23–1 Specialized Tissues in Plants
... barrier that protects tissues inside the leaf and limits the loss of water through evaporation. The vascular tissues of leaves are connected directly to the vascular tissues of stems. ...
... barrier that protects tissues inside the leaf and limits the loss of water through evaporation. The vascular tissues of leaves are connected directly to the vascular tissues of stems. ...
Peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids
... The four steps of b-oxidation are repeated to get FA completely converted to acetylCoA. For example for a 16 carbon fatty acid, Palmityl-CoA, it will take 7 cycle of b-oxidation to generate 8 acetyl-CoA. Thus there will be production of ...
... The four steps of b-oxidation are repeated to get FA completely converted to acetylCoA. For example for a 16 carbon fatty acid, Palmityl-CoA, it will take 7 cycle of b-oxidation to generate 8 acetyl-CoA. Thus there will be production of ...
Slide 1
... The absence of labeling into other TCAintermediates suggests that these labeled dicarboxylic acids derive from cytosolic pathways independent of mitochondrial TCA metabolism Similarly, growth on 13C-15N-aspartate results only in the generation of 13C-malate and 13C-fumarate which can also occur ...
... The absence of labeling into other TCAintermediates suggests that these labeled dicarboxylic acids derive from cytosolic pathways independent of mitochondrial TCA metabolism Similarly, growth on 13C-15N-aspartate results only in the generation of 13C-malate and 13C-fumarate which can also occur ...
Translocation of Photosynthate - Academic Resources at Missouri
... water by osmosis. HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE 4. The Phloem sap is pushed through the seive tube column to a SINK area of low solute concentration. (root, bud, grain, bulb, etc.) Sap is pulled out by active transport or stored as starch. UNLOADING 5. Sap continues to flow toward the sink as long as sug ...
... water by osmosis. HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE 4. The Phloem sap is pushed through the seive tube column to a SINK area of low solute concentration. (root, bud, grain, bulb, etc.) Sap is pulled out by active transport or stored as starch. UNLOADING 5. Sap continues to flow toward the sink as long as sug ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Releases 50% of fixed CO2 Provides energy for all sinks, source leaves at night & helps source during day! ...
... Releases 50% of fixed CO2 Provides energy for all sinks, source leaves at night & helps source during day! ...
What Is a Plant?
... • For this reason, plants must obtain and deliver water to all their cells—even those that grow aboveground in the dry air • Water is one of the raw materials of photosynthesis, so it is used up quickly when the sun is shining • Sunny conditions, such as those in a desert, can cause living tissues t ...
... • For this reason, plants must obtain and deliver water to all their cells—even those that grow aboveground in the dry air • Water is one of the raw materials of photosynthesis, so it is used up quickly when the sun is shining • Sunny conditions, such as those in a desert, can cause living tissues t ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration • A catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring process that uses energy extracted from macromolecules (glucose) to produce energy (ATP) and water (H2O). ...
... Cellular Respiration • A catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring process that uses energy extracted from macromolecules (glucose) to produce energy (ATP) and water (H2O). ...
Explanation of Nitrogen Cycle
... might be proteins, enzymes, or nucleic acids. Once the plants have converted the nitrogen, the element can be returned to the soil or taken up by animals. Herbivores eat plants and convert many of the amino acids into new proteins. Omnivores that eat both plants and animals are able to take in the n ...
... might be proteins, enzymes, or nucleic acids. Once the plants have converted the nitrogen, the element can be returned to the soil or taken up by animals. Herbivores eat plants and convert many of the amino acids into new proteins. Omnivores that eat both plants and animals are able to take in the n ...
Principles of redox control in photosynthesis gene
... Changes in light quality lead to preferential absorption of light by either photosystem I (PSI) or PSII. Under conditions favouring PSII, the redox system(s) are predominantly reduced, while under conditions favouring PSI, they are predominantly oxidised. Prolonged illumination with these light qual ...
... Changes in light quality lead to preferential absorption of light by either photosystem I (PSI) or PSII. Under conditions favouring PSII, the redox system(s) are predominantly reduced, while under conditions favouring PSI, they are predominantly oxidised. Prolonged illumination with these light qual ...
Regulation of pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase by ADP
... enzyme activity and phosphorylatability (Table 2). Alternatively, the inactivation mechanism may also include a steric component in addition to an electrostatic one since substitution of Thr by Tyr or Phe (but not Val), two neutral amino acids with bulky side chains, also dramatically inhibits dikin ...
... enzyme activity and phosphorylatability (Table 2). Alternatively, the inactivation mechanism may also include a steric component in addition to an electrostatic one since substitution of Thr by Tyr or Phe (but not Val), two neutral amino acids with bulky side chains, also dramatically inhibits dikin ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules • This released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ATP ...
... chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules • This released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ATP ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... 2. State the reactants and products of glycolysis. ...
... 2. State the reactants and products of glycolysis. ...
Chemical Compound Outline (Part II)
... Chemically, the phenolic compounds are oxidized into quinones which rapidly combine into a dark polymer residue. The brown pigments in "pigment cells" of certain duckweeds (Spirodela and Wolffia) are polymerized quinones within the cells. Urushiol, the insidious allergen of poison oak, is a phenolic ...
... Chemically, the phenolic compounds are oxidized into quinones which rapidly combine into a dark polymer residue. The brown pigments in "pigment cells" of certain duckweeds (Spirodela and Wolffia) are polymerized quinones within the cells. Urushiol, the insidious allergen of poison oak, is a phenolic ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 28: Active Transport
... reaction such as ATP hydrolysis is coupled to transport so that the transported substrate is forced to move against the direction of its electrochemical gradient (Lehninger p.415). Simple uniport occurs in the direction of the electrochemical gradient, because if the transporter is randomly flipping ...
... reaction such as ATP hydrolysis is coupled to transport so that the transported substrate is forced to move against the direction of its electrochemical gradient (Lehninger p.415). Simple uniport occurs in the direction of the electrochemical gradient, because if the transporter is randomly flipping ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... minerals. Cofactor can be an organic molecule, metal ion, or organometallic complex. Cofactors can be either: • Cosubstrate = small organic molecule that associates only transiently with an enzyme. Later associates with another enzyme. • Prosthetic Group = a molecule that is permanently and tightly ...
... minerals. Cofactor can be an organic molecule, metal ion, or organometallic complex. Cofactors can be either: • Cosubstrate = small organic molecule that associates only transiently with an enzyme. Later associates with another enzyme. • Prosthetic Group = a molecule that is permanently and tightly ...
Slide 1
... 2-D cross-sectional view of glycogen. A core protein of glycogenin is surrounded by branches of glucose units. The entire globular granule may contain approximately 30,000 glucose units.[1] ...
... 2-D cross-sectional view of glycogen. A core protein of glycogenin is surrounded by branches of glucose units. The entire globular granule may contain approximately 30,000 glucose units.[1] ...
lecture notes ch31 fungi
... Fungal cells have a cell wall made of chitin (the same sugar polymer of which insect exoskeletons are composed). 3) Different hyphae may come together and fuse their cytoplasm together in a process called plasmogamy. 4) Hyphae branch and form the mycelium, the body of the fungus. E.g. when you see a ...
... Fungal cells have a cell wall made of chitin (the same sugar polymer of which insect exoskeletons are composed). 3) Different hyphae may come together and fuse their cytoplasm together in a process called plasmogamy. 4) Hyphae branch and form the mycelium, the body of the fungus. E.g. when you see a ...
Outline
... reduction half-reactions. 2 Describe how a cell can be constructed using a redox reaction in which halfreactions are contained in half-cells joined by a salt bridge or separated by a ...
... reduction half-reactions. 2 Describe how a cell can be constructed using a redox reaction in which halfreactions are contained in half-cells joined by a salt bridge or separated by a ...
Cellular Respiration: Supplying Energy to Metabolic Reactions
... * Essentially this pathway provides a way to metabolise the pyruvate and recycle the NADH/NAD+ that was produced by glycolysis. * Lactic acid or ethanol are the final products of glucose catabolism. Overall the only ATP produced in this reaction was from the glycolysis stage making fermentation high ...
... * Essentially this pathway provides a way to metabolise the pyruvate and recycle the NADH/NAD+ that was produced by glycolysis. * Lactic acid or ethanol are the final products of glucose catabolism. Overall the only ATP produced in this reaction was from the glycolysis stage making fermentation high ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
... 112. (Page 54.) What will happen to the concentration of H+ in the blood, will it increase or decrease? 113. (Page 54.) How will the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis? 114. (Page 41, 45, 48, & 52.) Would the following cause metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis or res ...
... 112. (Page 54.) What will happen to the concentration of H+ in the blood, will it increase or decrease? 113. (Page 54.) How will the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis? 114. (Page 41, 45, 48, & 52.) Would the following cause metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis or res ...
Cell Respiration
... organic molecules and some other molecule that acts as the final electron acceptor in place of oxygen. ...
... organic molecules and some other molecule that acts as the final electron acceptor in place of oxygen. ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.