File
... Biological role of Selenium • Glutathione Peroxidases • Anti-oxidant enzymes that reduce reactive oxygen species • Selenoprotein P • transport protein for selenium • Anti-oxidant enzyme • Selenophosphate synthetase • Incorporation of selenocysteine into selenoproteins is directed by enzyme selenoph ...
... Biological role of Selenium • Glutathione Peroxidases • Anti-oxidant enzymes that reduce reactive oxygen species • Selenoprotein P • transport protein for selenium • Anti-oxidant enzyme • Selenophosphate synthetase • Incorporation of selenocysteine into selenoproteins is directed by enzyme selenoph ...
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... Mechanistically, the failure of C4 species in deep shade is not attributable to any single factor, but instead appears to be the combined effect of numerous phenomena that individually confer a small difference in C3 and C4 performance (Sage and Peacy 2000). The maximum quantum yield is directly sig ...
... Mechanistically, the failure of C4 species in deep shade is not attributable to any single factor, but instead appears to be the combined effect of numerous phenomena that individually confer a small difference in C3 and C4 performance (Sage and Peacy 2000). The maximum quantum yield is directly sig ...
Glycolysis is the major oxidative pathway for glucose
... Pyruvate kinase deficiency is the most common genetic defects of glycolytic enzymes. The severity of the hemolytic anemia depends on the degree of enzyme deficiency and the degree of RBC compensation by increasing the level of synthesis of 2,3-BPG to facilitate the release of Oxygen from hemoglo ...
... Pyruvate kinase deficiency is the most common genetic defects of glycolytic enzymes. The severity of the hemolytic anemia depends on the degree of enzyme deficiency and the degree of RBC compensation by increasing the level of synthesis of 2,3-BPG to facilitate the release of Oxygen from hemoglo ...
lecture11&12-RS_Major Metabolic Pathways of
... Pyruvate kinase deficiency is the most common genetic defects of glycolytic enzymes. The severity of the hemolytic anemia depends on the degree of enzyme deficiency and the degree of RBC compensation by increasing the level of synthesis of 2,3-BPG to facilitate the release of Oxygen from hemoglo ...
... Pyruvate kinase deficiency is the most common genetic defects of glycolytic enzymes. The severity of the hemolytic anemia depends on the degree of enzyme deficiency and the degree of RBC compensation by increasing the level of synthesis of 2,3-BPG to facilitate the release of Oxygen from hemoglo ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Metabolism Overview
... energy. Growth & reproduction occur in energy-rich environments. In energy-poor environments organism can temporarily reduce demand by slowing metabolic rates or use internals stores. Eventually they may die. •Cells are dynamic. Many components are continually synthesized and degraded (turnover) whi ...
... energy. Growth & reproduction occur in energy-rich environments. In energy-poor environments organism can temporarily reduce demand by slowing metabolic rates or use internals stores. Eventually they may die. •Cells are dynamic. Many components are continually synthesized and degraded (turnover) whi ...
CARBOHYDRATES - Food Science & Human Nutrition
... Browning in foods happen via: 1) Oxidative reactions 2) Non-oxidative reactions Oxidative reactions involve enzymes and oxygen ◦ Polyphenol oxidase browning in pears, apples, bananas, shrimp etc. (covered later) ◦ No carbohydrates directly involved ...
... Browning in foods happen via: 1) Oxidative reactions 2) Non-oxidative reactions Oxidative reactions involve enzymes and oxygen ◦ Polyphenol oxidase browning in pears, apples, bananas, shrimp etc. (covered later) ◦ No carbohydrates directly involved ...
Chapter 1 - apel slice
... stems. Stems vary greatly in size and shape, but they all have the same two basic functions. They carry water, minerals, and food between the roots and the leaves. The stems also support the plant, holding the leaves up so they can get sunlight. Some stems are soft and flexible. You can bend them in ...
... stems. Stems vary greatly in size and shape, but they all have the same two basic functions. They carry water, minerals, and food between the roots and the leaves. The stems also support the plant, holding the leaves up so they can get sunlight. Some stems are soft and flexible. You can bend them in ...
PLANTS: NONVASCULAR, VASCULAR, SEED AND SEEDLESS
... the new tree, shrub, vine, etc. The embryo is surrounded by nutritive tissue which will feed it during its early growth; until it can establish its own root system and leaves to support itself. Nutrients in the tissue are absorbed into Figure 10. Anatomy of a bean seed the developing embryo by speci ...
... the new tree, shrub, vine, etc. The embryo is surrounded by nutritive tissue which will feed it during its early growth; until it can establish its own root system and leaves to support itself. Nutrients in the tissue are absorbed into Figure 10. Anatomy of a bean seed the developing embryo by speci ...
Least-Cost Input Mixtures of Water and Nitrogen for Photosynthesis
... Choice of Axes. In this section, we show how the two-input production framework can be applied to the use of water and nitrogen in carbon fixation. Its assumptions and implications apply during what we will call “active” photosynthesis, that is, during periods of the day or year when light, water, a ...
... Choice of Axes. In this section, we show how the two-input production framework can be applied to the use of water and nitrogen in carbon fixation. Its assumptions and implications apply during what we will call “active” photosynthesis, that is, during periods of the day or year when light, water, a ...
12_Lecture
... 12.5 The Citric Acid Cycle—Central Processing • During aerobic catabolism, glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids funnel into and out of the citric acid cycle. • The citric acid cycle degrades two-carbon acetyl groups from acetyl CoA into CO2 and generates the high-energy molecules NADH and FADH2. • ...
... 12.5 The Citric Acid Cycle—Central Processing • During aerobic catabolism, glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids funnel into and out of the citric acid cycle. • The citric acid cycle degrades two-carbon acetyl groups from acetyl CoA into CO2 and generates the high-energy molecules NADH and FADH2. • ...
IGCSE® Chemistry - Hodder Plus Home
... (c) the average mass of the isotopes of an element [1] compared with one-twelfth the mass of one atom of carbon-12 [1] (d) Ar of Cu = (63 × 69.1 + 65 × 30.9)/100 [1] = 63.6 [1] 6 (a) aluminium + chlorine → aluminium chloride [1] 2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) → 2AlCl3(s) [1 for reactants, 1 for product ...
... (c) the average mass of the isotopes of an element [1] compared with one-twelfth the mass of one atom of carbon-12 [1] (d) Ar of Cu = (63 × 69.1 + 65 × 30.9)/100 [1] = 63.6 [1] 6 (a) aluminium + chlorine → aluminium chloride [1] 2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) → 2AlCl3(s) [1 for reactants, 1 for product ...
Lamb shift in radical-ion pairs produces a singlet
... Radical-ion pairs [1] are biomolecules recently shown [2–10] to exhibit a host of non-trivial quantum effects, providing a strong link between biology and quantum information science, thus further driving the emerging field of quantum biology [11–20]. Radical-ion-pair (RP) reactions are thought to und ...
... Radical-ion pairs [1] are biomolecules recently shown [2–10] to exhibit a host of non-trivial quantum effects, providing a strong link between biology and quantum information science, thus further driving the emerging field of quantum biology [11–20]. Radical-ion-pair (RP) reactions are thought to und ...
kingdom plantae
... KINGDOM- PLANTAE All the multicellular eukaryotic plants are placed in kingdom- plantae. They are autotrophic i. e. they manufacture their food photosynthesis. Following plant groups are included in kingdom- plantae ...
... KINGDOM- PLANTAE All the multicellular eukaryotic plants are placed in kingdom- plantae. They are autotrophic i. e. they manufacture their food photosynthesis. Following plant groups are included in kingdom- plantae ...
seed plants nov 24
... The first vascular plants were the first to have vascular tissue. That is they had a new type of cell that was specialized to conduct water. The first vascular plants contained tracheids which are cells specialized to conduct water. Tracheids make up xylem, a transport subsystem that carries water f ...
... The first vascular plants were the first to have vascular tissue. That is they had a new type of cell that was specialized to conduct water. The first vascular plants contained tracheids which are cells specialized to conduct water. Tracheids make up xylem, a transport subsystem that carries water f ...
Slide 1
... I. Oxidation & Reduction -a substance which ________ oxidizes another substance by ________ accepting its ________ electrons is called an ________ oxidizing _____, agent which is also reduced the substance that is _______ -a substance which _______ reduces another substance by ______ losing ________ ...
... I. Oxidation & Reduction -a substance which ________ oxidizes another substance by ________ accepting its ________ electrons is called an ________ oxidizing _____, agent which is also reduced the substance that is _______ -a substance which _______ reduces another substance by ______ losing ________ ...
Excess carbon in aquatic organisms and ecosystems: Physiological
... fraction of ingested C must be disposed of and goes to waste as access to P becomes the limiting factor. P deficiency at high C : P in food thus causes an extra toll on growth due to reduced growth efficiency—adding to the effects of suboptimal food quantities. Plants and animals do of course requir ...
... fraction of ingested C must be disposed of and goes to waste as access to P becomes the limiting factor. P deficiency at high C : P in food thus causes an extra toll on growth due to reduced growth efficiency—adding to the effects of suboptimal food quantities. Plants and animals do of course requir ...
Respiratory System
... – Respiratory filtering and cilia • Runny noses and sluggish cilia – The folds and hairs in the nasal cavity cause turbulence in the air we breath • They also heat and humidify inspired air • They get some of the heat and water back from expired air – Figure 22.1 ...
... – Respiratory filtering and cilia • Runny noses and sluggish cilia – The folds and hairs in the nasal cavity cause turbulence in the air we breath • They also heat and humidify inspired air • They get some of the heat and water back from expired air – Figure 22.1 ...
Midterm #2 - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... c) The -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction releases carbon dioxide. Which carbon of ketoglutarate is converted to CO2? Circle the carbon in the box above. (1 pt) d) The -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction is highly regulated by the availability of ATP and NADH. Briefly ans ...
... c) The -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction releases carbon dioxide. Which carbon of ketoglutarate is converted to CO2? Circle the carbon in the box above. (1 pt) d) The -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction is highly regulated by the availability of ATP and NADH. Briefly ans ...
POTTED ANTHURIUM: Mi INTERIOR
... maintain a high aesthetic value while exhibiting a greater lon gevity in an interior environment. For flowering foliage plants such as Anthurium, the ability to flower and maintain at least two flowers under interior conditions appeared to be critical because its aesthetic value centers on the marke ...
... maintain a high aesthetic value while exhibiting a greater lon gevity in an interior environment. For flowering foliage plants such as Anthurium, the ability to flower and maintain at least two flowers under interior conditions appeared to be critical because its aesthetic value centers on the marke ...
Metabolism
... endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule The recipient molecule is phosphorylated AP Biology ...
... endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule The recipient molecule is phosphorylated AP Biology ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.