EHR 2101 Theories of Ethics
... This course describes theories and principles of ethics. The course concentrates on theories like; utilitarianism, rule based ethics, and virtue ethics. The course will also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of these theories. Course Objectives 1. To help the students acquire knowledge of ...
... This course describes theories and principles of ethics. The course concentrates on theories like; utilitarianism, rule based ethics, and virtue ethics. The course will also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of these theories. Course Objectives 1. To help the students acquire knowledge of ...
Why Ethics?
... Good ethics is good, but not always for business Ethics is the judge of what is done, not a means to secure an advantage. Even if one has the high moral ground, ethics dictates that it should be abandoned. Good ethics might be good for business, but that does not make business success its measure o ...
... Good ethics is good, but not always for business Ethics is the judge of what is done, not a means to secure an advantage. Even if one has the high moral ground, ethics dictates that it should be abandoned. Good ethics might be good for business, but that does not make business success its measure o ...
the ethics of obligation
... “How Should I Behave In Order To Promote A Cooperative Society Where I, And Every Other Human Can Pursue Their Life’s Plan?” ...
... “How Should I Behave In Order To Promote A Cooperative Society Where I, And Every Other Human Can Pursue Their Life’s Plan?” ...
Moral judgments must be backed by good reasons.
... other people to decide who should live and who should die." It is wrong to do things which would open the doors... -----------------------------------------------------:. Euthanizing Tracy was wrong and shouldn't have been done. ...
... other people to decide who should live and who should die." It is wrong to do things which would open the doors... -----------------------------------------------------:. Euthanizing Tracy was wrong and shouldn't have been done. ...
File - Tallis English & Philosophy
... and so can’t be known to be true or false. • If moral judgments aren’t true or false, we can’t reason about basic moral principles. • “X is good” simply means “Hurrah for X!” • so goodness and immorality are limited to our (societal?) preferences. – For example, the death penalty makes me feel nasty ...
... and so can’t be known to be true or false. • If moral judgments aren’t true or false, we can’t reason about basic moral principles. • “X is good” simply means “Hurrah for X!” • so goodness and immorality are limited to our (societal?) preferences. – For example, the death penalty makes me feel nasty ...
Deontological Ethics
... Suppose a distraught screaming stranger runs through your doorway and into your house, disappearing upstairs. A couple of minutes latter a known fugitive and convict knocks on your door with a gun in his hand. He asks if you have seen a person, matching the description of the stranger. On Kant’s ...
... Suppose a distraught screaming stranger runs through your doorway and into your house, disappearing upstairs. A couple of minutes latter a known fugitive and convict knocks on your door with a gun in his hand. He asks if you have seen a person, matching the description of the stranger. On Kant’s ...
Introduction to ethics - U of L Personal Web Sites
... particular source (e.g. religious texts) are asserted to create absolute obligations While not strictly “theories”, deontological codes create obligations which are often interpreted in an absolute way. Guiding principle theories in which moral obligations can be derived from one guiding principle ...
... particular source (e.g. religious texts) are asserted to create absolute obligations While not strictly “theories”, deontological codes create obligations which are often interpreted in an absolute way. Guiding principle theories in which moral obligations can be derived from one guiding principle ...
Introductory Lecture
... • Telling lies is in most cases immoral, but should it really be made illegal? ...
... • Telling lies is in most cases immoral, but should it really be made illegal? ...
WELFARISM AND UTILITARIANISM: A REHABILITATION*
... action. This objection to consequentialism may be resolved by the following distinction. Let us apply moral goodness to motives and to consequences separately. We can then say that the motive behind action X is good though its consequences are bad or vice versa. We may then confine welfarism to mora ...
... action. This objection to consequentialism may be resolved by the following distinction. Let us apply moral goodness to motives and to consequences separately. We can then say that the motive behind action X is good though its consequences are bad or vice versa. We may then confine welfarism to mora ...
Morality as a Value Criterion and a Social Fact
... other criteria of evaluation which we may call “non-moral values.” We should begin by explaining how these values come into existence in the first place: something acquires value by becoming an object of interest for someone, meaning that something nobody has any interest in is valueless or without ...
... other criteria of evaluation which we may call “non-moral values.” We should begin by explaining how these values come into existence in the first place: something acquires value by becoming an object of interest for someone, meaning that something nobody has any interest in is valueless or without ...
Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong
... obligation such as God, human reason, or the desire to be happy Seeks to establish principles of right behavior that may serve as action guides for individuals and groups ...
... obligation such as God, human reason, or the desire to be happy Seeks to establish principles of right behavior that may serve as action guides for individuals and groups ...
PersonsTheoreticalEthics
... overarching moral principle to which one could appeal in resolving difficult moral decisions. ...
... overarching moral principle to which one could appeal in resolving difficult moral decisions. ...
Week 2
... Justice is concerned with past events. Justice should be individualistic – punishment and reward should be for the individual, not the group. Week 2, PHIL2 ...
... Justice is concerned with past events. Justice should be individualistic – punishment and reward should be for the individual, not the group. Week 2, PHIL2 ...
Ethics – Handout 3 Ayer`s Emotivism
... what our moral terms mean: e.g., “right” means “happiness-maximizing”. But many defenders of utilitarianism defend it not as an account of what our moral terms mean, but rather as a first-order account of what makes actions right; such utilitarians needn’t think that “right” means “happiness-maximiz ...
... what our moral terms mean: e.g., “right” means “happiness-maximizing”. But many defenders of utilitarianism defend it not as an account of what our moral terms mean, but rather as a first-order account of what makes actions right; such utilitarians needn’t think that “right” means “happiness-maximiz ...
When Maxims Clash: Categorical Imperative and
... it impossible for one to act upon all of the maxims that it has approved. Consider the following, quite well-known example: a person rushes into a friend’s house, asking for a hiding place from a murderer. Moments later, the murderer appears at the friend’s door, looking for the former, and asks to ...
... it impossible for one to act upon all of the maxims that it has approved. Consider the following, quite well-known example: a person rushes into a friend’s house, asking for a hiding place from a murderer. Moments later, the murderer appears at the friend’s door, looking for the former, and asks to ...
Moral Enhancement and the Duty to Eliminate Evildoing
... Each of us has a moral obligation to refrain from evildoing. And yet evils persist in forms like child abuse, gay bashing, sexual and economic slavery, reckless dumping of toxic waste and fraudulent or risky financial practices that rob people of their homes and pensions. Scientific advances offer a ...
... Each of us has a moral obligation to refrain from evildoing. And yet evils persist in forms like child abuse, gay bashing, sexual and economic slavery, reckless dumping of toxic waste and fraudulent or risky financial practices that rob people of their homes and pensions. Scientific advances offer a ...
FREE Sample Here
... This group exercise illustrates some of the issues that have been discussed in this section. The scenario is that there are two prisoners. They are told that if one confesses, that person will go free, but the partner will face the death penalty. If neither confesses, they will both get two years. I ...
... This group exercise illustrates some of the issues that have been discussed in this section. The scenario is that there are two prisoners. They are told that if one confesses, that person will go free, but the partner will face the death penalty. If neither confesses, they will both get two years. I ...
Chapter 2 - Test Bank 1
... This group exercise illustrates some of the issues that have been discussed in this section. The scenario is that there are two prisoners. They are told that if one confesses, that person will go free, but the partner will face the death penalty. If neither confesses, they will both get two years. I ...
... This group exercise illustrates some of the issues that have been discussed in this section. The scenario is that there are two prisoners. They are told that if one confesses, that person will go free, but the partner will face the death penalty. If neither confesses, they will both get two years. I ...
Chapter 3: Morality and the Moral Life Ethics
... Moral Theory A theory that explains why an action is right or wrong or why a person or a person’s character is good or bad. A moral theory tells us what it is about an action that makes it right, or what it is about a person that makes him or her good. ...
... Moral Theory A theory that explains why an action is right or wrong or why a person or a person’s character is good or bad. A moral theory tells us what it is about an action that makes it right, or what it is about a person that makes him or her good. ...
ats1371_2015_tutorial_week10_small
... consultation ... among the twelve Judges".[66] Finally, on 22 June 1772 Mansfield gave his judgment, which ruled that a master could not carry his slave out of England by force, and concluded: The state of slavery is of such a nature, that it is incapable of being introduced on any reasons, moral or ...
... consultation ... among the twelve Judges".[66] Finally, on 22 June 1772 Mansfield gave his judgment, which ruled that a master could not carry his slave out of England by force, and concluded: The state of slavery is of such a nature, that it is incapable of being introduced on any reasons, moral or ...
c. virtue ethics - University of San Diego
... Consequentialists claim that the morally relevant features of any action are the consequences of that action. When deliberating about what to do, consequentialists will tell us to maximize good consequences or attempt to achieve a balance of good consequences over bad consequences. Consequentialists ...
... Consequentialists claim that the morally relevant features of any action are the consequences of that action. When deliberating about what to do, consequentialists will tell us to maximize good consequences or attempt to achieve a balance of good consequences over bad consequences. Consequentialists ...
Nussbaum and Wolf Reading Study Guide Phil 240 Introduction to
... Recent philosophy has seen a large resurgence of interest in theorizing about the virtues, but many virtue-oriented ethical theories have involved some version of relativism—the view that ethics can only articulate local ideals rather than offering any universally valid norms of conduct. In contrast ...
... Recent philosophy has seen a large resurgence of interest in theorizing about the virtues, but many virtue-oriented ethical theories have involved some version of relativism—the view that ethics can only articulate local ideals rather than offering any universally valid norms of conduct. In contrast ...
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the best moral action is the one that maximizes utility. Utility is defined in various ways, but is usually related to the well-being of sentient entities. Classically, Jeremy Bentham, the founder of Utilitarianism, defined utility as the aggregate pleasure after deducting suffering of all involved in any action. John Stuart Mill expanded this concept of utility to include not only the quantity, but quality of pleasure, while focusing on rules, rather than individual moral actions. Others have rejected that pleasure has positive value and have advocated negative utilitarianism, which defines utility only in terms of suffering. In contrast to this hedonistic view, some define utility with relation to preference satisfaction whereas others believe that a range of values can be included in its definition.Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong. This view can be contrasted or combined with virtue ethics which holds virtue as a moral good. Some believe that one's intentions are also ethically important. Utilitarianism is distinctly different from other forms of consequentialism such as egoism as it considers all interests equally. Proponents of utilitarianism have been split about whether individual acts should conform to utility (act utilitarianism) or whether agents should conform to ethical rules (rule utilitarianism). Utilitarians additionally remain split about whether utility should be calculated as an aggregate (total utilitarianism) or an average (average utilitarianism).Historically, hedonism can be traced back to Aristippus and Epicurus who viewed happiness as the only good. Bentham is, however, credited with founding utilitarianism when he wrote An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Since Bentham, prominent utilitarians have included John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick, R.M. Hare and Peter Singer. The philosophy has been applied to modern issues including the suffering of non-human animals. Specifically, utilitarianism has been applied to the ethics of raising animals for food and the ethics of wild animal suffering. Effective altruism is a philosophy aimed at improving the world through evidence based means, which has been supported on utilitarian grounds.Opponents of utilitarianism have criticized it for many reasons. Some have said that utilitarianism ignores justice while others contend that utilitarianism is impractical. Specific criticisms have included the mere addition paradox and the utility monster. Others have said that pleasure is not commensurable across people with varying identities and thus the idea of aggregating utility is impossible.