LABORATORY 2: ENZYME CATALYSIS
... to have a unique three-dimensional structure. The active site is the portion of the enzyme that interacts with the substrate, so that any substance that blocks or changes the shape of the active site affects the activity of the enzyme. A description of several ways enzyme action may be affected foll ...
... to have a unique three-dimensional structure. The active site is the portion of the enzyme that interacts with the substrate, so that any substance that blocks or changes the shape of the active site affects the activity of the enzyme. A description of several ways enzyme action may be affected foll ...
electron transport chain
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
WHY DO CARDIOMYOCYTES (HEART MUSCLE CELLS) STORE
... sets the "Citric Acid Cycle" in motion. One turn of the cycle results in one molecule of oxaloacetate again, and the burning of the acetate to 2 molecules of carbon dioxide and two of water. It ...
... sets the "Citric Acid Cycle" in motion. One turn of the cycle results in one molecule of oxaloacetate again, and the burning of the acetate to 2 molecules of carbon dioxide and two of water. It ...
bio 3 general botany lecture manual
... have a valid excuse, I will schedule an intellectually comparable make up oral or essay examination. No make ups will be granted for the final examination without prior approval from Dr. Hughey. ...
... have a valid excuse, I will schedule an intellectually comparable make up oral or essay examination. No make ups will be granted for the final examination without prior approval from Dr. Hughey. ...
Evidence for the Predominance of Condensed Phase Reaction in
... nanopowders, there is a significant difference in the amount of CO2 and O2 as compared to the fuel/oxide mixtures. In both panels c and d in Figure 1, the intensity of O2 is greater than that in the mixtures, and the CO2 is substantially decreased. Comparison of the fuel/oxide vs neat oxide nanopowder ...
... nanopowders, there is a significant difference in the amount of CO2 and O2 as compared to the fuel/oxide mixtures. In both panels c and d in Figure 1, the intensity of O2 is greater than that in the mixtures, and the CO2 is substantially decreased. Comparison of the fuel/oxide vs neat oxide nanopowder ...
Seedless Vascular Plants
... Leaves capture more sunlight with their increased surface area by employing more chloroplasts to trap light energy and convert it to chemical energy, which is then used to x atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. The carbohydrates are exported to the rest of the plant by the conductive cell ...
... Leaves capture more sunlight with their increased surface area by employing more chloroplasts to trap light energy and convert it to chemical energy, which is then used to x atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. The carbohydrates are exported to the rest of the plant by the conductive cell ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. • Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). • If oxyge ...
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. • Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). • If oxyge ...
Related Metabolic Processes
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. • Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). • If oxyge ...
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. • In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. • Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP (net). • If oxyge ...
to an allosteric site
... most cellular work, which includes: • • Mechanical work such as beating of cilia, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic flow, and chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis. • • Transport work such as pumping substances across membranes. • • Chemical work such as the endergonic process of polymerizati ...
... most cellular work, which includes: • • Mechanical work such as beating of cilia, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic flow, and chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis. • • Transport work such as pumping substances across membranes. • • Chemical work such as the endergonic process of polymerizati ...
Poster
... achieved by the enzyme, MppQ, which transfers an amine between 2KE and alanine or glycine to give L-End, which is then incorporated into antibiotics. ...
... achieved by the enzyme, MppQ, which transfers an amine between 2KE and alanine or glycine to give L-End, which is then incorporated into antibiotics. ...
cotyledon orbiculata folia
... krimpsiekte3 in livestock feeding on this species as well as certain other members of Crassulaceae, some animal studies were undertaken4. These concluded that stock losses were due largely to the presence of digitalis-like principles in leaf and stem and that activity varied seasonally, geographica ...
... krimpsiekte3 in livestock feeding on this species as well as certain other members of Crassulaceae, some animal studies were undertaken4. These concluded that stock losses were due largely to the presence of digitalis-like principles in leaf and stem and that activity varied seasonally, geographica ...
Respiration
... intermembrance space B. Electrons are transported across the membrane using ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and cytochrome C ...
... intermembrance space B. Electrons are transported across the membrane using ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and cytochrome C ...
Overview of Metabolism - Chapter 4 - Formatted
... and carbon for the synthesis of biomolecules and for work. Autotrophs (photosynthetic bacteria and plants) synthesize complex biomolecules by using the energy of sunlight, and obtaining carbon from only atmospheric CO2. Heterotrophs (most animals) obtain energy and carbon from ingested carbohydrates ...
... and carbon for the synthesis of biomolecules and for work. Autotrophs (photosynthetic bacteria and plants) synthesize complex biomolecules by using the energy of sunlight, and obtaining carbon from only atmospheric CO2. Heterotrophs (most animals) obtain energy and carbon from ingested carbohydrates ...
Chapter 23 - Anatomy Freaks
... • Respiratory zone: site for gas exchange – Respiratory bronchioles branch from terminal bronchioles. Respiratory bronchioles have very few alveoli (small, air filled chambers where gas exchange between air & blood takes place). ...
... • Respiratory zone: site for gas exchange – Respiratory bronchioles branch from terminal bronchioles. Respiratory bronchioles have very few alveoli (small, air filled chambers where gas exchange between air & blood takes place). ...
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
... enzymes may be involved, basically all reactions have wellknown housekeeping functions in all green plants. It is the special linkage of metabolic elements that makes up the CAM network (Figure 1; Cushman and Bohnert, 1997; Lüttge, 1998). The key enzyme of CO2 dark fixation is phosphoenolpyruvate ca ...
... enzymes may be involved, basically all reactions have wellknown housekeeping functions in all green plants. It is the special linkage of metabolic elements that makes up the CAM network (Figure 1; Cushman and Bohnert, 1997; Lüttge, 1998). The key enzyme of CO2 dark fixation is phosphoenolpyruvate ca ...
Biology Name_____________________________________
... information, graphic organizers not only help categorize facts but serve as a memory aid. You will make a graphic organizer that will serve as a study aid for this chapter. Your organizer must include symbols, pictures, diagrams, charts, etc. Do not simply put the words on a piece of paper. This ass ...
... information, graphic organizers not only help categorize facts but serve as a memory aid. You will make a graphic organizer that will serve as a study aid for this chapter. Your organizer must include symbols, pictures, diagrams, charts, etc. Do not simply put the words on a piece of paper. This ass ...
2 Lec 4 Muscle Metabolism V10
... 9.6 Energy for Contraction and ATP Providing Energy for Contraction • ATP supplies the energy needed for the muscle fiber to: – Move and detach cross bridges – Pump calcium back into SR – Pump Na+ out of and K+ back into cell after ...
... 9.6 Energy for Contraction and ATP Providing Energy for Contraction • ATP supplies the energy needed for the muscle fiber to: – Move and detach cross bridges – Pump calcium back into SR – Pump Na+ out of and K+ back into cell after ...
Functioning organisms
... from the parent plants. In order for sexual reproduction to occur, flowers must be pollinated and, when mature, form the fruit that releases seeds or attracts animals that will disperse the seeds for the plant. The organ systems and their functions relate back to the needs of individual plant cells. ...
... from the parent plants. In order for sexual reproduction to occur, flowers must be pollinated and, when mature, form the fruit that releases seeds or attracts animals that will disperse the seeds for the plant. The organ systems and their functions relate back to the needs of individual plant cells. ...
SPAD Chlorophyll Meter: Greenhouse Application
... • In many ways the SPAD meter is inferior to the more efficient hand-held Greenseeker unit for greenhouse horticulture work • In many horticultural uses however, there may always be a need for the more expensive SPAD unit ...
... • In many ways the SPAD meter is inferior to the more efficient hand-held Greenseeker unit for greenhouse horticulture work • In many horticultural uses however, there may always be a need for the more expensive SPAD unit ...
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation
... The first half of the cycle occurs in many different tissues (like muscle) when lactate is formed from glucose during oxygen debt. Glucose → 2 Lactates Provides: 2 ATP from glycolysis The second half of the cycle converts lactate back into glucose. This takes place in the liver when plenty of oxygen ...
... The first half of the cycle occurs in many different tissues (like muscle) when lactate is formed from glucose during oxygen debt. Glucose → 2 Lactates Provides: 2 ATP from glycolysis The second half of the cycle converts lactate back into glucose. This takes place in the liver when plenty of oxygen ...
11 emes RESPONSE OF Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. TO
... means of one-way analysis of variance in fully randomized design. The calculations were performed using Statistica 10 software (Statsoft, Poland). ...
... means of one-way analysis of variance in fully randomized design. The calculations were performed using Statistica 10 software (Statsoft, Poland). ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.