from Medicago
... the major compound, but also in steryl glycosides and acyl-steryl glycosides. A large number of proteins (i.e. 270) have been identified. Among them, receptor kinases and proteins related to signaling, cellular trafficking, and cell wall functioning were well represented whereas those involved in tr ...
... the major compound, but also in steryl glycosides and acyl-steryl glycosides. A large number of proteins (i.e. 270) have been identified. Among them, receptor kinases and proteins related to signaling, cellular trafficking, and cell wall functioning were well represented whereas those involved in tr ...
Full-Text PDF
... hindered by the significant technical challenges involved, largely due to the difficulty in combining individual components of diverse cellular origins into a self-maintaining and functionally competent system. The high inherent complexity of living cells, with multiple interconnected pathways and c ...
... hindered by the significant technical challenges involved, largely due to the difficulty in combining individual components of diverse cellular origins into a self-maintaining and functionally competent system. The high inherent complexity of living cells, with multiple interconnected pathways and c ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane - e-learning
... Access provided by Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza on 03/09/17. For personal use only. ...
... Access provided by Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza on 03/09/17. For personal use only. ...
Diversity of heterotrimeric G-protein γ subunits in plants | SpringerLink
... subunits are relatively small proteins of about 8–11 kDa [11,12,24-26]. They contain a conserved prenylation signal at their C-termini, which is a target for posttranslational prenylation [1,3,22,27,28]. This modification considered to be crucial for anchoring the Gβγ dimer to the plasma membrane an ...
... subunits are relatively small proteins of about 8–11 kDa [11,12,24-26]. They contain a conserved prenylation signal at their C-termini, which is a target for posttranslational prenylation [1,3,22,27,28]. This modification considered to be crucial for anchoring the Gβγ dimer to the plasma membrane an ...
BIOSYNTHESIS IN ISOLATED ACETABULARIA CHLOROPLASTS I
... into the others has been observed. The absence of radioactivity in an amino acid was usually correlated with the absence of its ninhydrin spot as well, the main exception being proline in several experiments. These problems of incomplete recovery and loss are greatly accentuated by the small protein ...
... into the others has been observed. The absence of radioactivity in an amino acid was usually correlated with the absence of its ninhydrin spot as well, the main exception being proline in several experiments. These problems of incomplete recovery and loss are greatly accentuated by the small protein ...
Exploration on Amino Acid Content and Morphological Structure in
... high content of cystine (8.85%) in the amino acid sequence (see Table 1), and cystine has -SH groups and causes the sulfur–sulfur (disulfide) bonding. The high content cystine makes the keratin stable by forming network structure through joining adjacent polypeptides by disulfide cross-links. The fe ...
... high content of cystine (8.85%) in the amino acid sequence (see Table 1), and cystine has -SH groups and causes the sulfur–sulfur (disulfide) bonding. The high content cystine makes the keratin stable by forming network structure through joining adjacent polypeptides by disulfide cross-links. The fe ...
A New Subfamily of Major Intrinsic Proteins in
... aligned in total 164 different forms of MIPs from bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. On the basis of 46 different type sequences they identified highly conserved amino acid residues. The high degree of conservation suggests that all MIPs have a common fold, and that the conserved residues have a ...
... aligned in total 164 different forms of MIPs from bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. On the basis of 46 different type sequences they identified highly conserved amino acid residues. The high degree of conservation suggests that all MIPs have a common fold, and that the conserved residues have a ...
PDF
... The Drosophila wing disc has been used as an excellent model to study the Hh signal transduction. Posterior (P) compartment cells in the wing discs secrete Hh protein that moves into the anterior (A) compartment and induces the expression of Hh target genes, such as dpp, ptc and engrailed (en), whic ...
... The Drosophila wing disc has been used as an excellent model to study the Hh signal transduction. Posterior (P) compartment cells in the wing discs secrete Hh protein that moves into the anterior (A) compartment and induces the expression of Hh target genes, such as dpp, ptc and engrailed (en), whic ...
Insulin action on skeletal muscle protein metabolism during
... that their effect was artefactual. For example, the strong stimulation of muscle protein synthesis recently observed in the forearm [42] could be related to an IGF11 receptor signalling owing to the extreme hyperinsulinemia. The study by Bennett et al. [8] compared the effect of amino acid infusion ...
... that their effect was artefactual. For example, the strong stimulation of muscle protein synthesis recently observed in the forearm [42] could be related to an IGF11 receptor signalling owing to the extreme hyperinsulinemia. The study by Bennett et al. [8] compared the effect of amino acid infusion ...
as a PDF
... there is a connection between the nuclei and septa is suggested by the fact that spindle pole bodies seem to play an important role in septum positioning. Many proteins found at the spindle pole body seem to affect septation. For instance the spindle pole body protein SnaD affects the timing of mitosi ...
... there is a connection between the nuclei and septa is suggested by the fact that spindle pole bodies seem to play an important role in septum positioning. Many proteins found at the spindle pole body seem to affect septation. For instance the spindle pole body protein SnaD affects the timing of mitosi ...
The Effect of Chemical Treatments of Albumin and Orosomucoid on
... the exposure of the penultimate galactose residue, since oxidation or removal of this residue restored the clearance rate to a value similar to that for the native glycoprotein. These and other results indicated that there is a positive recognition between the intact terminal galactose residues of t ...
... the exposure of the penultimate galactose residue, since oxidation or removal of this residue restored the clearance rate to a value similar to that for the native glycoprotein. These and other results indicated that there is a positive recognition between the intact terminal galactose residues of t ...
Y41G9a.1 and ciliary defects in osm
... Characterization of the molecular defects in these mutants with altered cilia structure has revealed that many of the proteins are homologs of IFT proteins identified in Chlamydomonas (Cole et al., 1998). The protein products of the worm osm-1 and osm-6 genes are homologs of IFT raft proteins identi ...
... Characterization of the molecular defects in these mutants with altered cilia structure has revealed that many of the proteins are homologs of IFT proteins identified in Chlamydomonas (Cole et al., 1998). The protein products of the worm osm-1 and osm-6 genes are homologs of IFT raft proteins identi ...
C. elegans daf-6 Encodes a Patched-Related Protein
... conferred some ability to take up dye from the environment (Figures 2A and 2B). A 2968 bp full-length daf-6 cDNA clone was obtained from Yuji Kohara (DNA Data Bank of Japan). The daf-6 intron/exon organization was determined by comparing the cDNA and genomic sequences (Figure 2A). Conceptual transla ...
... conferred some ability to take up dye from the environment (Figures 2A and 2B). A 2968 bp full-length daf-6 cDNA clone was obtained from Yuji Kohara (DNA Data Bank of Japan). The daf-6 intron/exon organization was determined by comparing the cDNA and genomic sequences (Figure 2A). Conceptual transla ...
The water of life: osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.