CHAPTER 4 | Solution Chemistry and the Hydrosphere
... e– + VO2+(aq) + 2 H+(aq) VO2+(aq) + H2O ( ) This reaction is a reduction. (d) As written, the reactant side has a charge of 0 and the product side has a charge of 10+. We need to add 10 electrons to the product side to balance the charge. I2(s) + 6 H2O ( ) 2 IO3–(aq) + 12 H+(aq) + 10 e– This rea ...
... e– + VO2+(aq) + 2 H+(aq) VO2+(aq) + H2O ( ) This reaction is a reduction. (d) As written, the reactant side has a charge of 0 and the product side has a charge of 10+. We need to add 10 electrons to the product side to balance the charge. I2(s) + 6 H2O ( ) 2 IO3–(aq) + 12 H+(aq) + 10 e– This rea ...
Plankton
... • Net primary productivity is the amount of carbon dioxide removed via photosynthesis minus the amount of carbon dioxide released by respiration • Compensation depth refers to the depth in the water column at which the rate of photosynthesis equals the rate of respiration – Above this depth, phytopl ...
... • Net primary productivity is the amount of carbon dioxide removed via photosynthesis minus the amount of carbon dioxide released by respiration • Compensation depth refers to the depth in the water column at which the rate of photosynthesis equals the rate of respiration – Above this depth, phytopl ...
Energy systems.
... The complete ATP-PC system can only supply 5.7 to 6.9 Kcal of energy, which can maintain about 10 seconds of maximal efforts. ...
... The complete ATP-PC system can only supply 5.7 to 6.9 Kcal of energy, which can maintain about 10 seconds of maximal efforts. ...
Isolation of obligately alkaliphilic magnetotactic bacteria from
... Cells in the axenic cultures did not initially display magnetotaxis. The reason for this was initially unclear but a good possibility was that cells were iron-limited with regard to magnetosome biomineralization resulting in weak or no magnetism, because iron in the growth medium quickly precipitate ...
... Cells in the axenic cultures did not initially display magnetotaxis. The reason for this was initially unclear but a good possibility was that cells were iron-limited with regard to magnetosome biomineralization resulting in weak or no magnetism, because iron in the growth medium quickly precipitate ...
9.1-10.5 Organic Chemistry
... Prediction: Determine the number of electrons in each molecule and use these numbers to determine the order of boiling points Analysis: On the basis of the evidence given, determine the order of the boiling points. (from lowest to highest) Evaluation: Determine if your prediction was verified or fal ...
... Prediction: Determine the number of electrons in each molecule and use these numbers to determine the order of boiling points Analysis: On the basis of the evidence given, determine the order of the boiling points. (from lowest to highest) Evaluation: Determine if your prediction was verified or fal ...
respiration_how cell..
... • Stage 2: The citric acid cycle – Takes place in the mitochondria – Completes the breakdown of glucose, producing a small amount of ATP ...
... • Stage 2: The citric acid cycle – Takes place in the mitochondria – Completes the breakdown of glucose, producing a small amount of ATP ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration – cellular process that requires oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide – Often involves complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water Oxidation ...
... Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration – cellular process that requires oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide – Often involves complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water Oxidation ...
Lecture3
... Another problem is that often the organisms failed to grow on media either because they are dead or the medium is unstable. Indirect transfer methods: This involves the preparation of a soil suspension in water or mineral solution and the addition of this suspension or a dilution of it to the isolat ...
... Another problem is that often the organisms failed to grow on media either because they are dead or the medium is unstable. Indirect transfer methods: This involves the preparation of a soil suspension in water or mineral solution and the addition of this suspension or a dilution of it to the isolat ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... 1. The synthesis of urea requires four high-energy phosphate groups. - Two ATP molecules are required to make carbamoyl phosphate - Two for making arginosuccinate 2. The urea cycle also causes a net conversion of oxaloacetate to fumarate (via aspartate), and the regeration of axaloacetate produces N ...
... 1. The synthesis of urea requires four high-energy phosphate groups. - Two ATP molecules are required to make carbamoyl phosphate - Two for making arginosuccinate 2. The urea cycle also causes a net conversion of oxaloacetate to fumarate (via aspartate), and the regeration of axaloacetate produces N ...
Islamic University of Gaza Advanced Biochemistry Faculty of
... reaction? What cofactor is essential in the first of these reactions? Name a tissue besides the liver in which gluconeogenesis occurs. (3 points) Answer: 1. Pyruvate Carboxylase: essential cofactor Biotin ...
... reaction? What cofactor is essential in the first of these reactions? Name a tissue besides the liver in which gluconeogenesis occurs. (3 points) Answer: 1. Pyruvate Carboxylase: essential cofactor Biotin ...
Conference22 - Zodletone Spring
... • The majority of sequences described here using the Planctomycetes-biased primers were associated with candidate class WPS-1 (27 OTUs). These OTUs belonged to three different monophyletic lineages within this class (group a, b, and c in figure 1). Interestingly, many of the most similar clones to Z ...
... • The majority of sequences described here using the Planctomycetes-biased primers were associated with candidate class WPS-1 (27 OTUs). These OTUs belonged to three different monophyletic lineages within this class (group a, b, and c in figure 1). Interestingly, many of the most similar clones to Z ...
Nutrition, Metabolism and Thermoregulation
... Ah, glucose -- ah, sugar sugar --You help me make ATPWhen my predators are chasing me. Ah, glucose -- you're an aldehyde sugar, And you're sweeter than a woman's kiss 'Cause I need you for glycolysis. I just can't believe the way my muscles break you down. (My glycogen is almost ...
... Ah, glucose -- ah, sugar sugar --You help me make ATPWhen my predators are chasing me. Ah, glucose -- you're an aldehyde sugar, And you're sweeter than a woman's kiss 'Cause I need you for glycolysis. I just can't believe the way my muscles break you down. (My glycogen is almost ...
Chapter 4: Oxidation and Reduction MH5 4
... Unit 3 Oxidation and Reduction Chemistry 020, R. R. Martin 1 Introduction Another important type of reaction in aqueous solution involves the transfer of electrons between two species. This is called an oxidation-reduction or a redox reaction. What happens when zinc pellets are added to an acid? The ...
... Unit 3 Oxidation and Reduction Chemistry 020, R. R. Martin 1 Introduction Another important type of reaction in aqueous solution involves the transfer of electrons between two species. This is called an oxidation-reduction or a redox reaction. What happens when zinc pellets are added to an acid? The ...
Specific Activities of Enzymes of the Serine Pathway of Carbon
... Departments of Biochemistry and Oral Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 SQQ, U.K. Dextransucrase [c+(l-+6)-glucan-~-fructose 2-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.51 is a constitutive extracellular enzyme synthesized by Streptococcus sanguis 804, N.C.T.C. 10904 (Hehre & Neill, 1946; Carlsson et a ...
... Departments of Biochemistry and Oral Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 SQQ, U.K. Dextransucrase [c+(l-+6)-glucan-~-fructose 2-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.51 is a constitutive extracellular enzyme synthesized by Streptococcus sanguis 804, N.C.T.C. 10904 (Hehre & Neill, 1946; Carlsson et a ...
Unit 13, Lesson 1
... There are different types of single replacement reactions. Reactions can be predicted using the metal activity series. The metals are arranged according to their ability to displace hydrogen from an acid or water. Lithium is the most reactive metal, gold is the least reactive. 1. Hydrogen Displaceme ...
... There are different types of single replacement reactions. Reactions can be predicted using the metal activity series. The metals are arranged according to their ability to displace hydrogen from an acid or water. Lithium is the most reactive metal, gold is the least reactive. 1. Hydrogen Displaceme ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced by NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 ...
... Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced by NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis However, the processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation, O2 in aerobic respiration, or something else in anaerobic respiration Cellu ...
... In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis However, the processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation, O2 in aerobic respiration, or something else in anaerobic respiration Cellu ...
EXAM2
... the big four in a major pathway and I have 4 carbons. I play a prominent role in C4 plants. You may say that I catch CO2, but that is wrong. Some consider me the great communicator. I even have two enzymes named for me. When you think of fatty acid synthesis, I should come strongly in mind. Who am I ...
... the big four in a major pathway and I have 4 carbons. I play a prominent role in C4 plants. You may say that I catch CO2, but that is wrong. Some consider me the great communicator. I even have two enzymes named for me. When you think of fatty acid synthesis, I should come strongly in mind. Who am I ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)