AP Biology Study Guide
... Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain occur. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. Explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the e ...
... Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain occur. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. Explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the e ...
Oberholtzer and Swanson
... There are several methods of carbon fixation a plant can use to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. In C3 plants carbon fixation is initially performed via the enzyme rubisco. Rubisco takes carbon dioxide and adds it to ribulose bisphosphate, initiating the first step of the Calvin Cycle. During th ...
... There are several methods of carbon fixation a plant can use to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. In C3 plants carbon fixation is initially performed via the enzyme rubisco. Rubisco takes carbon dioxide and adds it to ribulose bisphosphate, initiating the first step of the Calvin Cycle. During th ...
Organic Molecules
... Used for energy when carbs are scarce Provide long term energy storage, cushion vital organs and insulation for the body Major component of cell membrane and one of the raw materials necessary for production of vitamins and hormones ...
... Used for energy when carbs are scarce Provide long term energy storage, cushion vital organs and insulation for the body Major component of cell membrane and one of the raw materials necessary for production of vitamins and hormones ...
Chapter 9 Plants with Seeds
... ____ carries water and minerals through plant ____ transfer of pollen from one part to another ____ anchors the plant and absorbs water, minerals ____ contains reproductive organs of angiosperm ____ photosynthesis occurs here ____ carries food down the plant ____ structure that connects the roots an ...
... ____ carries water and minerals through plant ____ transfer of pollen from one part to another ____ anchors the plant and absorbs water, minerals ____ contains reproductive organs of angiosperm ____ photosynthesis occurs here ____ carries food down the plant ____ structure that connects the roots an ...
6.4 Gas Exchange
... • To do so there must be a high oxygen concentration and a low carbon dioxide concentration in the alveoli. • A ventilation system makes this possible by getting rid of the carbon dioxide in the alveoli and bringing in more oxygen. ...
... • To do so there must be a high oxygen concentration and a low carbon dioxide concentration in the alveoli. • A ventilation system makes this possible by getting rid of the carbon dioxide in the alveoli and bringing in more oxygen. ...
class10-science-notes
... Oxygenated blood & Deoxygenated blood are completely separate for efficient Oxygen supply. (ii) This is to fulfil higher energy needs and to maintain body temperature (warm blooded animals). Amphibians & reptiles- have 3 chambered heat where little mixing of Oxygenated blood & Deoxygenated blood t ...
... Oxygenated blood & Deoxygenated blood are completely separate for efficient Oxygen supply. (ii) This is to fulfil higher energy needs and to maintain body temperature (warm blooded animals). Amphibians & reptiles- have 3 chambered heat where little mixing of Oxygenated blood & Deoxygenated blood t ...
Taxonomy Notes - Warren County Schools
... from penicillin mold (fungi). Antiseptic - agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the external surfaces of the body. Plaque is the accumulation of bacteria and microorganisms on a tooth. Tartar is dental plaque that has mineralized. Tartar can form when plaque is not remo ...
... from penicillin mold (fungi). Antiseptic - agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the external surfaces of the body. Plaque is the accumulation of bacteria and microorganisms on a tooth. Tartar is dental plaque that has mineralized. Tartar can form when plaque is not remo ...
STUDY GUIDE:
... Sori (Sorus): The term for the clusters of spore cases that develop on the underside of a fern frond. Spores released from the sori are carried by the wind and water. Ferns were the first plants to evolve vascular tissue and the first to evolve true roots, stems, and leaves. Vascular plants with see ...
... Sori (Sorus): The term for the clusters of spore cases that develop on the underside of a fern frond. Spores released from the sori are carried by the wind and water. Ferns were the first plants to evolve vascular tissue and the first to evolve true roots, stems, and leaves. Vascular plants with see ...
THE CHEMICAL BASICS OF LIFE
... • TRANSPORT Channels to move items into/out of Cell Membranes • DEFENSE –Immune system, White blood cells in the blood ...
... • TRANSPORT Channels to move items into/out of Cell Membranes • DEFENSE –Immune system, White blood cells in the blood ...
chemical reactions
... at a pH of 7 2. Most biological enzymes function best at normal human body temp. Few enzymes function well at high temperature ...
... at a pH of 7 2. Most biological enzymes function best at normal human body temp. Few enzymes function well at high temperature ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... protein ATP synthase. • How does a high concentration of hydrogen ions form in the first place? • H+ ions are actively transported using electron energy ...
... protein ATP synthase. • How does a high concentration of hydrogen ions form in the first place? • H+ ions are actively transported using electron energy ...
Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life
... 9. Acidic solutions have pH values that are _______________________________ 10. Alkaline solutions have pH values that are ____________________________ 11. Solutions with more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions are _______________ 12. Solutions with more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions are ________ ...
... 9. Acidic solutions have pH values that are _______________________________ 10. Alkaline solutions have pH values that are ____________________________ 11. Solutions with more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions are _______________ 12. Solutions with more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions are ________ ...
Bio-Macromolecules Worksheet.doc
... reaction is called dehydration synthesis or condensation as water is produced when the monomers are bonded together. To break the polymers down again the reaction is called hydrolysis. Notice how water is used or produced in these two reactions shown to the right There are four classes of macromolec ...
... reaction is called dehydration synthesis or condensation as water is produced when the monomers are bonded together. To break the polymers down again the reaction is called hydrolysis. Notice how water is used or produced in these two reactions shown to the right There are four classes of macromolec ...
Chapter 2 Worksheet
... 13. What effect does burning fossil fuels have on the carbon cycle? C Burning fossil fuels have reintroduced carbon into the cycle that was removed long ago. So much carbon is released so quickly into the atmosphere that the natural carbon cycle can no longer move all of it to other stores. C Scient ...
... 13. What effect does burning fossil fuels have on the carbon cycle? C Burning fossil fuels have reintroduced carbon into the cycle that was removed long ago. So much carbon is released so quickly into the atmosphere that the natural carbon cycle can no longer move all of it to other stores. C Scient ...
Plant Hormones and Response – Part 1 I. Plant Hormones A. Auxin
... B. A stimulus sets in motion a signal transduction pathway causing the plant cells to respond accordingly. 1. For example, Bolting – This process is triggered by water (ligand) entering the seed. 2. For example, Greening (Fig: 39.4) – The plant begins producing chloroplasts in response to sunlight. ...
... B. A stimulus sets in motion a signal transduction pathway causing the plant cells to respond accordingly. 1. For example, Bolting – This process is triggered by water (ligand) entering the seed. 2. For example, Greening (Fig: 39.4) – The plant begins producing chloroplasts in response to sunlight. ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... compartments within the mitochondrion. • The mitochondrial matrix is a proteinrich liquid that fills the innermost space of a mitochondrion. • A fluid-filled intermembrane space lies between the inner and outer membrane. • Both these compartments play a critical role in aerobic respiration. ...
... compartments within the mitochondrion. • The mitochondrial matrix is a proteinrich liquid that fills the innermost space of a mitochondrion. • A fluid-filled intermembrane space lies between the inner and outer membrane. • Both these compartments play a critical role in aerobic respiration. ...
cellular-respiration-notes-2016
... compressing a spring. The tightly coiled spring has potential energy. When the compressed spring relaxes, its potential energy is released. The spring's kinetic energy can be used to perform work such as pushing a block attached to one end of the spring. The phosphate bonds are symbolized by springs ...
... compressing a spring. The tightly coiled spring has potential energy. When the compressed spring relaxes, its potential energy is released. The spring's kinetic energy can be used to perform work such as pushing a block attached to one end of the spring. The phosphate bonds are symbolized by springs ...
You Asked for it - Secondary Science website
... proteins •These are the simplest cells •Examples are bacteria, like those that cause strep throat. ...
... proteins •These are the simplest cells •Examples are bacteria, like those that cause strep throat. ...
Essential Question: What is biochemistry
... C, H, N, O, P, and S are the most important elements for organisms. Na, K, and Fe are also important. Atoms of elements are almost never found alone, thus they combine to form larger substances called molecules Exs. O2 , F2 or to form compounds Exs. H2O, C6H12O6 . The attraction that hold to atoms t ...
... C, H, N, O, P, and S are the most important elements for organisms. Na, K, and Fe are also important. Atoms of elements are almost never found alone, thus they combine to form larger substances called molecules Exs. O2 , F2 or to form compounds Exs. H2O, C6H12O6 . The attraction that hold to atoms t ...
Parts of a Flower
... Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult for the plant to survive in a different place. ...
... Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult for the plant to survive in a different place. ...
Exam 2 Material Outline MS Word
... B. The Scientists Involved in the Race to Discover the Structure of DNA: 1. Linus Pauling of Caltech: was most likely to solve DNA structure. He studied chemistry of large organic molecules and was an expert in X-ray crystallography (diffraction) (bombarding crystals of organic molecules such as DNA ...
... B. The Scientists Involved in the Race to Discover the Structure of DNA: 1. Linus Pauling of Caltech: was most likely to solve DNA structure. He studied chemistry of large organic molecules and was an expert in X-ray crystallography (diffraction) (bombarding crystals of organic molecules such as DNA ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.